CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Importing raw materials and machines is one of the paths of increasing the profit margins. There are number of benefits in importing the goods, such as high quality, low prices, and benefits related to the international trade. An importer can have the comparative advantage which means lower […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY With the increasing use of advanced electronic technologies for e-funds worldwide, the introduction of POS into the Nigeria economy has facilitated the ease of doing business without necessarily going about with huge cash in wallet. The use of POS terminals to make financial payment in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY On January 30, the World Health Organization (2020) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) as a global public health emergency of international concern. After four months her declaration, the virus spread to virtually all nations and territories of the globe. According to Worldometer (2020), as at 9 June 2020, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The rapid development in Electronic Banking has introduced several transformations in the way individual business organizations and governments operate their businesses 24 hours each day. With the introduction of mobile banking and Point of Sales terminals as an off shoot of electronic banking, financial transactions have been […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Monetary authorities in all countries around the world have carefully supervised and encouraged the value of reliable and productive payment systems, as the growth of a national economy depends on encouraging a secure, convenience and affordability payment system. Many nations have been facing difficulties in ensuring that the payment […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In recent decades, the idea of success has gotten a lot of attention, and it’s now ubiquitous in nearly every aspect of human life. Performance is a subjective interpretation of truth, which describes the concept’s and its measurement instruments’ plethora of essential reflections.Productivity, quality, efficacy, economy, earning […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The entire world is grinding to a halt as more and more communities are forced into lockdown or shutdown to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. In this bleak and difficult situation, the Internet has emerged as the nervous system of the world, keeping education, business, healthcare and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria is unquestionably one of Sub-Saharan Africa’s major economies1. While she is heavily reliant on oil, her economy is bolstered by pockets of global entities that include almost all sectors of the economy, including multinational corporations with offices in the region, indigenous firms, and a vast number […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Social media are interactive technologies that enable people to create and share content, thoughts, job interests, and other modes of expression across virtual communities and networks.Users either use web-based applications on their desktops and notebooks to access social media sites, or they download services that provide social […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The COVID pandemic fundamentally differs from previous episodes in two notable ways: (1) the transmission of diseases has been much quicker than in past episodes, causing large-scale containment policies that are implemented almost synchronized globally, and (2) abrupt disruption of value chains that leads to a […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic. This infectious respiratory disease was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [WHO 2020]. Symptoms commonly associated with COVID-19 include cough, fever, fatigue, and breathing difficulties, but sore throat, diarrhea, muscle pain, nasal […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The first POS systems originated in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with Gene Mosher’s ViewTouch touch-screen gui and Martin Goodwin and Bob Henry’s first Windows-based POS system (IT Retail).Today’s POS systems empower merchants to choose between conventional counter-top systems and interactive configurations, in which they control all […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY COVID-19 was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. however, it spread rapidly and did negatively impacted all countries and territories around the world. Over 6 million COVID-19 cases had been registered worldwide as at 5 octomber 2020, with over 1,000000 deaths (Johns Hopkins University, 2020; WHO) […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A historical glance at and the growth of the Nigerian economy shows farming as the key corridor for the economy and as head of the foreign exchange. In the 1960s agriculture accounted for more than 80% of export earnings and wages, but over the years about […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Manufacturing industry has traditionally played a key role in the economic growth of developing countries.Manufacturing Industry involves designing, processing, and preparation of products from commodities and raw materials. This includes automobile, chemical, food and beverage, machinery, electronic, and other industries. The manufacturing sector is a […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Corona viruses are a group of viruses that infect both animals and humans and belong to the Coronaviridae family. Human corona viruses may cause mild illness, equivalent to a common cold, or more serious illness (such as MERS – Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and SARS […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Employees are the heart of any organization. Hence, the smooth running of organizational activities constantly and gigantically requires employees’ cooperation and cannot be replaced with anything else. Notably, to ensure full employees’ cooperation in an organization, much more is needed than just a strong relationship with the top […]

ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study is to examine micro environmental factors and performance of quick service restaurant in Port Harcourt. The study adopted the survey descriptive research design and with the aid of convenience sampling method, the researcher purposively selected thirty-six (36) participant who are managers and staff quick service restaurant in Port Harcourt as the respondent for […]

ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study is to examine the impact of production planning and control on manufacturing process using Nigeria Brewery in Lagos State as case study,as case study. Survey research design was employed for the study and with the aid of convenient sampling technique seventy-nine(79) participant was selected for the study who are staff and management in Nigeria […]

ABSTRACT This project looked into the impact of motivational factors on employee’s commitment. Four research questions were formulated for the study all derived from the objective of the study.  Questionnaire was used to gather data from thirty (30) respondents in Zenith Bank Plc, based on the research questions drawn for the study. No sampling method was […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study Many impoverished individuals in emerging nations face declining living conditions and unemployment as a result of economic downturns. This has been exacerbated by the fact that the formal economy has been steadily losing jobs while many people have been laid off (Abraham, 2003; DTI, 2004). […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study According to Yassin,2006  in addition to its large and significant role in decision-making operations at organizations where management should not overlook this role, the accounting information system has become an important part of the management operation as well as a basic source for supporting and observing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Generally, it has been suggested that regular payment of dividends can reduce agency conflict, and through this, the range of future probable misuse of resources by management is reduced. Dividends are part of corporate earnings distributed to shareholders for their participation in the process of capital formation of […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the Study         Every day, people make decisions in their homes, schools, political and governmental organizations, business boardrooms, and executive offices. Leaders and managers at the top of the organizational structure make choices, particularly strategic decisions (Hickson et al., 1986). Decision-making, by definition, is the process through which managers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Globally, the business environment has changed rapidly as the market environment has gotten more competitive across industries. The growth of information technology, which has resulted in the use of computers, the internet, and social networks by businesses to conduct business operations such as product marketing and advertising, […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study Small and medium firms, often known as SMEs, provide a significant contribution to the economic growth and vitality of most countries across the world, particularly those in emerging nations (Quartey, Turkson, & Iddrisu, 2017). The small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) of Nigeria are the primary engines […]

CHAPTER ONE:   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study With the introduction of technologies such as electronic bank transfers, E-commerce became popular roughly two decades ago. Electronic data exchange (EDI) made it available to manufacturers, retail dealers, and other businesses. Its usage continued to grow in a variety of industries, including stock market operations, vacation […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Most organizations’ operational environment in the contemporary world as observed by Godwin(2011), have been tense as new competitors enter the market on a regular basis. Because of the changing environment, management procedures have become more complicated. Specifically, Governments’ roles as regulators and competitors in the free enterprise […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background Of Study Workplace safety refers to a company’s working environment and includes all variables that affect employee safety and health. Environmental dangers, unsafe working conditions or processes, drug and alcohol addiction, and workplace violence are all examples of this. D. Peterson (1998) In the early 1900s, a dramatic increase […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Entrepreneurship has been researched by academics in a variety of fields, including psychology, anthropology, and sociology (Gartner, 1988), as well as management. The study of individual attributes has gradually given way to the characteristics of the entrepreneurial organization in entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurial acts are increasingly seen as key […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study The technology sector is often the most attractive investment destination in any economy. The U.S. technology sector boasts companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Facebook, Netflix, IBM, and Microsoft. These companies drive the growth in the tech sector and the fervor around their long-term potential has them […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The relevance of logistics management has grown in different fields since the 1950s, thanks to the trend of nationalization and globalization in recent decades. Janic, (2017) explained that for industries, logistics aids in the optimization of current production and distribution processes based on the same resources using management […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In a continuously changing and competitive market, every company wants to survive and thrive. To do so, it must adapt to and adjust to changes in the social, economic, and political environments. According to (Bryson, 2004), the environments of public organizations have grown not only more unpredictable […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the Study The information and communications technology (ICT) revolution is widely recognized as the world’s fourth major industrial revolution (Asakpa, 2020). In point of fact, information and communications technology has become the doorway to the contemporary information skills and orientation (ISO) that define the global order. The […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Any commercial or economic activity that aims to make a profit is considered a business. Business organizations’ principal goal is to generate money, grow, and survive in the environment in which they operate. The environment in which business organizations operate is a complex, multi-faceted dynamic that […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study International organisations are coming to the realisation that banks mostly (MFIs) are veritable and effective channels to ensure the effectiveness of programme implementation, particularly in projects aimed at alleviating poverty and having firsthand knowledge of the needs and interests of the poor. This is an important […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Individuals are the elements around which competitive edge is created in the field of education, whether in the public or private sector (DeSimone, Werner, & Harris, 1998). Human resources are an organization’s lifeblood; while many organizations have incorporated technology to manage their businesses, these technologies […]

.CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Workers play an important role in achieving company goals and objectives. When the workplace is either unhealthy or hazardous for employees to perform designated jobs, this centrality is undermined, regardless of their knowledge, skills, experience, or competence. This means that employee health and safety are important determinants in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the study The human civilization has witnessed different means and mediums of transactions for the exchange of goods and services. Mostly, all these means and mediums are physical in forms such as metal coins or paper currency. However, with the advancement of technologies, especially computers and the internet, the […]

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Because a leader’s efficacy is a significant predictor of an organization’s, group’s, or even a country’s success or failure (Fiedler, 1996), the notion of leadership has gotten a lot of attention from managers to scholars all over the globe. Making and carrying out choices is one of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study The kind of leadership employed in an organization determines the extent to which it is effective or ineffective. According to Anees (2013), leadership is critical in every institution or organization because of its far-reaching implications for goal achievement and organizational progress. The effectiveness of social systems is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The position and importance of buildings to man’s life and survival as he lives and carries out his activities inside them is not quantifiable and very important (Opoko,2003). Buildings are also key factors to any nation’s sustainable development. The building industry of every country is significant for its […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Conflict in an employment relationship has been an issue of continuing interest and debate. Over the years, dealing with conflicts in an organization has been viewed as the sole responsibility of managers, who frequently take a rigid stance on how to deal with them. Organizations that address conflicts […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The justification for taxation in every country arises from the government’s multiple obligations and the desire to support economic development in certain areas. Taxation is a way of ensuring that specific economic goals of the government, such as the establishment of a hospitable environment for private business/enterprises, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1         Background of the study Business organizations are facing aggressive competition from all over the globe . Practices of human resources management plays a vital role in the achievement of any organization’s goals and it also helps to maintain the competitive advantage. For achieving organizational goals, the relationship of organizational HR practices with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The significant rise in globalisation via the use of Information and Communications Technologies is one of the most powerful factors influencing the world’s economy and business today (ICTs). According to Kaynak et al. (2005), the fast development of E-commerce has altered the character of business so rapidly and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Shipping is the most convenient and cost-effective means of cargo transportation, owing to its ability to move freight in enormous volumes, which is almost four times the capacity of rail and air transportation (Olalere, 2015). When compared to other modes of transportation, maritime transport remains the most […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the study Redmond et al. (2006) define work-life balance (WLB) as the flexible working schedules that allow both non-parents and parents to make it possible for them to create a balance amid the personal and employment responsibilities. WLB is a crucial concept that concerns different workers in both the public […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Construction industry has been used for measuring economic activity in any economy. According to Ozumba and Shakantu (2008), contribution of construction to Gross National Product (GNP), in different countries at various levels of development reflects appreciable growth, Ozumba and Shakantu (2008). This can be attributed to increasing world population and the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about changes worldwide, including Nigeria. According to KPMG (2020), the pandemic pressured policymakers and supervisory institutions across the globe, sparking off several mitigating initiatives by government agencies to combat the potential negative social-economic impacts on households and businesses. Jorda, Singh, and Taylor […]