CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Importing raw materials and machines is one of the paths of increasing the profit margins. There are number of benefits in importing the goods, such as high quality, low prices, and benefits related to the international trade. An importer can have the comparative advantage which means lower […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY With the increasing use of advanced electronic technologies for e-funds worldwide, the introduction of POS into the Nigeria economy has facilitated the ease of doing business without necessarily going about with huge cash in wallet. The use of POS terminals to make financial payment in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY On January 30, the World Health Organization (2020) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) as a global public health emergency of international concern. After four months her declaration, the virus spread to virtually all nations and territories of the globe. According to Worldometer (2020), as at 9 June 2020, […]

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The focus of this study in general is to examine the impact of POS on Promoting Entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Specifically the study will examine the importance of POS in financial transactions. It will determine the challenges of establishing a POS business. It will Investigate if POS has promoted entrepreneurship in Nigeria. However the scope of this study is delimited to selected business areas in Calabar Municipal, Cross River State.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Monetary authorities in all countries around the world have carefully supervised and encouraged the value of reliable and productive payment systems, as the growth of a national economy depends on encouraging a secure, convenience and affordability payment system. Many nations have been facing difficulties in ensuring that the payment […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In recent decades, the idea of success has gotten a lot of attention, and it’s now ubiquitous in nearly every aspect of human life. Performance is a subjective interpretation of truth, which describes the concept’s and its measurement instruments’ plethora of essential reflections.Productivity, quality, efficacy, economy, earning […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The entire world is grinding to a halt as more and more communities are forced into lockdown or shutdown to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. In this bleak and difficult situation, the Internet has emerged as the nervous system of the world, keeping education, business, healthcare and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria is unquestionably one of Sub-Saharan Africa’s major economies1. While she is heavily reliant on oil, her economy is bolstered by pockets of global entities that include almost all sectors of the economy, including multinational corporations with offices in the region, indigenous firms, and a vast number […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Social media are interactive technologies that enable people to create and share content, thoughts, job interests, and other modes of expression across virtual communities and networks.Users either use web-based applications on their desktops and notebooks to access social media sites, or they download services that provide social […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The COVID pandemic fundamentally differs from previous episodes in two notable ways: (1) the transmission of diseases has been much quicker than in past episodes, causing large-scale containment policies that are implemented almost synchronized globally, and (2) abrupt disruption of value chains that leads to a […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic. This infectious respiratory disease was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [WHO 2020]. Symptoms commonly associated with COVID-19 include cough, fever, fatigue, and breathing difficulties, but sore throat, diarrhea, muscle pain, nasal […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The first POS systems originated in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with Gene Mosher’s ViewTouch touch-screen gui and Martin Goodwin and Bob Henry’s first Windows-based POS system (IT Retail).Today’s POS systems empower merchants to choose between conventional counter-top systems and interactive configurations, in which they control all […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY COVID-19 was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. however, it spread rapidly and did negatively impacted all countries and territories around the world. Over 6 million COVID-19 cases had been registered worldwide as at 5 octomber 2020, with over 1,000000 deaths (Johns Hopkins University, 2020; WHO) […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A historical glance at and the growth of the Nigerian economy shows farming as the key corridor for the economy and as head of the foreign exchange. In the 1960s agriculture accounted for more than 80% of export earnings and wages, but over the years about […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Manufacturing industry has traditionally played a key role in the economic growth of developing countries.Manufacturing Industry involves designing, processing, and preparation of products from commodities and raw materials. This includes automobile, chemical, food and beverage, machinery, electronic, and other industries. The manufacturing sector is a […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Corona viruses are a group of viruses that infect both animals and humans and belong to the Coronaviridae family. Human corona viruses may cause mild illness, equivalent to a common cold, or more serious illness (such as MERS – Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and SARS […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Employees are the heart of any organization. Hence, the smooth running of organizational activities constantly and gigantically requires employees’ cooperation and cannot be replaced with anything else. Notably, to ensure full employees’ cooperation in an organization, much more is needed than just a strong relationship with the top […]

MICRO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF QUICK SERVICE RESTAURANT IN PORT HARCOURT ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study is to examine micro environmental factors and performance of quick service restaurant in Port Harcourt. The study adopted the survey descriptive research design and with the aid of convenience sampling method, the researcher purposively selected thirty-six (36) participant […]

ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study is to examine the impact of production planning and control on manufacturing process using Nigeria Brewery in Lagos State as case study,as case study. Survey research design was employed for the study and with the aid of convenient sampling technique seventy-nine(79) participant was selected for the study who are staff and management in Nigeria […]

ABSTRACT This project looked into the impact of motivational factors on employee’s commitment. Four research questions were formulated for the study all derived from the objective of the study.  Questionnaire was used to gather data from thirty (30) respondents in Zenith Bank Plc, based on the research questions drawn for the study. No sampling method was […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study Many impoverished individuals in emerging nations face declining living conditions and unemployment as a result of economic downturns. This has been exacerbated by the fact that the formal economy has been steadily losing jobs while many people have been laid off (Abraham, 2003; DTI, 2004). […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study According to Yassin,2006  in addition to its large and significant role in decision-making operations at organizations where management should not overlook this role, the accounting information system has become an important part of the management operation as well as a basic source for supporting and observing […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the Study         Every day, people make decisions in their homes, schools, political and governmental organizations, business boardrooms, and executive offices. Leaders and managers at the top of the organizational structure make choices, particularly strategic decisions (Hickson et al., 1986). Decision-making, by definition, is the process through which managers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Globally, the business environment has changed rapidly as the market environment has gotten more competitive across industries. The growth of information technology, which has resulted in the use of computers, the internet, and social networks by businesses to conduct business operations such as product marketing and advertising, […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study Small and medium firms, often known as SMEs, provide a significant contribution to the economic growth and vitality of most countries across the world, particularly those in emerging nations (Quartey, Turkson, & Iddrisu, 2017). The small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) of Nigeria are the primary engines […]

CHAPTER ONE:   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study With the introduction of technologies such as electronic bank transfers, E-commerce became popular roughly two decades ago. Electronic data exchange (EDI) made it available to manufacturers, retail dealers, and other businesses. Its usage continued to grow in a variety of industries, including stock market operations, vacation […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Most organizations’ operational environment in the contemporary world as observed by Godwin(2011), have been tense as new competitors enter the market on a regular basis. Because of the changing environment, management procedures have become more complicated. Specifically, Governments’ roles as regulators and competitors in the free enterprise […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background Of Study Workplace safety refers to a company’s working environment and includes all variables that affect employee safety and health. Environmental dangers, unsafe working conditions or processes, drug and alcohol addiction, and workplace violence are all examples of this. D. Peterson (1998) In the early 1900s, a dramatic increase […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Entrepreneurship has been researched by academics in a variety of fields, including psychology, anthropology, and sociology (Gartner, 1988), as well as management. The study of individual attributes has gradually given way to the characteristics of the entrepreneurial organization in entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurial acts are increasingly seen as key […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study The technology sector is often the most attractive investment destination in any economy. The U.S. technology sector boasts companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Facebook, Netflix, IBM, and Microsoft. These companies drive the growth in the tech sector and the fervor around their long-term potential has them […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The relevance of logistics management has grown in different fields since the 1950s, thanks to the trend of nationalization and globalization in recent decades. Janic, (2017) explained that for industries, logistics aids in the optimization of current production and distribution processes based on the same resources using management […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In a continuously changing and competitive market, every company wants to survive and thrive. To do so, it must adapt to and adjust to changes in the social, economic, and political environments. According to (Bryson, 2004), the environments of public organizations have grown not only more unpredictable […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the Study The information and communications technology (ICT) revolution is widely recognized as the world’s fourth major industrial revolution (Asakpa, 2020). In point of fact, information and communications technology has become the doorway to the contemporary information skills and orientation (ISO) that define the global order. The […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Any commercial or economic activity that aims to make a profit is considered a business. Business organizations’ principal goal is to generate money, grow, and survive in the environment in which they operate. The environment in which business organizations operate is a complex, multi-faceted dynamic that […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study International organisations are coming to the realisation that banks mostly (MFIs) are veritable and effective channels to ensure the effectiveness of programme implementation, particularly in projects aimed at alleviating poverty and having firsthand knowledge of the needs and interests of the poor. This is an important […]

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD IN RIVERS STATE CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Workers play an important role in achieving company goals and objectives. When the workplace is either unhealthy or hazardous for employees to perform designated jobs, this centrality is undermined, regardless of their knowledge, skills, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the study The human civilization has witnessed different means and mediums of transactions for the exchange of goods and services. Mostly, all these means and mediums are physical in forms such as metal coins or paper currency. However, with the advancement of technologies, especially computers and the internet, the […]

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Because a leader’s efficacy is a significant predictor of an organization’s, group’s, or even a country’s success or failure (Fiedler, 1996), the notion of leadership has gotten a lot of attention from managers to scholars all over the globe. Making and carrying out choices is one of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study The kind of leadership employed in an organization determines the extent to which it is effective or ineffective. According to Anees (2013), leadership is critical in every institution or organization because of its far-reaching implications for goal achievement and organizational progress. The effectiveness of social systems is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The position and importance of buildings to man’s life and survival as he lives and carries out his activities inside them is not quantifiable and very important (Opoko,2003). Buildings are also key factors to any nation’s sustainable development. The building industry of every country is significant for its […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Conflict in an employment relationship has been an issue of continuing interest and debate. Over the years, dealing with conflicts in an organization has been viewed as the sole responsibility of managers, who frequently take a rigid stance on how to deal with them. Organizations that address conflicts […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The justification for taxation in every country arises from the government’s multiple obligations and the desire to support economic development in certain areas. Taxation is a way of ensuring that specific economic goals of the government, such as the establishment of a hospitable environment for private business/enterprises, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1         Background of the study Business organizations are facing aggressive competition from all over the globe . Practices of human resources management plays a vital role in the achievement of any organization’s goals and it also helps to maintain the competitive advantage. For achieving organizational goals, the relationship of organizational HR practices with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The significant rise in globalisation via the use of Information and Communications Technologies is one of the most powerful factors influencing the world’s economy and business today (ICTs). According to Kaynak et al. (2005), the fast development of E-commerce has altered the character of business so rapidly and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Shipping is the most convenient and cost-effective means of cargo transportation, owing to its ability to move freight in enormous volumes, which is almost four times the capacity of rail and air transportation (Olalere, 2015). When compared to other modes of transportation, maritime transport remains the most […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the study Redmond et al. (2006) define work-life balance (WLB) as the flexible working schedules that allow both non-parents and parents to make it possible for them to create a balance amid the personal and employment responsibilities. WLB is a crucial concept that concerns different workers in both the public […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Construction industry has been used for measuring economic activity in any economy. According to Ozumba and Shakantu (2008), contribution of construction to Gross National Product (GNP), in different countries at various levels of development reflects appreciable growth, Ozumba and Shakantu (2008). This can be attributed to increasing world population and the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about changes worldwide, including Nigeria. According to KPMG (2020), the pandemic pressured policymakers and supervisory institutions across the globe, sparking off several mitigating initiatives by government agencies to combat the potential negative social-economic impacts on households and businesses. Jorda, Singh, and Taylor […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF STUDY Almost all sectors of the economy depend on oil. Any contemplation therefore of a possible scarcity or unavailability of the product will in no doubt stipulate unnecessary price hike of petroleum in the country (Sikkam, 2009). Arinze (2011) opined that the fuel price hike is a reflection of […]

Abstract The topic assessed the influence of customer service relationship management on customer retention and the main objective of this study is to examine the influence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on customer retention a study of Fidelity Bank Plc, Lagos Nigeria. In gathering the data, the research method used was both quantitative and qualitative […]

ABSTRACT The main aim of this study is to examine Management by Objectives as an instrument for organizational performance with focus on First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Management by Objectives is a way of getting improved results in managerial method, whereby the superior and the subordinate managers in an organization identifies major areas of responsibility, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of Study : Strategic planning being an integrated plan through which an organization accomplishes it plans and procedure to the achievement of organizational goals should not be overlooked or set aside once that organization want to actualize its goals. Every organization wants to grow ’ and dominate the environment or […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Corruption literally means dishonesty, lack of integrity or use of official position for personal gain. The corrupt practice and other related offences Act 2000 (hereafter referred to as the Act) State that Corruption “includes bribery, fraud and other related offences “Corruption […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Materials are all the things we use for production of goods and services. e.g. raw materials, spare parts, stock items. The management of materials refers to all the functions of the various departments that coordinate materials in and out of the organization. Materials Management is the branch of logistics that deals […]

ABSTRACT This research work examined how the environment affects the structure of an organization. It focused on the types of environment in which the business organization operates and how to choose the structure to match the turbulence in the environment based on Griffin 1999. To solve the problem under investigation a study of Afribank Nigeria […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Studies have shown that the success of most organization does not depend entirely on how well such organizations are financed but also on how well the individuals working in the organization are experienced. The experience acquired by these individuals does not simply come out of the blues, but […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Engaging an expert with marketing orientation in a bank many years ago would have been considered a misnomer. This is because marketing was considered applicable only to goods and not services for which commercial banks belonged. In order words, banks are now fully marketing conscious and have […]

ABSTRACT One of the many problem facing the business community has been the problem of integrating the objectives of the employees with that of the organization for the achievement of the organization objectives. Even when such an integration has been made there should be a dear method or system of measurement of the contribution of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY For efficient management of the resources and the maximization of returns, the management of an organization has to set up some internal control system to assist regulating and directing the activities of the organization. The statement of auditing standards, number includes the following definition of internal control Meanwhile, internal […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In 1976 a uniform system of local government was introduced according to local government reforms of 1976 the primary motive is to take development direct from the center to the people at the rural areas through the local government hence the same reform (1976:1) describes local government as […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The importance of human resources in an organization cannot be over emphasized. Every organization depends more on the resources for attainment of its objectives. However the objectives cannot be achieved unless organization made up of employee who have skill knowledge but in the long run. They may find […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Training and development of human resource have been considered an expend able luxury in terms of financial constraints. The growth and development of  any organization depends on its human resources specific cost of management to develop individual skills or a means of developing people for promotion to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY   Decision according to the oxford advance learner is the action of deciding a conclusion reached and a judgment arrived at. Therefore decision-making is the most germane activities of management of multifarious organization ranging from small-scale organization to multinational corporations. Decision-making styles through out organizations are changing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In introduction topic a survey of the strategies for improving the functionalities of ins service training of secretaries in a modern business organization in Enugu state, we must first understand when in-service training is all about. There are many definition of in service training but I will […]

ABSTRACT The study is on the role of Management in increasing productivity in Ayala Hospitality Organisation in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are: to ascertain the extent to which planning, organising, directing and controlling affect organisational productivity in Ayala Hospitality Organisation; to assess how training affect employees’ productivity; to determine the […]

ABSTRACT The research study examines the role of commercial bank in financing small scale enterprises in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. The primary purpose of the study is to examine how SMEs can be developed through the intervention of the banking sector. Descriptive research design was adopted. The population of the study is the entire SMEs […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to Study Sales promotion had been adopted by business firms and marketing practitioners long before the coming of Europeans to Nigeria in 18th/19th centuries. As a matter of fact, many business firms had been using sales promotion in marketing their goods and services to Nigerian consumers before the coming of […]

ABSTRACT The pace at which teachers are motivated for greater service is deteriorating in Nigeria is alarming. The fall in performance and productivity of the secondary school teachers is of a great concern to the stakeholders. These unfortunate situations are roped on poor management, undue political interference, poor remunerations, lack of prompt promotion, non-payment of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to glamorize product in order to attract the consumer’s attention. Sometimes packaging is so important that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it. Packaging should definitely be included in the 4 […]

ABSTRACT The pace at which teachers are motivated for greater service is deteriorating in Nigeria is alarming. The fall in performance and productivity of the secondary school teachers is of a great concern to the stakeholders. These unfortunate situations are roped on poor management, undue political interference, poor remunerations, lack of prompt promotion, non-payment of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Before the independence of Nigeria, there was little or no manufacturing taking place. The role envisaged for the colonies by our colonial masters was that of producers of raw materials and consumers of finished products. Planned industrial development did not really commence until after Nigeria gained her […]

ABSTRACT This study assessed employee motivation and performance as a catalyst for organizational growth in Airtel Ng, Uyo Akwa Ibom State. The objectives of the study were To look at techniques used by organizations to motivate employees; To examine the effect of motivation on workers’ productivity; To identify the problems associated with motivation of workers […]

ABSTRACT This research work focuses on effects of organization structure on employees’ performance (a case study of First Bank Plc.). The objective of this study is to determine whether there is appropriate organisational structure in First Bank Nigeria and the extent it has contributed to their employees’ performances. The investigation was carried out with the […]

  CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Rightsizing is the Human Resource Management function of manpower planning and staffing. Institutions are established to accomplish specific goals. To achieve these goals, the human resource is one of the crucial factors, without which the goals are unattainable. The human resource is the engine room of […]

  CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Value Added Tax (VAT) is a form of taxation levied on various commodities consumed by people. The introduction of VAT like every other economic policy generated both positive and negative responses from economic observers. Most of the observers were forecasting that VAT could influence the overall […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 Background of the Study The survival of business organizations hinges on the availability of capital to keep the business running. However, central to the growth, viability and continued survival of any organization be it private or public, academic or social, manufacturing or nonmanufacturing; is the utilization of capital by the human […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), new or existing, often face certain challenges when they approach products providers for both enterprise fixed capital investment and market standards. The insufficient supply of microloans is a major issue, particularly where business creators are unemployed persons, women or form part of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The business environment of the 21st century has been more volatile and challenging than earlier centuries (Onodugo and Ewurum, 2013). Zuzana (2006) asserts that today’s organizations have to deal with dynamic and uncertain environments. In order to be successful, organizations must be strategically aware of the changing […]

  CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The effect of globalization on the economy of many nations can be traced to as far back as 16th century during the time of Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Reverend Malthus. Specifically, the early influences and contributions of these scholars to labour as input of production […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Work-family role conflict has become an important issue in the determination of organizational commitment. In recent years, there has been an increase in competitive pressures on organizations to increase productivity and an increase in time demands on the workforce, leaving less time available for the employees to be with their families. […]

ABSTRACT This study has examined employee participation in decision making and its impact on productivity. Three publishing outfits in Enugu were studied, namely: Government Printing Press, ROCANA Nig Ltd and GOSTAK Nig Ltd. The population consisted of managers and employees in the three elected firms in Enugu Urban. The sample for the study was 137. […]

ABSTRACT This project was conducted as a part of the requirement for the award of higher national Diploma Certificate in Accountancy. The aim of the research work is to find out the effects of retirement on the morale of workers ie the still employed workforce. However, the research work is centered on the Institute of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Management needs a lot of tools to be able to administer effectively in the day to day running of the business. Management by objectives is one of such tools. It is a way of getting improved results in managerial method whereby the superior and the subordinate managers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction Apprenticeship training appears to be a perfect educational solution providing a clear way into the labour market. Its heavy emphasis on on-the-job training makes it a potentially attractive option for individuals who are not inclined toward the classroom and lecture hall-based instruction of higher institutions of learning. It is concerned […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Consumer behaviour is an important aspect of study within the Marketing discipline. Consumer complaint behaviour started generating attention from the researchers since 1970’s. With the increase in globalization, study of consumer complaint behaviour, its antecedents and consequents has also increased. Consumers from different age categories, demographic profile, socio-economic […]

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to determine the extent to which multinational firms have spurred up economic growth in Nigeria. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are those having operations in more than one country. They are subjects to changes in international exchange rates, tariffs, duties, and restrictions on trade. The most successful ones have established […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY PA can improve motivation and performance, but if used inappropriately, it can have disastrous effects (Fisher et al, 2003). For PA to be effective, it must of necessity be anchored on the performance criteria that have been outlined for the job. Riggio (2003) describes performance criteria as […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The Nigerian government has over the years embarked on series of policy and institutional reforms aimed at enhancing the low of finance from the banking sector to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as well as those involved in the petty business (Micro) activities and to entrepreneurial ventures […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The present day business environment is marked by different dynamic features such as global competition, information technology, quality service revolution and corporate social responsibility which are compelling managers to rethink and reshape their approach to their various operation responsibilities. Due to this paradigm shift, new firms are […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Adeleye (2003) describes a brand as the name attached to a product or service. The author added that a brand upon close inspection represents many more intangible aspects of a product or service: a collection of feelings and perceptions about quality, image, lifestyle and status. Other researchers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Brand positioning strategies seeks to create unique identity and position for its products, services and ensures that both product and organization create value beyond that of their competitors (Ind, 2007). Brand positioning strategy can create added value for the corporation and implement its vision and create […]

ABSTRACT The proposed research topic is summarized as follows firstly, it provides the basics for the establishment of a comprehensive definition of Budgeting, by considering the various paramenters. That ensures it’s effective and efficient practice in an organization. Secondly, the research work equally considers the limitations that are associated with the successful implementation of budgeting […]