CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The number of people with high blood pressure is in the increase and research has shown that this condition is heightened by overweight of the patient. That is to say, the more one increases in weight, the higher the tendency of him or her becoming hypertensive. Mori […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Over the years the production of cookies of various types has improved with the advancement of new technology in most of the manufacturing industries in Nigeria; the cookies industries tend to be the most popular among most of the manufacturing industries in Nigeria. Cookies vary with types, method of […]

ABSTRACT Antibacterial activity of honey obtained from two different locations in Enugu State (Nsukka & Ugwuaji) Nigeria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogens isolated from wound was studied. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the honey on the test microorganisms. The result revealed that the two honey samples have heavy antibacterial activities against […]

ABSTRACT Comparative examination of three main sources of water supply in Independence layout Enugu was carried out with a view to determine their levels of contamination of bacteria. The sources of water examined are tap water, well water and stream water. The pour plate method was used to examine the water samples. Bacteria isolated from […]

A total of 50 blood (30 pregnant and 20 HIV) samples were obtained from pregnant women and PLWHA attending clinic at UNTH Ituku-ozalla. Samples were screened for hepatitis c viral infection using the rapid one step hepatitis C virus test strip. Two (6.66%) pregnant women were positive and four (20%) HIV patients were positive for Hepatitis C, giving an […]

ABSTRACT Safety of food is a basic requirement of food quality. A total of 25 street food samples (Jollof rice, egwusi soup, ugu, water leaf and green), were randomly purchased from five different vendors in Ogbete main market Enugu. The samples were transported in ice to the laboratory. The samples were bacteriologically analyzed using pour […]

ABSTRACT In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant […]

ABSTRACT The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated using agar diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to ampicillin, cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin of ofloxacin and perfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, clarithomycin and augumentin are resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to 50%, 70% and 60% […]

CHAPTER ONE  1.1 INTRODUCTION (GENERAL STATEMENT) Palynology is the study of micro organic material such as pollen grains and other spores especially as found in geological deposits. They are important group of microfossils and in general, are important tools for the petroleum industry, finding practical uses in all stages of the exploration process. Prior to […]

INTRODUCTION Proximate analysis helps in determination of the major constituents of feed and it is used to assess if a feed is within its normal compositional parameters or somehow being adulterated (Jegede A.V 2015) Goat as Small ruminants animal with four compartment stomach,(Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and Abomasum) suffer from scarcity in feed supply and pasture […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0              INTRODUCTION Crude oils are composed of mixtures of paraffin, alicylic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Microbial communities exposed to hydrocarbons become adapted, exhibiting selective enrichment and genetic changes resulting in increased proportions of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and bacterial plasmids encoding hydrocarbon catabolic genes (Leahy and Colwell, 2004). Adapted microbial communities have higher proportions of hydrocarbon degraders […]

INTRODUCTION The seed of locust beans (Parkiabiglobosa) plant found growing in the Savannah Africa provides one of the popular seasonings in African diet. The nutritious and delicious food spice is popularly called “ogiri” in Igbo, “iru” in Yoruba and “dawadawa” in Hausa in Nigeria. It is heavily consumed in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierre Leone and Togo […]

ABSTRACT The transmission of infection via fomites constitutes a major threat to public health especially in the developing countries. This study was carried out to investigate the microbial carriage and antibiotics pattern of bacteria on the door handles of campus shuttle operating in the Federal University of Technology Akure. Samples were randomly collected from a […]

ABSTRACT A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of chickens was carried out in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria between January and July, 2015. A total of three hundred and twenty seven (327) chickens of different breeds were examined for gastrointestinal infections. Faecal samples obtained from these chickens were prepared for microscopy using flotation technique. The results showed […]

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at investigating the microbial load and the quality of indoor air Faith Mediplex Centre, Benin City, to ascertain their contribution to infection rate in the hospital. Air samples were assessed for three (3) months (June-August, 2015) using the settled plate methods. The study sites were divided into five (5) units; […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0    INTRODUCTION Water is indispensable and intricately connected to life, without which there is no life. This is the reason for which water must be given the necessary attention at all times. Good drinking water is not a luxury; it is one of the most essential amenities of life itself. The supply of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobials and many other drugs. The potentials of higher plants as source for new drugs is still largely unexplored. Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern (Westhet al., 2004). The clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics is being threatened […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0   INTRODUCTION  Yoghurt is a fermented dairy product obtained from the lactic acid fermentation of milk. It is one of the most popular fermented milk products in the world and produced commercially at home. (Willey et al., 2008). In its commercial production, non fat or low fat milk is pasteurized cooled to 43°c and are […]

ABSTRACT This project work reveled the rate at which people are infected with malaria the least square method used for analysis showed that people are infected with malaria irrespective of the time and seasons of a successive year, There is no noticeable direction as regarding the number of patient treated for malaria over time. Also, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Water is the one of the most common substances known and it is good solvent for many substances, water occur at room temperature as clear, colourless, tasteless liquid which freezing into ice at zero degree centigrade and boil at 1000c. it is essential for life on earth. According to World Health […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION Gases, dust particles, water vapour and air contain microorganisms. There are vegetable cells and spores of bacteria, fungi and algae, viruses and protozoa cysts. Since air is often exposed to sunlight, it has a higher temperature and less moisture. So, if not protected from desiccation. Most of these microbial forms will […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Yoghurt is a fermented milk product, produced with a yoghurt starter culture which is a mixed culture of streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus in a 1:1 ratio. S thermophilusenjoys a faster growth than L hulgricus.  It adds flavours and aroma to the yoghurt, though both organisms in association produces lactic acid but acetaldehyde and dimethyl propanol, the chief favour component of […]

ABSTRACT This project work is aimed at examination of jollof rice served in hotels for pathogenic organisms and to find out possible pathogenic organisms in the food. Samples were collected from the hotels and were brought to the laboratory for analysis. The sample were homogenized and serial dilution of the sample was made out using […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION  A diverse microbial flora is associated with the skin and mucous membrane of every human being from shortly after birth until death. The human body which contains about 1013 cells routinely harbors about 1014 bacteria. This bacterial population constitutes the normal microbial flora. The normal microbial flora is relatively stable with […]

ABSTRACT The effect of pesticides, chchlorodipheny trichloroethane (DDY) and Benzene hexaxhoride (BHc) on the  microflora of the three types of soil (loamy, clay and sandy soil) was conducted. The serial dietitian technique was employed up to 10-3 using nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar and sabourand agar plates. The isolation of both bacterial and fungal organisms […]

ABSTRACT Invitro determination of bacteriocidal effect of garlic extract on staphylococcus aureus causing skin and urinary tract infection (UTI) on some female patients were studied.  High vagina swab (HVS) samples were collected randomly from selected number of patients who had symptoms similar to that of Staphylococcus aureus activities.  The samples were inoculated on Macconkey agar and nutrient agar […]

ABSTRACT Comparative analysis  of water was  carried out on well water, stream and pipe born water obviated within Emene locality of Enugu state the sample were subjected to some analytical tests final like presumptive tests, comfirmative test final like presumptive tests, comfirmative test, completed test, indole test and plate count for the organism that develop […]

ABSTRACT Starch was extracted from two varieties of sorghum bicolor grains (white and red varieties) steeped for 6, 8 and 12 hours by wet milling method, the starch samples were analysed for yield, functional properties and overall acceptability. The yield of the white variety ranged from 0.45 – 0.70kg and the red variety was 0.40 […]

ABSTRACT Urine Sample  from pregnant  women were analysed for bacteriuria. The result of irinalysis reveals the appearance –yellow and Cloudy, pH 6.0, protein-ve, Glucose-ve,Blood-ve, Urobilinogen. Normal, Ketone-ve, Nitrate tve, Bilirubin-ve, Ascobic acid –ve in some of the samples. The result  of urine microscopy reveal pus cells.  4-6/HPF, Epithelial  cell +++, red cells nil, yeast cells […]

ABSTRACT The prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia in pneumonia patients using university of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu as a case study was carried out based on the fact of the pneumonia is one of the commonest afflictions of the aged people and children worldwide. A total of 50 samples were collected. 12 (24%) of the […]

ABSTRACT This work is aimed at determining the incidence of bacterial injections such as Salmonella and Escherichia coliwhich cause health hazards to the  poultry in their feeds.  Sample feed were obtained from commercial mash operation/ pellet mill operation at New heaven and top feed at Ogbete main market Enugu.  The samples were screened for total aerobic bacteria count, […]

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 1.0              Introduction CHAPTER TWO 2.0              Causes and Effect of Malnutrition 2.1       Under Malnutrition 2.2              Malnutrition in Children 2.3              Psychological Effect 2.4              Food Habits 2.5              Taboos and Superstition 2.6              Nutritional Basic Education CHAPTER THREE 3.0              Obesity 3.1       Causes Effect of Obesity 3.2              Metabolic Disorder Associated with Obesity 3.3              Clinical Approach 3.4              Psychological Effect 3.5              Prevention of Obesity CHAPTER FOUR Conclusion References CHAPTER ONE […]

ABSTRACT Fungi associated with the spoilage of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) during storage at ambient temperature (28+20c) was investigated in this study. This was done by cutting the damaged portion of the cocoyam tubers and blend with diluents (water) to have even distribution of the microorganism and ensure ease of plating out. This done with the […]

ABSTRACT A total of fifty faecal samples were collected form pupils in airport primary school Emene Enugu were used for the study. The duration of the investigation was between February August 2005. These samples were  cultured and their causative organisms determined using macconkey agar, deocycholate citrate agar and an alkaline peptone water which was preparect […]

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 1.0        Introduction 1.1    Statement of the problem 1.2    Aims/Objective of the Study 1.3    Limitation of the Study 1.4    Significance of the Study CHAPTER TWO 2.0        Literature Review 2.1    Maize as Sweet Corn 2.2    Types of Sugary Corn and Their Qualities 2.2.1 White Corn 2.2.2 Yellow Corn 2.2.3 Bi-Coloured Corn 2.2.4 Mlti-coloured corn […]

TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter one 1.0        Introduction Chapter Two 2.0        Literature  review 2.1    History of canned tomato 2.2    Types of canned Tomatoes 2.3    Nutrition facts of canned tomatoes 2.4    Common additions of canned tomato 2.5    causes of canned tomatoes spoilage 2.6    Control/preservation of canned tomato Chapter Three 3.0        Materials  and Methods 3.1    Place of experimental work 3.2    materials […]

ABSTRACT A major challenge for achieving successful mosquito control is overcoming insecticide resistance. Bacillus thuringiensis which is one of the most effective biolarvacide for control of species of mosquitoes and monitoring of larval susceptibility is essential to avoid resistance development. Mosquito larvacidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis was assessed by isolating them from ecologically different soil […]

ABSTRACT This work was done in order to investigate the microbial content of some bolted soft drivels sold in Enugu interlopes. Soft drink are consumed in large quantities by the different age groups, adult and children of different class of people all over the state. This is aided by the general availability of these drink […]

ABSTRACT This project work is carried at the isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from hawked suya meat, were bought in full from the sellers and was collected in raps of aluminum foil. It was then taken to the laboratory for analysis the samples were homogenized and serial dilution of the sample was made out […]

ABSTRACT In thus work the incidence of candidacies was studied using selected patients of university of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu analyzed for the presence of candidacies yeast infection. The specimens were cultured on seaboards agar and blood agar and subculture isolated were C aibicans C Tropical C Knusei C Pseudoizo P cals C paraknusei and […]

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of three type of medicate soap on staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infections was conducted. Fifty individual with would infection within the age range of 9-73 years were sampled. Swabsticks were used to collect specimens from wound infection. each swabstick was streaked separately over plates of nutrient and macconkey agar and […]

ABSTRACT The topic of this study is Impact of Organizational Structure in Effective Management of Nigerian Organization (A study of Nigerian Brewery Plc, Enugu State. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey design. The researcher used both the primary, and secondary sources of Data in the course of the study. The primary data was sourced through […]

ABSTRACT The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated using agar diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to ampicillin, cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin of ofloxacin and perfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, clarithomycin and augumentin are resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus […]

ABSTRACT In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant […]

ABSTRACT Juice was extracted from banana (Musa sapientum) pulp with the addition of lemon juice and was inoculated with Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and held at 30 for seven days. The result of the yeast count increases at 48hr, and at 96hr the yeast count decreased gradually. It ranges from 4.9×107 cfu/ml at 0hr, 5.1×107 at the 48hr and 4.8×107 cfu/ml at 168hr. The […]

ABSTRACT Ten (10) samples of suya meat in Enugu were collected randomly and analyzed microbiologically and the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (35%)Escherichia coli (15%) Streptococcus species (15%) Pseudomanas (35%) . The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. The total viable bacterial counts ranged from 1.9x 3.8x cfu/g whereas, total coliform count ranged 1.1x-3.0x cfu/g on MacConkey and Nutrient agar respectively. […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1   INTRODUCTION  Canning food has been a labor of love for generations of families. Today has become an opportunity to take control of the food you and your family consume. The key to successful canning understands the acidity and spoilage factor of the food you wish to can, as well as the acceptable […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1   INTRODUCTION The Avocado fruit, Persea americana is a tropical and sub-tropical fruit tree, originated in central America or adjoining regions of North or South America. It has now spread too much of the near tropical world. The avocado is limited especially by its climatic requirements, with race differences. It is also highly susceptible to drought […]

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1       DEFINITION Milk is an opaque white maternal lactation secretion. It is the very first food from a child’s mother, and a loving link between mothers and offspring. It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to digest other types of food. The early lactation milk is known as […]

ABSTRACT The effect of leaf extract of ocimum gratissimium (scent leaf) and vernonia Amygdalina (bitter leaf) under nicotinanmide coverage was studied using albino wistar rat. Acute toxicity of the plant was carried out using (Lorkes method). LD50 was calculated to be 208 mglkg. The main work involved 49 albino wistar rats weighing 150g to 200g. […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1     INTRODUCTION  Mosquitoes are vectors of Plasmodium parasite that cause malaria, nematode worms that cause filariasis for example Wuchereria bancrofti, and a large number of arbo-viruses e.g yellow fever and dengue viruses including two of great impacts in the tropical ad sub-tropical regions (Ifeyinwa et al, 2012). They belong to the Order:Diptera and possess short […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0   INTRODUCTION Malaria is one of the most important killer diseases in Africa causing more than one million deaths every year. In Nigeria, the infection rate has been described as holoedenic with more than 75% of children ages 2-9 years infected (Saloko et al., 1994). Persistence of malaria symptoms after treatment with over the counter […]

3.1 SUBJECTS IN THIS STUDY 3.1.1 Model Animal – Adult Wistar rats. Sample size – Twenty (20) Wistar rats were procured from the Animal House of the Dpartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. The groupings of the rats were based on their weight. The weights range between 110 and 176 […]

ABSTRACT Hoslundia opposita leaf is used folklorically in the management of diabetes and a preliminary anti-hyperglycaemic activity has been reported for its methanol extract. Therefore, in this study, the antihyperglyceamic activities of the partition fractions of Hoslundia opposita leaf was investigated using glucose loaded wistar rats with a view to determine the most active fraction. […]

INTRODUCTION The primary function of intact skin is to control microbial population that live on the skin surface and to prevent underlying tissue from becoming colonized and invaded by potential pathogens (Ndipet. al., 2007). Exposure of subcutaneous tissue following a loss of skin integrity (i.e. wound) provides a moist, warm and nutritious environment that is conducive […]

ABSTRACT Yam popularly called “Ji” in Igbo Language is a tropical crop belonging to the Family Dioscoreaceae in the genus Dioscorea. It has as many as 600 species out of which six are economically important staple species. These are: Dioscorea rotundata (white guinea yam),Dioscorea alata (water yam), Dioscorea bulbifera (aerial yam), Dioscorea esculant (Chinese yam) and Dioscorea dumetorum (trifoliate yam). Out of these, Dioscorea rotundata (white yam) andDioscorea […]

ABSTRACT Garri is a staple food eaten mostly by the mid-western part of Nigeria as Red-Garri and white Garri. While the western part eats it as Ijebu-Garri.  There are several factors which influence the quality of Garri, processing conditions and storage conditions. Garri is a very popular cassava product in Owerri City and across Nigeria due […]

ABSTRACT Plants remain the most common source of anti-microbial agents. Their usage, as traditional health remedies, is the most popular for 80 % of world population in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Herbs are reported to have minimal side effects. In recent years, pharmaceutical companies have spent a lot of time and money in developing […]

ABSTRACT Fish are classified as any of the cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the super class Pisces typically showing gills, fins and streamline body. In addition Fish also refers to any other form of marine or fresh water animal that can be used for human consumption. Fish is also an important part of a healthy diet […]

ABSTRACT Water is one of the indispensable resources for the continued existence of all living things including man. The provision of an adequate supply of safe drinking water was one of the eight components of primary health care identified by the International Conference on Primary Health care in 1978. This study investigated the bacteriological quality […]

ABSTRACT The majority of dermal wounds are colonized by anaerobic microorganisms that originate predominately from mucosal surfaces such as those of oral cavity and gut. The analysis was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory, Imo state University for the bacteriology study of wound. 10 Samples were collected from Federal Medical Center (FMC), Owerri, Imo State. […]

ABSTRACT Agriculture in the early days was generally considered too small an industry to have significant impact on the environment. The remarkable growth of the agriculture industry in many countries over the past decades has increased adverse impact on the environment. (Acketors, 2014). The cultivation of organisms in ponds (Tincker, 2012), tanks (Millamena et al., 1991), rivers […]

ABSTRACT Dandruff is a scalp disorder which is characterized by excessive shedding of skin cells from the scalp. It is a common problem faced by people of all age groups. As the epidermal layer continually replaces itself, cells are pushed outward where they eventually die and flake off. For most individuals, these flakes of skin are too […]

ABSTRACT There is high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C among individuals with psychotic disorders due to lifestyle factors and prisoners globally continue to demonstrate a higher prevalence of Hepatitis B and C than the general population. This study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HCV and HBV and to detect hepatitis C […]

ABSTRACT Microbial assessment of smoked Scombia scombia spp. of fish procured from two markets in Owerri metropolis was carried out. The samples were analyzed using bacteriological and fungi media. The average bacteria counts ranges from 3.1X106-6.8X106cfu/g while the average fungi counts ranges from 0.0-0.3X106cfu/g. Four species of bacteria were isolated which areStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, bacillus spp., […]

ABSTRACT Fruit juices are very nutritive, invigorating and non-alcoholic beverage, which is very well liked throughout the world. Juice may be squeezed directly from fruits or may be extracted by water. These juices can be used in their natural concentrations or in processed form. They are very scrumptious and palatable and they have most of […]

ABSTRACT The microbiological  and physiochemical characteristics of soil receiving cassava effluent in Orji, Imo State, Nigeria were carried out, soil samples were collected from site polluted with cassava mill effluent and also from adjacent site not polluted with cassava effluent to serve as control. The overall population of microorganisms in cassava mill effluent was determined. Isolation […]

BACKGROUND OF STUDY Tobacco smoking is a practice of burning tobacco and inhaling the smoke (consisting of gaseous phases and particles). A more broad definition may include taking tobacco smoke into the mouth, and then releasing it, as is done by some with tobacco pipes and cigars. The practice may have begun as early as […]

ABSTRACT Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO, 2001). Probiotics is a general name for microorganisms that are associated with beneficial effects for humans and animals. They contribute to intestinal microbial balance and play a role in maintaining health (Soccol et al., 2010). […]

ABSTRACT Fish is highly nutritious with high protein content. However, it is a suitable medium for growth of microorganisms, if poorly processed (Oparaku and Mgbenka, 2012). The growth of microorganisms and other non-microbial activities such as lipid oxidation contribute to the deterioration of fish products (Martin, 2010). An increase in the ambient temperature triggers favourable […]

ABSTRACT The researcher investigated the effects of maternal nutrition on the exclusive breastfeeding of infants in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of maternal nutrition, socio-economic status, occupation, and perception on the exclusive breastfeeding of infants in Egor Local Government Area. To guide the […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. Ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal uses for plants as early as 3000BC. Indigenous cultures(such as African and Native Americans) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems in which herbal therapies were used. […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction Background of Study Wastes can be considered, as those materials no longer required by an individual, institution or industry. Wastes are thus regarded as by-products or end products of the production and consumption process respectively. Solid waste can be defined as: ‘The useless and unwanted products in the solid state derived from […]

ABSTRACT This project give a summary of the entire research study which was designed to find out the way and the way forward in the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted disease in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. This study include respondents in secondary schools, tertiary institutions, civil servants, traders, which were reviewed […]

Chapter one 1.0   Introduction 1.1   Blood culture 1.2   Septicaemia 1.3   Objectives of the research 1.4   Justification Chapter two 2.0     Literature review 2.1     Septicaemia 2.2     Causes of septicaemia 2.3     Detecting bacteria from the blood in septicaemia 2.4     Factors that predispose to bloodstream infection 2.5     Causative organisms 2.6     Blood culture in septicaemia (sepsis) 2.7     Diagnosis of […]

TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter one 1.0        Introduction Chapter Two 2.0        Literature  review 2.1    History of canned tomato 2.2    Types of canned Tomatoes 2.3    Nutrition facts of canned tomatoes 2.4    Common additions of canned tomato 2.5    causes of canned tomatoes spoilage 2.6    Control/preservation of canned tomato Chapter Three 3.0        Materials  and Methods 3.1    Place of experimental work 3.2    materials […]

ABSTRACT This project work is carried at the isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from hawked suya meat, were bought in full from the sellers and was collected in raps of aluminum foil. It was then taken to the laboratory for analysis the samples were homogenized and serial dilution of the sample was made out […]

ABSTRACT Fungi associated with the spoilage of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) during storage at ambient temperature (28+20c) was investigated in this study. This was done by cutting the damaged portion of the cocoyam tubers and blend with diluents (water) to have even distribution of the microorganism and ensure ease of plating out. This done with the […]

ABSTRACT This work is aimed at determining the incidence of bacterial injections such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli which cause health hazards to the  poultry in their feeds.  Sample feed were obtained from commercial mash operation/ pellet mill operation at New heaven and top feed at Ogbete main market Enugu.  The samples were screened for total aerobic bacteria count, […]

ABSTRACT The researcher investigated the effects of maternal nutrition on the exclusive breastfeeding of infants in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of maternal nutrition, socio-economic status, occupation, and perception on the exclusive breastfeeding of infants in Egor Local Government Area. To guide the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Ruminants such as cattle, goat and sheep represent an important source of animal protein in many countries of the world, supplying a good percentage of the daily meat and dairy products in cities and villages. Apart from being the source of animal protein, their waste are also very important in agriculture (Nwosu […]

INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of Study The present decade has witnessed a great and intense resurgence in the interest and use of the plant (Briskin., 2000). The healing power of herbs identified and botanical medicine has been one of the oldest practiced professions by humanity (Oduolaet al ., 2007). In fact, the use of synthetic pharmaceutical products […]

ABSTRACT Cosmetic(creams) need not be sterile,however they must not be unduly contaminated with micro-organism and should remain in a stable state throughout the shelf life of the product (or when be used by the consumer).the aim of this project was to determine the microbial load in selected creams and to identify the specific contaminants. For […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Ruminants such as cattle, goat and sheep represent an important source of animal protein in many countries of the world, supplying a good percentage of the daily meat and dairy products in cities and villages. Apart from being the source of animal protein, their waste are also very important in agriculture (Nwosu […]

ABSTRACT Two medicated soaps and one local soap were investigated for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Identification of the bacteria species was by standard microbiological techniques which included colonial examination, gram staining, and biochemical testing. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal activities of the soaps were determined by disc agar diffusion method. Black soap has the […]

ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that ranks second only to malaria in terms of human suffering in the tropics and subtropics. Five species are known to infect man and there are currently over 240 million people infected worldwide. The cornerstone of control to date has been mass drug administration with 40 mg/kg of […]

ABSTRACT Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated for its ethanol production potential using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeisolated from local sources. Proximate and lignocellulose analysis carried out on the plant sample showed that it had crude fibre, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose contents of 31.5%, 26.78%, 18.76% and 34.16% respectively. Aspergillus niger strains were isolated from soil and bread […]

ABSTRACT The vaginal normal flora of a healthy woman is dominated by species of Lactobacillus. The balance between the vaginal flora is maintained by the protective antagonizing compounds produced by Lactobacillus. Group B Streptococci (GBS) is an opportunistic organism usually carried asymptomatically by pregnant women but cause severe neonatal infections. Antibiotics chemotherapy poses a lot of threat especially to pregnant women. […]

ABSTRACT Salmonella and Shigella species isolated from human faecal samples were examined forBeta-lactamase production and resistance to some antibiotic agents. Age distribution of sources of resistant isolates showed thatShigella isolates from Youths (18 – 30 years) were more resistant to Ampicillin (66.67%) and Augmentin (33.33%) than isolates from Infants (6 months – 4 years) which showed percentage resistance of […]

ABSTRACT The increasing global incidence of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been attributed to immunosuppresion due to the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic.  The paucity of information on the contribution of NTM to mycobacterial infections in Africa including Nigeria has however been closely associated with limited laboratory culture for its isolation and identification. This study […]

Abstract The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination of resistant pathogens in the environment which may cause problems in therapy and is a serious public health issue. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli isolates in certain clinical and environmental samples as […]

ABSTRACT Prebiotics are non-digestible food substances that when consumed provide a beneficial physiological effect on the host, by selectively stimulating the favourable growth or activity of a limited number of indigenous bacteria. Most known prebiotics are complex carbohydrates commonly found in fruits, vegetables and plant products. Vernonia amygdalina, commonly called bitter leaf is widely consumed in […]

ABSTRACT Yeasts are continuously exposed to series of changes within their natural habitat in the environment. Their growth and proliferation are readily affected by certain factors in their environment. This study was designed to isolate osmophilic yeast from honey and to evaluate the effect of some stress factors such as temperature, pH, NaCl, heavy metals […]

ABSTRACT Crude oil and kerosene have useful applications in the society and are, therefore, used as sources of income and energy. However, the spills arising from crude oil and kerosene in our environment are becoming a visible problem in our ecosystem. Crude oil and kerosene pollute our farmlands and other arable lands and may negatively […]

ABSTRACT Honey has been used traditionally for ages to treat infectious diseases. Antimicrobial activity of honey is complex due to the involvement of multiple bioactive compounds. The physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of honey varieties from Apis mellifera and stingless bees,Hypotrigona sp. (Okotobo – Igbo) and Melipona sp.(Ifufu – Igbo) were studied using International Honey Commission protocols and microbiological methods (agar-well diffusion […]

ABSTRACT Newcastle disease (ND) is the most important viral disease of poultry in the world including developing countries. In Africa and Asia, it is a major constraint against the development of both Industrial and village poultry production. A serological study was conducted to estimate the level of circulating antibodies against ND in unvaccinated local chickens, […]

ABSTRACT Thermophiles are organisms which are adapted to live at high temperatures. The enzymes from thermophiles find a number of commercial applications because of their thermostability and thermoactivity including in beer brewing. One of the most attractive attributes of thermophiles is that they produce enzymes capable of catalysing biochemical reactions at temperatures higher than those […]

ABSTRACT Effect of different carbon sources on the growth of antimicrobial producing Bacillus species in ogiri-egusi sold in Ogbeta, Orie, Artisian, Kenyatta, Enugu State were evaluated using standard microbiological and analytical methods. 12 bacteria were isolated and identified such as Bacillussubtilis,(33.33), Bacillus pumulis (41.66), Bacillus licheniformis (25) were identified based on their colonybiochemical characteristics.The isolates of the highest […]