CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Notably, many states; continents; regions; urban and rural communities; families thinking and lifestyle of have been impacted by the outbreak a harmful pandemic pandemic known as Covid-29. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health emergency characterized with high infectivity, a high mortality rate, and a long incubation period. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Twitter is a social platform that provides users to follow one other and send messages that are limited to 140 characters. Relationships on Twitter may be entirely one-sided, unlike on other social networking platforms. For example, one user may follow another without the later being obligated to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Given the growing number of Nigerians who go online on a daily basis, as well as the fact that many brands continue to utilize social media on daily basis to advertise their product, it becomes even more important to determine how online product adverts influences consumer buying behavior. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study  Organizational performance is one of the most significant issues in management study since it is the most essential criteria in assessing organizations, their activities, and their environments. Its significance is mirrored in its widespread application. Companies are seeing internationalization of their activities and events as a strategy to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Producing for sales and profits is the raison d’être of each business enterprise. In order to stay in business, an organization must generate sufficient revenue from its products to pay its operational costs and generate enough profits (Tellis, 2004). For many organizations, budgeting or profit planning begins […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In modern times, a series of developments have impacted the personal sales feature. Customers have even more detail, greater demands, and require higher standards of customer support. Furthermore, rivalry is higher due to market globalization, and technology is continually becoming more advanced, particularly in the area of telecommunications […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The era of internet technology has had a favorable impact on our everyday lives and routines as well as on how businesses work around the world. The internet has provided businesses and individuals with a new means of communication as well as opportunities to communicate and access […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Several studies have examined the influence of advertising messages on brand loyalty (Baktor, Boric and Paunović, 2017). Advertising messages can be transferred to the target audience through the respective advertising media. A wide array of media is used for advertising messages. Each medium has its diverse benefits, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study A newly emerging corona virus, SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) which can cause corona virus disease (COVID‐19), a severe respiratory illness like SARS and MERS, was first reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) initially declared the COVID‐19 outbreak a […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background Of the Study According to a 2020 global research assessment of the global business climate led by Kantar TNS, a leading research firm, the insights engine was the most important feature a firm needs to continue good business growth (Redlich-Amiray, & Higginbottom 2014). An insights engine is a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Today’s brands serve a variety of functions that benefit consumers and increase a company’s financial worth. Consumers can attribute responsibility to a certain manufacturer or distributor by using brands to identify the product’s source or creator. Depending on how a product is labeled, consumers may have varied reactions […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Because of its unrivaled reach, targeting, information richness, and interactivity, the internet has earned a special place as a preferred medium of choice in modern advertising since its inception (McCoy et al., 2012; Nihel, 2013; Liu & Mattila, 2017). More importantly, the massive increase in the number of internet […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study In the last few decades, the financial and commercial activities of most businesses have been affected by the unfavourable state of the Nigerian economy. Hence, businesses have experienced a declining level of sales and profitability and strive to survive (Latif, 2011). In essence, every business enterprise in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Over the past couple of years, the business environment has witnessed a tremendous change as a result of the re-branding by players in the banking industry. Re-branding is an important aspect of business as it tends to have a great impact on the satisfaction of customers. Most researchers characterizes re-branding as […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Organizations work to accomplish a certain task over an indefinite amount of time. Organizations should strive for innovative and profitable methods of doing corporate practices to meet corporate goals in order to stay in existence for a long time. The fight for sustainability and success in industry has […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The arrival of new information and communication technologies has increased the complexity of competition in today’s world; thus, the competitive aspects of the use of new technologies are essential for local and international businesses in order to gain an appropriate share of local markets. It is important to note […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Given the trend of every aspects of economic activities globally and particularly Nigeria, it is imperative for business entities to adopt measures that should strategically reposition them so as to remain afloat. With much increase in the level of customer awareness in response to their needs and wants […]

CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Shell Petroleum Development Corporation Limited (SPDC) is the pioneer and largest hydrocarbon exploration and production company in the country. SPDC was originally known as Shell D’ Arcy and later as Shell-BP which was jointly financed by the Royal Dutch Shell Group of Companies and the British Petroleum (BP) Group […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Over the years, as evidenced by cumulative experiences acquired through reading and observation, the business environment observed several developments and instrumental to its growth and development. One of these development that remains ever fresh and laudable in the minds of business scholars, authorities, thinkers, philosophers, students and […]

  1.1 Background of the Study CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Attempts to formalise produce marketing in Nigeria can be traced to the 1930s. Then the European companies such as United African Company (UAC), John Holt, Societe Commercial Occidental Agency (SCOA) and Paterson Zochonis (PZ) were involved in direct purchases and export of Nigeria’s major agricultural commodities […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY We are in a very dynamic and complex world. The business environment is becoming sophisticated day by day and as such, decision-making is becoming more and more challenging and risky. Business organizations are failing due to poor decisions. Investors are losing their money and are unhappy. They […]

CHAPTER ONE 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Distribution channel is the path through which goods and services traverse as they go from producer to ultimate consumer. Also, marketing channels or marketing intermediaries represent organized network of agencies and institutions which in combination perform all the activities required to link producers with users and users […]

ABSTRACT The work dealt with the marketing of pharmaceutical products in Enugu State problems and prospects. Marketing of pharmaceutical products has been facing lots of challenges ranging from substandard of the products, poor packaging, high price of the products, inadequate distribution of the products to the rural and urban areas. The study has some of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study From the beginning of the 20th century, our world has witnessed tremendous and dramatic changes and advancement in all factors of human endeavour. The society is dynamic and has been undergoing development in technology, managerial capabilities, social advancement and legal revolution which impact directly on the economic, […]

CHAPTER ONE  1.0 INTRODUCTION A man that starts a business with a well-furnished office and competent staff is incomplete without customers to secure the flow of cash into his business which is a signature to profitability, success, growth and survival. Customers are needed in any business ventures whether privately or publicly owned establishment for profit […]

ABSTRACT This work focuses on the comparative study of the pricing of Commercial Bank products in the Enugu Urban Area. Two populations were used for the study. The first comprises all the eleven Commercial Banks operating in the city. Six branches of these banks were selected and studied. The second population is made up of […]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work is to analyze the role of packaging as a promotional tool in the marketing of different brands of weavons. In nowadays competitive marketing environment the role of package has changed due to increasing self-service and changing consumers’ lifestyle. Firms’ interest in package as a promotional tool is growing […]

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The rising cost of maintaining a salesforce has been a concern for most sales managers in today’s increasingly competitive markets. In many pharmaceutical firms, direct selling costs account for almost half of all marketing expenses. Often, the cost of maintaining the salesforce is greater than advertising and promotion costs […]

CHAPTER ONE 1 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of Study Like in many areas of businesses, banking is a sector that is characterized by intense competition for customers. The genesis of Nigerian banks competition for customers may be traced to a list of monetary, fiscal policies and programmes by the regulatory authorities beginning from the middle 1980’s. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Human behaviour is enormously varied and very complex and is predicted on attitude, learning and habit. Consumers learn from past experience and future behaviour is conditioned by such learning. Marketers, the world over differ considerably in their prediction of human behaviour. The whole marketing effort is generally centered […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Global competition on today’s business, coupled with the rapid development in technology, especially information technology that has made the world a global village, has necessitated business entities to develop strategies that will not only guarantee their stability but also growth in the face of adverse business conditions […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The vision 20:2020 policy was articulated during Olusegun Obasanjo administration (1999 – 2007) to make Nigeria one of the twenty largest economies in the world by the year 2020. At the inception of this policy, it was argued that the Nigerian government had no intention, strategy and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  Rising level of competition, growing pressure from stakeholders, environmental complexities and increasing customers’ enlightenment, among others have reawakened the profit maximization goal of business firms. This is understandable because both the survival and growth of any business lies on the level of profit the firm is able […]

Abstract Over 70% of Nigerians reside in the rural areas which are poorly served with social amenities, and programmes formulated and implemented by the governments for the development are not yielding the desired results. A study was conducted to determine the role and impacts of public relations in rural development in Nigeria. Method of study […]

ABSTRACT This study aims at evaluating the current model of Abuja Commodity Exchange for agricultural marketing and market development in Nigeria. This is done to be able to determine whether the operational functions and structural systems of the Exchange are environmentally favourable and yielding to solve the problems of agricultural marketing in Nigeria. More so, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. Nigeria is the largest country in black Africa with a population forecast of 150 million people broken into 36 states with Abuja as the capital. With this population and clothing being a basic need of life, it is evidently clear that Nigeria constitutes a very large market […]

Abstract The study assessed the communication campaign programs of the federal government’s cassava transformation initiatives as carried out by the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State. The survey research method using questionnaire and interview was used to obtain data from the respondents. The research work was highly descriptive and inferential in nature. This […]

ABSTRACT This research work is a study of consumer brand preference for soft drink beverage drinks in Enugu metropolises. A case study of coke, sprite, Pepsi cola and Seven-up the products of Nigerian bottling company plc and Sevenup bottling company plc—the two giants in non alcoholic beverage industry the world over. However, the study investigated […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Advertising and sales promotion are becoming very regular in our world today especially with the downturn in the economy and the consequent decimation of consumers purchasing power. In any production setting, it is believed that the production process is not complete until the goods and services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 Background of Study The role of the financial sector in promoting rapid economic development cannot be undermined. Hence, for economic growth in a country, there should be proper functioning of the financial system. Donli (2005) observed that traditionally, the role of banks whether in a developed or developing economy, consists of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM Public Relations is as old as creation. But organized Public Relations can be said to have started seriously in the United States in 1900 when the first publicity outfit was founded by George Michaelis. However, Ivy Ledbetter Lee has the credit of pioneering Public Relations in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Modern civilization cannot do without communication, especially by distant wireless communication. This has become a consumer product that is bought and enjoyed on a massive level and repeatedly. Therefore, organizations that provide more and cost effective telecommunication services tend to have more customers than other organizations (Ndukwe, […]

INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The foundational objective of any good sole proprietor is usually to dispose off his goods as much as possible. At the back of his mind, he will most readily place his customer’s satisfaction at his uppermost mind. Customer satisfaction is the pivot on which all activities revolve, be it […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The fact that there are lots of problems bedeviling the Nigeria Health Care Delivery system is not debatable. The debate, however, would rather be on the singular most important change that needs to be effected within the system, given the current trend in the system to bring […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Niger Delta regions of Nigeria have in recent years become a hot-bed of explosive crisis and conflicts that often leave some deaths and mindless destructions in their wake, all resulting mainly from sour relationship between the oil producing companies operating in the areas and their aggrieved host communities. In fact, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria is facing economic recession which became noticeable in the early eighties. This is aggravated by the global economic recession caused by the famous oil glut. The pangs of the recession have continued to be felt in all economic activities internal and external. Its dimension has […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The success of any organization, especially the institutions of higher learning, depends on how information is handled in that organization. The efficiency and effectiveness with which information is managed determines to a large extent whether the institution will consistently be crisis ridden or not. This is why […]

ABSTRACT This study constructively examines why after many years of political independence, our development as a nation in many spheres has been relatively unimpressive, especially, in relation to our potential. This study examines one of the most controversial issues in marketing in the developing countries. “Attitude and belief of consumers to locally made products”. This […]

    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The marketing of petroleum products in Nigeria began in the early 19th century by Socony Vacuum Oil Company (the predecessor of Mobil) which marketed sun flower kerosene. This later expanded to include the eight major marketing companies, Mobil, AP, Total, Texaco, Oando, Agip, Conoil, Elf […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Customers are the reason why any business exist be it service or manufacturing business. This is because before any business organization is set, the initiator of such business must have in mind a defined audience or people for the patronage of such business in order to make […]