Introduction A serious health threat, particularly for newborns and children, is secondhand smoking (SHS). Smoking causes six million deaths globally each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2019). As a result of the rise in cigarette use, more people are being exposed to SHS, which contains over 50 carcinogens and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study It is well known that vehicle speeds depend on many fac- tors relating to drivers, vehicles, roadway environment, etc. (Kanellaidis 1995). In the last decades several studies were conducted in order to develop operating speed prediction models for two-lane rural roads (Castro et al. 2011; Fitzpatrick et […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the study Solid and health waste threatens the public health due to its contagious nature. Dehghani et al. (2018) noted that Solid and health waste (SHW) if not appropriately managed can be a serious threat to human health due to their infectious attributes.  Nigeria, one of developing countries, has health issues that are […]

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to assess job prospects of secretaries in some selected business organization.  Descriptive design was adopted for the study, and also four research questions and four null hypotheses were posited.  The population of the Executives and Secretaries in both public and private organizations stood at 2,960 and 4,040, respectively. Proportionate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Investors all over the world put their money into a business with a view to having some return on investment irrespective of whether it is in a proprietorship, partnership and corporations. In small and medium businesses, owners have direct or indirect control over the management of the […]

Introduction Availability of land for disposal of municipal waste via land filling is getting scarce nowadays. Landfills have created various problems such as ground water contamination and uncontrolled emission of landfill gases causing an explosion. All these problems resulted into the unwelcome of landfill by the communities all over the world. Landfill sitting becomes one […]

                INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin (Guyton, 2006).Diabetes is a serious metabolic abnormality characterized with micro and macro vascular complications that result in significant morbidity and mortality. This is due […]

C set machinery in motion to stop possible re-occurrence. According to Egbmuche- Okeke (2008:48), in persistent search of global peace, the United Nations Organization was established on October 24, 1945, the main objective is maintenance of world peace and security. On the other hand, United States stands out after the ‘cold war era’ while the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This work is on the inter-group relations between Ukwuani and Urhobo peoples up to 1900. One aspect of Ukwuani and Urhobo history that has not received much attention from historians in recent times, is the effect of inter-group relations between them. Many have written on the various aspects beginning with the origin, […]

     CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that arises when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or when the body cannot use the insulin produced effectively (Alva, 2000). There are currently an estimated 143 million people with diabetes worldwide and this figure is estimated to […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background to the Study   The world is in a dispensation of great change and working in an Information Age, where managers have to assimilate masses of data, convert that data into information, form conclusions about that information for planning and making decisions leading to the achievement of business […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF STUDY Sildenafil citrate is a potent, competitive phosphodiesterase type 5 isoenzyme inhibitor, it was the first in a class of effective oral treatment for erectile dysfunction(ED) of varying etiologies including erectile dysfunction associated with drugs, diabetes, other general medical conditions and spinal cord injury (Giulinao et al). Sildenafil citrate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1         Background of the Study In view of the rapid depletion of existing conventional energy resources, due to the high rate of consumption the world over, it’s obvious that mankind is heading towards an energy crisis. Today energy consumption per capita is synonymous with the standard of living of a nation and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The Christian tradition has made significant contributions to world peace at a number of different levels (Albert, 2011). Among these are public statements by Church leaders, programs of action at local and international levels, organizations dedicated to bringing about peace, courses of study, commemorative days etc. In […]

                                                        CHAPTER ONE                                                        INTRODUCTION 1.BACKGROUND  OF STUDY Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar typhi and, to a lesser extent, related serovars paratyphi A, B, and C. The protean manifestations of typhoid fever make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. The classic presentation includes fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal […]

CHAPTER ONE                                                              INTRODUCTION 1.1         Background of the Study Human Resource Management (HRM)) is one of the key functions of an organization, and it defines ways of practices and results to organization productivity by recruiting qualified employees who have the desired competencies that enhances corporate image and lowers employee turnover and retention of employees […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   1.1  General Overview This research investigated the extent to which divorceaffect academic performance of pupils in primary schools and Edo State was selected as a case. Although there is no data available on the rise of divorcein Nigeria, that the incidences of divorceare on the increase, as well as the failure […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study An advanced society is man. It is man by whom and for whom this focal point of the different changes and progressions in changes and headways are made. In any case, one adverse factor going with these changes is the viciousness or the debasement of the human person […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study English is accepted as the official language, a second language (L2) as well as a restricted lingua franca in Nigeria. English in Nigeria is not acquired in a native speaker environment so learners undergo more difficulties than native speakers do in acquiring the language. Mother tongue interference […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Globalization is just to see the world with one eye and the apartheid of the privileged. It is the supreme myth of all that people invested their hopes and dreams in the expectation that the world would come together that was never been (Hirst and Thompson, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study A family is an institution, the primary socializing agent of which a child is a member since it is in the family the child is born. Obayan (2003) stated that the family is the bed rock of any society the foundation for the academic achievement of the child. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Several organizations aim at how best their productivity can be improved. Improved productivity calls called for proper and efficient management of both human and material resources of the organization. Most managers recognized training as effective tools in achieving productivity. It is well known fact that organizations always […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is the impact of training and development of employees and its effects on the performance of an enterprise or organization. This chapter gives introductory information on the background, problem, and objectives of the work. It also has information on the scope and significant of the study.   […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the study The development of any nation depends on the quality of its education and so conscious efforts are usually made to ensure educational quality at every level. One of the greatest concerns of Nigerians has been the issue of standard and quality of the educational system. This explains […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION     1.1       Background of Study   In every business organization, the performance of the employees is important in achieving organizational goals. The success of every business organization can therefore be attributed to performance appraisal. Performance appraisal is one of the basic tools that make workers to be very effective and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1:1    Background of the Study Rural development in Nigeria and indeed in Enugu State dates back to the origin of man. Man in a bid to live above nature, saw the need to develop his environment. He started by taking care of the fundamental needs such as food, clothing, shelter and so […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of Study Water is a common natural chemical substance containing two atoms of Hydrogen and an atom of Oxygen. Its common usage refers to liquid form, though has other forms: solid water- ice and gaseous forms – water vapour and steam. Water is indispensable for life and socioeconomic development of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION      Background to the study   The Capital market in any country is one of the major pillars of long-term economic growth and development. The market serves a broad range of clientele, including different levels of government, corporate bodies and individuals within and outside the country. Capital formation entails accumulated savings out […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY   There exist lots and lots of business ventures that are run by individuals, group of people or association,  SMEs, industries and government with the aim of maximizing profits.  They range from small scale to medium and large  SMEs. In the  Uyoeconomy the small scale […]

ABSTRACT     It is generally perceived that there is diversity in the workforce of any endeavor, be it business, government, or common society. This study therefore tries to discover the impact of workforce diversity on organizational performance in cross river state in Nigeria for the study. We utilized the Blau’s1977 list of heterogeneity to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to the Study The availability of adequate facilities, equipment and supplies as well as their utilization are important ingredients in any physical education and sports programme. In recent times it has been observed that physical education and sports seems to be losing steam in almost all the secondary schools in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Information orientation is absolutely necessary for new employees in any organization. Without information orientation many things can and do take place that have risky and negative impact on the company and the new employee. It is essential to comprehend and recognize that orientation and training is not […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are often the main driving force of a country’s economic growth and development (Okechi & Kepeghom, 2013). There is no universal definition of SMEs that is widely accepted as the definition is dynamic and depends largely on a country’s level of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction This chapter introduces the research study. It gives the background to the study, statement to the problem, research questions, scope and the significance of the study, definition of terms and organization of the study. 1.1 Background to the study Solid waste management practices are essential component of environmental infrastructure in human […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Technology is the context is considered as indigenous capacity to create, adopt, diffuse, modify the hardware of mechanical development in engineering, science and economics and its commercial operation. To Okitis O, Stevat 1982, it is a technique and means and for accomplishing requires purpose. Generally, radio broadcasting […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study This study entitled the role of Examination grade in shaping the reading culture of students in Tertiary institutions in Nigeria. A big part of any course or study programme is measuring how much a student has actually learned. Examinations can come in different forms, while grading must […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study In May, 1999 when the current Democratic government was sworn-in, Nigerians heaved a sigh of relief after the long reign of the military that had practically bastardized the Nigerian nation and alienated her from the rest of the World. Among the expectations were hopes for a better […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Taxation is a major instrument for the conduct of both developed and developing countries. Taxation is known to accomplish a number of objectives such as revenue generation for government, economic stabilization and income re-distribution. Taxation as an instrument of public policy is essentially concerned with the manipulation […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Burning with reference to land cultivation is a method of land preparation in Edo State. In general and in Ekiadolor in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State in particular bush burning generally is the method of  removing the natural vegetable from the surface of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    THE BACKGROUND OF STUDY Accountability and transparency have been critical issue in financial management of local government. It has been hampering the performances of the council and has been and is still a yet problem to be solved. It could be traced to have started during the early era of management, […]

ABSTRACT In Aristotle’s evaluation of different constitutions, he considered some as better than others. One criterion was whether rule is conducted in the interest of rulers, or for the common good. Applying this criterion, we can ask if we would prepare to be governed by people who attempt to enlist our willing co-operation by persuasion, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to Study Cities across the world are bedeviled with environmental maladies in different sub-sectors of the urban system. For instance, in the transportation sub-sector, road traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, and accident negatively affect the aesthetic of the urban environment. According to Auclair (1999) rating of transportation negativities in major […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF STUDY Criminality is part and parcel of human nature and society. That is why no society can claim to be completely free of crimes. But the types of criminal behaviour tend to follow the pattern of social and economic development of a given society. It is therefore not unexpected […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to Study A sensor node is usually a low size, weight and power (SWAP) device with an antenna, a CPU, an expansion connector, a power switch, a radio, and is powered by battery. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a sensor node. A sensor network, which consists of multiple sensor […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion, along with related concepts such as energy and force. In this context, motion is the change in the position of an object as a result of an applied force (Anyakoha, 2007). Thus, force is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Ideology has often been implicated in violent, radical movements (Rapoport, 1984) and since 9/11, much attention has been devoted to the ideological underpinnings of violent Jihadist groups and others (Atran, Axelrod, & Davis, 2007; Habeck, 2006; Jurgensmeyer, 2004; Ranstorp, 2004; Schbley & McCauley, 2005; Stern, 2003). Scholars […]

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION     1.1: Background of the Study   Service quality and customers/students satisfaction have received a great deal of attention from both scholars and practitioners because of their relevance and relationship, according to Eshghi & Ganguli (2008) and the main reason for focusing on these issues is to improve the overall performance […]

ABSTRACT The study centered on public utilities and Students Academic Performances in tertiary institutions with Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) as case study. The study was conducted with the objectives among others to: determine the Impact of Teaching Facilities, Learning Facilities, Welfare Facilities, Health Facilities, electricity, water supply and sewage disposal on Students Performances in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to the Study The difficulty researchers confront in defining an appropriate’ perspective from which to study the parenting of abused and neglected children stems in part from our currently incomplete understanding of the dynamics of parental functioning. The human potentials realized in the parental role are often reduced to the […]

In sickle cell anaemia, the red blood cells clump together causing the originally round-shaped red blood cells to appear as semicircular shaped red blood cells, sickle cell anaemia disease is categorized as a disease accompanied by frequent pain, low red cell blood count, and infection. This study sought the psychological factors influencing the wellbeing of […]

CHAPTER ONE    INTRODUCTION Background of Study   In Nigeria any act of killing which is unlawful is a criminal act. Such acts under certain offences are referred to as unlawful homicide, which includes suicide, infanticide, murder, manslaughter. Also, any intention to kill or cause grievous harm by a person to another and which eventually […]

Background of Study   From the evolution of human history, it is amply testified that economic development traces its origin to agriculture. All over the world, the development of an enduring economy goes hand in hand with agricultural development. Agriculture is considered a catalyst for the overall development of any nation. According to Ogbalubi And […]

1.1    Background of the Study Urban areas are the engines of economic growth as well as location for complex network of activities essential to basin human function of living and working (Mattingly, 1995). The lure of employment and the perception of improved quality of life in the cities are major socio-economic pull factors (Harris & […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background of Study A soap is a salt of a compound, known as a fatty acid. A soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end, which has ionic bond with metal ion, usually sodium or potassium. The hydrocarbon end is non polar which is […]

ABSTRACT Seeds of Azadirachta indica were collected for oil extraction using different extraction techniques. The aim was assess the production and nutritional composition of neem oil from raw neem seed, and also to determine the effects of the extraction techniques on the acid, saponification and peroxide values of the oils for possible use as biodiesel. […]

ABSTRACT The ability to achieve communicative competence in writing is a major facet of language development and academic success among students at all levels of the education system. However, learning to master essay writing skills is a problem student’s face in secondary schools. This has been consistently shown by the Nigeria Certificate examinations (WASSCE) results […]

ABSTRACT China and Pakistan have had one of the closest and friendliest relationships since 1951. These good relations undoubtedly have obvious reasons why economic issues are high on the list. The trade liberalization policies of these two countries have led to greater trade cohesion through fish trade. The purpose of this study is therefore to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Plantation agriculture is more than 400 years old and contributes to the regional and national countries. Agriculture is the cultivation of soil growing of crops and rearing of animals for man use. Agriculture has always been the major activity in Nigeria in general and also Edo State particularly producing […]

ABSTRACT   Contamination of existing and potential agricultural lands is a major problem associated with the processing and distribution of crude and refined petroleum products in many oil producing countries like Nigeria. Hydrocarbon contaminants in soil are potentially phytotoxic to plants and can interfere with plant establishment and growth as well as other potential land […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Water is a limited natural resource and fundamental for life and  health  (UNWWDR,  2002). About 97.5% of all water on earth is salt water and the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Around 70% of fresh water is frozen in the Antarctica and Greenland icecaps. Only 1% of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to the Study Gesinde (2000) asserts that, the need to achieve varies among individuals. While some individuals‟ need for achievement is very high, that of others may be very low. Atkinson (1964) states that, individuals‟ actual achievement behaviour depends not only on their motivation to achieve but also whether they […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF STUDY Man has been identified and defined as a rational animal, apart from rationality, which distinguishes him from other animals, he would just be a beast in behaviour and man in physical structure. In this regard, G. Buffen, said that there is an infinite distance between man and animals, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Beadles et al.(2000) found a positive and significant correlation between job retention and organizational performance. Campion (1991) found that inescapable turnover was characteristically viewed as critical to an organization. The notion that turnover decreases the organizational performance was supported by the most of researchers. Mobley (1982) suggested that turnover might interrupt job […]

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The family is a fundamental social institution occurring in all societies, although its particular forms differ much from place to place. Stark who happens to be a legal scholar identifies four primary functions of the family to include the following: sexual relationships, economic cooperation among members, reproduction […]

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND INFORMATION Nigeria operates a federal system of government under which system each tier of government has its legislative competence or functions conferred on it as the case may be.  It is significant to note that Federalism in Nigeria dates back to 1954 when the country which had hitherto […]

ABSTRACT It is popular knowledge that most counties in Africa were at one time or the other under the control of foreign countries after the Berlin conference that partitioned the continent into various parts and acted as guides for the colonial masters. However, the true sons of the soil who happened to be nationalists like […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The practice of HIV care has dramatically changed during the past two decades. Knowledge regarding HIV pathophysiology has quickly accumulated and has led to the development of new medications. In addition to knowledge updates, the attitudes of health care professionals toward current concepts about HIV care […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Tomato (lycopersicumesculentum) is an animal plant, having a weak woody stem covered with glistering red iscultivated in many parts of the world. the tomato plant is widely cultivated in many parts of the world and also has a smooth stain. It is green when immature but becomes bright red […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION        1.1        BACKGROUND The septic tank system is the most widely used onsite treatment system for domestic wastewater. In fact, most developing countries (Nigeria inclusive) lack the technology and economic power to construct and operate sewerage systems for conveyance of domestic wastewater to central sewage treatment facilities, so a greater population […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The Nigeria Construction Industry (NCI) has been described as a „sleeping giant‟ in terms of service delivery and capacity to satisfy the needs of its clients (Kolo and Ibrahim, 2010). There is a consensus among academic researchers and professionals that the Nigeria Construction Industry (NCI) is slow […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to Study The vegetables sector in most West African countries is recovering from the shocks of policy reforms which are targeting to change the economic strategy to market oriented economy. These crop products are increasingly becoming important as produce for both local and export markets. They have a great potential to […]

CHAPTER ONE                                                                  INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Accounting aims, as an information system, to provide various users with different forms of useful information to meet their various needs. Therefore, accounting seeks to take advantage of the surrounding circumstances in order to improve the quality and quantity of information and the delivery mechanism to […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The current global economic meltdown which started in late 2007 was as a result of a liquidity shortfall in the United States banking system. The immediate cause or trigger of the current crisis was the bursting of the United States housing bubble which peaked in approximately 2005–2006. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, sometimes small and medium-sized enterprises) or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are companies whose level of personnel is below certain limits. The abbreviation “PYMES” is used in the European Union and in international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations […]

ABSTRACT Climate change poses uncertainties to the supply and management of water resource, temperature increases also affect the hydrologic cycle by directly increasing evaporation of available surface water and vegetation transpiration. Consequently, these changes can influence precipitation amounts, timings and intensity rates, and indirectly impact the flux and storage of water in surface and subsurface […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and first cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide with a world number of new cases estimated at 1,384,155 in 2008. [1] Its worldwide prevalence is still on the rise [2, 3] and nowadays breast cancer is considered to be […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY The development of any nation depends to a very large extent on the caliber, organization and motivation of its human resources. In the specific case of Nigeria where diversity exerts tremendous influence on politics and administration, the capacity to increase the benefits and reduce the costs of this diversity […]

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to investigate how Nurses in Nigeria can increase the depth of knowledge and understanding of HIV/AIDS among Nigerians. The sample of the study was one hundred and three randomly selected nurses of General Hospital,Annua,Uyo,Akwa ibom state,Nigeria. An instrument tagged “Questionnaire on knowledge of HIV/ AIDS Pandemic (QKHP)” designed by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to The Study The study of human rights and human rights violations are broad areas of concern. Inquiries into human rights, prison and prison reforms have assumed a new dimension and attracted great attention and currency in the world today. This is because the issue of human rights and prison […]

                                                         CHAPTER ONE                                                         INTRODUCTION   BACHGROUND OF STUDY Waste is defined as materials of solid or semi solid character that the possessor no longer considers of sufficient value to retain (Gilpin, 1976).The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation ( 2007 ) also defined solid wastes in simple words as any discarded (abandoned or […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  The exponents of scientific management Taylor (1911), and his followers – maintained that the basic motive of man at work was economic. Money was seen as a principal motivation instrument. While the motivating power of money and material rewards could not be ignored, emphasis later shifted from […]

CHAPTER ONE   1.0   INTRODUCTION   1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY   Over the years, irregularities have been the problems of commercial banks. The term irregularities are used to refer to intentional distortion of financial statement and misappropriation of assets for whatever purpose. Fraud is one type of irregularities. Fraud, in auditing guideline, is used […]

CHAPTER ONE:   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY   Flooding is a general temporal condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry areas from overflow of inland or tidal waters or from unusual and rapid accumulation of runoff (Jeb and Aggarwal, 2008). Floods are the most common natural disasters that affect societies […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The world has witnessed an alarming increase in the frequency and severity of disasters. A global overview by Swiss Re (2016) stated that there was a total of 353 catastrophe events in the world in 2015 out of which 198 were natural disasters and 155 man made.  […]

ABSTRACT Family planning is an important preventive measure against maternal and child morbidity and mortality. It is an essential component of primary health care and reproductive health. There is relatively high fertility rate in suburban and rural Nigeria despite the efforts of government and other non-governmental family planning services providers. Even though the fertility rate […]

ABSTRACT This study was on factors affecting effective accident investigation and reporting in workplace, a case study of RCC Construction Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria. The paper analyzed the issue by considering common risks and dangers in the construction sites, risk control measures, effective accident investigation procedure and reporting and factors militating against effective accident […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1           Background to Study A bookshelf is a device with partitions use for the purpose of save-guarding books and files in offices, libraries and at homes. A bookshelf can be wooden, metal or glass.  They could also be design in such a way that they could be dismountable or undismountable.  In our […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Performance measurement in practical and theoretical areas has received increasing attention in recent years. Beyond the limits of management accounting literature, several areas have contributed to the development of current knowledge, namely, organizational theory, operations and production management, strategic management and finance. However, most of these areas […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Employees needs a comfortable environment for high performance. Flexible business hours are tailored according to the type, line and structure of the organization. The flexibility of work enable employees be satisfied and hence low job turnover. 1.1.1 Flexible Working Arrangement Flexible business hours are actually emerging issues […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study The agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy has contributed immensely to rural development, industrial materials, food security and non-oil foreign earnings. Prior to the discovery and commercial exploitation of crude oil in the late 1960s, agriculture accounted for a significant contribution to the national export; improvestandard of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study A unique selling point (USP, also seen as unique selling proposition) is a feature that differentiates a product from its competitors, such as the lowest cost, the position, the highest quality or the first-ever product of its kind or nature. The unique selling point is a marketing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Since the introduction of the plastic pay card in 1946 by John Biggins, a banker in Brooklyn, the use of cards have steadily grown to large numbers. According to the U.S. Census Bureau there were 159 million credit cardholders in the U.S. in 2000, 173 million in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Reading, one of the most fundamental building blocks of learning, is a process that requires the use of complex thought processes to interpret printed symbols as meaningful units, and to comprehend them as a thought unit in order to understand a printed message (Aina, Ogungbemi, Adigun, & […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Productivity is generally defined as the level of production in relation to the levels of resources used in a given period. These are the rates of production flows compared to the rates of flow of resources, such as inputs used for land production (Oyaide, 1994). Rice is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Several organizations including small and medium enterprises spend a significant part of their time, energy and resources chasing new business ideas. Even though it is important to replace lost business, grow the business and expand into new markets, one of the primary goals is to keep existing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Prepaid systems refer to the disbursement made by a consumer for the use of a good or service before consumption. In the case of electricity, the peculiarity of the prepaid system is the inversion of the conventional marketing system: while in the latter, consumers have consumer credit […]

                                                           CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                      INTRODUCTION           1.0         Background of the study   The expanding need for building of all kinds, coupled with a tight financial supply has offer  the construction industry with a large challenge to cut cost.   According to Mendelson and Greenfield (1996) the remaining part of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY An organization is effective to the degree to which it achieves its goals. An effective organization will make sure there is a spirit of cooperation, sense of commitment and satisfaction within the sphere of its influence. People are not only an indispensable component but also an integral part […]