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ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS AND JOB SATISFACTION TOWARDS CARING FOR TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS IN EDO STATE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL
Abstract
This study delved into the perceptions and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals engaged in end-of-life care, specifically within the confines of Edo State Specialist Hospital. Employing a quantitative survey research design, data were systematically collected from a sample size of 120 respondents. A structured questionnaire was meticulously crafted to elicit information concerning the perceptions of healthcare professionals, their levels of job satisfaction, and the various factors that influence their experiences while attending to terminally ill patients. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS27 software, allowing for both descriptive and inferential analyses to be carried out. The statistical tool of choice, the t-test, was applied to evaluate hypotheses aimed at uncovering relationships between different variables. These hypotheses primarily sought to ascertain the diversity of perceptions among healthcare professionals, the potential correlations between job satisfaction and available support/resources, and the impact of workload and stress on overall job satisfaction levels. The findings from this study revealed nuanced insights into how healthcare professionals perceive their roles and the level of job satisfaction they experience in end-of-life care contexts. The t-test outcomes pointed towards significant variations in perceptions among respondents, influenced by factors such as their level of experience, training background, and the support systems accessible to them. Notably, a positive correlation emerged between job satisfaction and the adequacy of resources and support, highlighting the critical role of organizational backing in enhancing healthcare professionals’ contentment and fulfillment in their roles. In sum, this study adds substantial empirical evidence to the existing knowledge base regarding healthcare professionals’ perceptions and job satisfaction within end-of-life care settings. The utilization of a quantitative survey methodology, coupled with robust statistical analyses facilitated by SPSS27, enabled a thorough examination of the research objectives. The conclusions drawn from this study underscore the significance of tailored organizational support, continuous avenues for professional development, and effective communication strategies to bolster the well-being of healthcare professionals and elevate the standard of care provided to terminally ill patients in such critical settings.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Caring for terminally ill patients is a critical aspect of healthcare that demands a high level of compassion and dedication from healthcare professionals (Emanuel et al., 2020). In Edo State Specialist Hospital, this task is particularly challenging due to various factors such as limited resources, cultural beliefs, and societal attitudes towards terminal illness (Inghelbrecht et al., 2020). The combination of these challenges creates a unique environment where healthcare professionals must navigate complex situations while providing quality care to patients nearing the end of their lives.
Understanding the perceptions of healthcare professionals involved in caring for terminally ill patients is crucial for improving the overall quality of care in such settings (Hol et al., 2022). These perceptions can vary widely among healthcare workers, influenced by their backgrounds, training, and personal experiences (Freeman et al., 2020). By exploring these perceptions, healthcare institutions can identify areas for improvement, implement targeted training programs, and provide better support to their staff members.
Job satisfaction plays a significant role in the effectiveness of healthcare professionals in caring for terminally ill patients (Farsides, 2020). When healthcare workers feel satisfied and fulfilled in their roles, they are more likely to provide compassionate and empathetic care to patients (King & Jordan-Welch, 2023). On the contrary, low job satisfaction can lead to burnout, decreased productivity, and ultimately, compromised patient care (Kopala & Kennedy, 2020). Therefore, assessing and addressing job satisfaction among healthcare professionals is vital for maintaining a positive work environment and ensuring high-quality care for terminally ill patients.
One of the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in caring for terminally ill patients is the ethical dilemma surrounding end-of-life decisions (Lorenz et al., 2020). Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are contentious topics that can impact the perceptions and job satisfaction of healthcare workers (Özturk & Demirsoy, 2021). Nurses and other medical staff often grapple with questions of autonomy, ethics, and legal considerations in providing end-of-life care (Parpa et al., 2020). Understanding how these issues intersect with job satisfaction and overall perceptions is crucial for fostering a supportive environment for healthcare professionals.
In addition to ethical considerations, the cultural and societal attitudes towards death and dying also influence the perceptions of healthcare professionals (Riisfeldt, 2023). Different cultures have varying beliefs and practices regarding end-of-life care, which can impact the approach of healthcare workers (Naseh et al., 2021). Addressing cultural competency and providing training on sensitive topics related to death and dying can enhance the ability of healthcare professionals to navigate these complexities with empathy and respect (Huemer et al., 2021).
Furthermore, the availability of resources and support systems directly affects the job satisfaction and perceptions of healthcare professionals (De Bal et al., 2020). In environments with limited resources, healthcare workers may experience increased stress and challenges in providing optimal care (Emanuel et al., 2020). Adequate staffing, access to necessary equipment and medications, and supportive policies are essential factors in creating a positive work environment conducive to providing high-quality care to terminally ill patients (Riisfeldt, 2023).
Education and training also play a significant role in shaping the perceptions and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals in end-of-life care (Lorenz et al., 2020). Continuous learning opportunities, workshops on communication skills, palliative care training, and ethical decision-making can empower healthcare workers to navigate complex situations with confidence and empathy (Kopala & Kennedy, 2020). Investing in professional development not only benefits individual healthcare workers but also contributes to improved patient outcomes and overall satisfaction with care.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The care of terminally ill patients is a complex and sensitive area within healthcare, often fraught with challenges and ethical dilemmas. While there is existing literature on the perceptions and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals in various aspects of end-of-life care (Freeman et al., 2020; Hol et al., 2022), there remains a gap in understanding the specific challenges faced by healthcare professionals in Edo State Specialist Hospital in Nigeria.
One significant gap is the lack of studies focusing on the intersection of limited resources and its impact on healthcare professionals’ job satisfaction and perceptions in caring for terminally ill patients (De Bal et al., 2020). Edo State Specialist Hospital, like many healthcare facilities in resource-constrained settings, may face challenges such as shortages of essential medications, inadequate staffing levels, and limited access to specialized palliative care services. These challenges can significantly impact the quality of care provided and the morale of healthcare professionals.
Additionally, cultural beliefs and societal attitudes towards terminal illness in the Nigerian context are underexplored in relation to healthcare professionals’ experiences (Naseh et al., 2021). Nigeria, with its diverse cultural landscape, may have varying perspectives on death, dying, and end-of-life care, which can influence healthcare professionals’ approach and decision-making processes. Understanding how these cultural factors interact with job satisfaction and perceptions is crucial for developing culturally sensitive and effective care strategies.
Furthermore, while there are studies examining ethical considerations such as euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide globally (Emanuel et al., 2020), there is a need for research specifically focused on Nigerian healthcare professionals’ perspectives on these issues. The ethical landscape surrounding end-of-life care in Nigeria may differ from Western contexts, necessitating tailored interventions and policies.
Therefore, there is a pressing need for research that delves into these gaps to provide insights and recommendations for enhancing the quality of care, improving job satisfaction among healthcare professionals, and promoting a supportive and ethical environment for caring for terminally ill patients at Edo State Specialist Hospital and similar healthcare settings in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The following specific objectives were investigated:
- To assess healthcare professionals’ perceptions towards caring for terminally ill patients in Edo State Specialist Hospital.
- To evaluate the level of job satisfaction among healthcare professionals involved in caring for terminally ill patients.
- To identify factors influencing perceptions and job satisfaction among healthcare professionals in this context.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions were asked:
- What are the perceptions of healthcare professionals towards caring for terminally ill patients in Edo State Specialist Hospital?
- What is the level of job satisfaction among healthcare professionals involved in caring for terminally ill patients?
- What factors contribute to healthcare professionals’ perceptions and job satisfaction in this context?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were tested:
- Healthcare professionals in Edo State Specialist Hospital do not have varying perceptions towards caring for terminally ill patients, influenced by factors such as experience and training.
- Job satisfaction among healthcare professionals caring for terminally ill patients is not positively correlated with support from colleagues and access to resources.
- Factors such as workload and emotional stress does not negatively impact healthcare professionals’ job satisfaction in caring for terminally ill patients.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study aims to fill crucial gaps in understanding the perceptions and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals caring for terminally ill patients, with a specific focus on the context of Edo State Specialist Hospital in Nigeria. By shedding light on these aspects, the research intends to contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge concerning end-of-life care in resource-constrained settings like Edo State Specialist Hospital.
One of the primary contributions of this study will be providing insights into the challenges and experiences faced by healthcare professionals in such environments. This includes exploring the impact of limited resources, such as shortages of essential medications, inadequate staffing levels, and limited access to specialized palliative care services, on job satisfaction and perceptions. Understanding these challenges is crucial for developing targeted interventions and policies that address the unique needs of healthcare workers and improve the quality of care provided to terminally ill patients.
Moreover, this study seeks to delve into the influence of cultural beliefs and societal attitudes towards terminal illness on healthcare professionals’ perceptions and job satisfaction. Nigeria, with its diverse cultural landscape, may have varying perspectives on death, dying, and end-of-life care, which can significantly shape healthcare professionals’ approaches and decision-making processes. By examining these cultural factors, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how cultural context intersects with job satisfaction and perceptions, thus guiding culturally sensitive care strategies.
Furthermore, the study aims to explore ethical considerations surrounding end-of-life care, including discussions on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide within the Nigerian healthcare context. These ethical dilemmas often pose significant challenges for healthcare professionals and can impact their job satisfaction and overall well-being. By examining healthcare professionals’ perspectives on these issues, the study can contribute valuable insights into developing ethical guidelines, training programs, and support systems that align with Nigerian cultural and ethical frameworks.
The findings of this study have practical implications that extend to healthcare policies, training programs, and interventions. By identifying the specific challenges and needs of healthcare professionals caring for terminally ill patients, policymakers and healthcare administrators can tailor policies and allocate resources effectively. Training programs can be designed to address gaps in knowledge, communication skills, and ethical decision-making, enhancing healthcare professionals’ capacity to provide compassionate and effective care.
Additionally, interventions aimed at promoting job satisfaction, mental well-being, and resilience among healthcare workers can be informed by the study’s findings. Creating a supportive work environment, providing adequate resources and support systems, and implementing ethical guidelines aligned with cultural values can contribute to enhancing the overall quality of care and ensuring the well-being of both patients and healthcare professionals.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on healthcare professionals working in Edo State Specialist Hospital involved in caring for terminally ill patients. The study will consider factors such as perceptions, job satisfaction, work environment, support systems, and challenges faced by healthcare professionals in this specific context.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Perceptions: Refers to the attitudes, beliefs, and opinions of healthcare professionals towards caring for terminally ill patients.
Job Satisfaction: The level of contentment and fulfillment experienced by healthcare professionals in their roles related to caring for terminally ill patients.
Healthcare Professionals: Includes doctors, nurses, and other medical staff directly involved in patient care.
Terminally Ill Patients: Refers to patients with advanced or incurable diseases requiring palliative care.
Edo State Specialist Hospital: The designated healthcare facility in Edo State, Nigeria, where the study is conducted.
Work Environment: The physical, social, and organizational context in which healthcare professionals perform their duties.
Support Systems: Resources and mechanisms in place to assist healthcare professionals in managing their responsibilities and addressing challenges.
Challenges: Factors or obstacles that impact healthcare professionals’ ability to provide optimal care and experience job satisfaction.