COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
CHAPTERS: Chapter 1-5
|
DOC FORMAT: MS WORD/PDF
|
PRICE: ₦5,000
Introduction
Availability of land for disposal of municipal waste via land filling is getting scarce nowadays. Landfills have created various problems such as ground water contamination and uncontrolled emission of landfill gases causing an explosion. All these problems resulted into the unwelcome of landfill by the communities all over the world. Landfill sitting becomes one of the problems being confronted by the waste management planners due to the current permitting and sitting requirements and also its operations. Besides that, an escalating environmental degradation and awareness, increasing cost, community and political opposition, increasing of population densities, shortage of land availability and public health concerns also contribute to the difficulty of choosing suitable land for landfill (Daneshvar, R.et al., 2005, Mahini, A. S. et al., 2006, Sener, B. et al., 2006 and Siddiqui, M.Z. et al., 1996).
Therefore, in a landfill siting process there are many factors that must be taken into consideration and carefully evaluated. As a result, the most suitable site to be selected should cause minimum impacts to the environment, society and economy as well as conforming with the regulations and generally accepted by the public. However, it would be time consuming and tedious to implement such a complex procedure by using manual processing approaches (Kao et al., 1996). In addition, there are numerous data to process and sometimes it might be repeated for several times till the best site is found.
Site selection analysis can be improved by using GIS. GIS is a suitable tool for site selection since it has the capability to manage large amount of spatial data that comes from various sources. Kao et al., (1996) pointed out that large amount of spatial data can be processed using GIS and thus, it potentially saves time that would normally be spent in selecting an appropriate site. While Daneshvar et al., (2005) claimed that GIS is an ultimate method for preliminary site selection as it efficiently stores, retrieves, analyzes and displays information according to user-defined specification. However, GIS can be limited by the existing sources of data needed in siting analysis.
Nowadays GIS has been used as a tool in a landfill site selection analysis. GIS provides the decision maker with a powerful set of tools for the manipulation and analysis of spatial information. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), it is possible to process a huge amount of spatial data in short time and so the screening process is much easier. GIS can help to reduce remarkably the areas that have to be examined on the site, although the final decision has to be taken after field studies.
Five Advantages of Using GIS to Manage Landfill’s Subsurface Data
GIS can be used in so many ways to manage and analyze landfill operational issues. These are;
- GIS helps you efficiently manage data and files for site assets
Weier_GIS1I am frequently asked how to manage all the files for assets, and by this I mean logs, images, and spreadsheets for wells, probes, horizontal collectors, control devices, leachate sumps, etc. My biggest recommendation is to leverage the capabilities of a database. The reason is simple – you get better data management, analytical, retrieval, and recovery capabilities, plus less paper clutter in your office. By converting your spreadsheets to tables in the database, and creating maps from those tables, all of your logs, images, (and even videos) can be attached to your site assets in the database. For instance, a boring log and images for well “EW-23” will be attached to the well “EW-23” point on the map and can be quickly retrieved via the asset on the map, using either the “Identify” tool or the “Pop-up” tool as shown in the picture.
- With GIS, you can quickly retrieve map features using data queries
Weier-GIS2Often times map users will find features on the map first, then click on the feature to identify its properties or to retrieve a file attached to the feature. But what if you don’t know where the feature is located or you are having difficulty finding it on the map? With GIS and its underlying data, you can select data using a query. For example, if you are looking for well “EW-23”, you can easily run a query on the data table for well “EW-23” and let the software find the location for you. When the software finds well “EW-23”, it will be highlighted (light blue on image). Then, use the “Pop Up” tool (as shown above) to see the data and the attachments(s) for the features.
- GIS offers visual identification
Weier-GIS3Visually representing data in a spatial context is another advantage of using GIS. The picture shows how to use the values from a field in the wells table, stored in the database, for an easy and quick visual identification of active versus decommissioned wells.
- See things in 3D
Weier_GIS4_3D_LF-featuresWhen a map reader uses a two-dimensional (2D) map, he or she needs to interpret locations of assets on the map with other documents (for example, a well schedule, including depths), or a lot of labels that, when placed on a map, can quickly make the map difficult to read. In either case, the map readers need to visualize the data themselves. Visualizing assets in 3D, however, the viewer can manipulate any axis of the model and see the assets from any perspective. The viewer can also “fly through” the model, which lets you see assets deep inside the landfill. This provides a better understanding of the site, locations of assets, spatial relationships, as well as the ability to perform analyses in 3D.