CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY There is no gainsaying the fact that the essence of language is communication. Many attempts have been made to describe what an effective communication is. One issue that runs through all the attempts is the area of meaning generation as a pivotal factor for an effective […]

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION  Language is an instrument of thought or concept which gives clear and vivid meaning of human expression for the purpose of human interaction.  In any speech community, if there must be interaction, language must be in use.  Human language is said to be communicative when language users are able to use […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      Background of the study Inconclusive election has been a hydra-monster on Nigeria electoral process this is so due to many factors which attribute to the origination of the word inconclusive election. Prior to 2015 general election, the term inconclusive election was not a popular slogan in Nigeria. The word inconclusive election became […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The history of political godfatherism is traceable to the colonial epoch through independence era, military interregnum and towards the restoration of democracy in Nigeria in what came to be known as the fourth Republic in 1999 following the terminus of military junta. The staggering posture of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Foreign policy has become a useful component that defines relations between and amongst states. Generally, we may say, a country‟s foreign policy thrust bottles the totality of the acts, strategies and manipulations by a given state in her process of launching her domestic resolve in the international […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Previously, voting for general and local elections is done by electors with voting papers and voting boxes in which the voting papers are placed. This method reveals some kinds of negative situations. Not been able to determine which party the stamp belongs to, the probability of placing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Women attempting to enter into politics in Nigeria face numerous obstacles. Those who have aspired to office must often deal with a lack of funds to run an effective campaign, a discriminative use of party zoning, low education and a slew of cultural and religious barriers. The […]

Abstract The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of inconclusive election on the credibility of electoral process in Nigeria. But for the successful completion of the study the researcher intend to achieve the following sub objective in other to aid decision making; to ascertain the causes of inconclusive election in Rivers […]

ABSTRACT The idea of pet projects by Nigerian former first lady Mariam Babangida was borne out of the fact that there was need for them to help in the administration of the  nation and to also aid in assisting her husband. This project extensively analyses the impacts and achievements of  Mrs. Mariam Babangida’s pet project […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. Though history has it that fewer women have been in power even before colonialism. Instances are the Queen of Daura, the Sarauniya of Zazzau in pre-jihad, the Angwu Tsi who was almost the counterpart of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria experience with democracy has been epileptic since 1960 when she got her independence from the British administration, 1999 will be the third attempt,(if the third republic is excluded as it was abolished even before it started) in coming to grasp with democratic ethos. In each, practices […]

ABSTRACT The main aim of the research work is to find out the relationship between good governance and rural development, the research work made use of primary data obtained from the research questionnaires distributed among 200 respondents in Egbeda local government area of Oyo state, the chi-square and the pearson correlation were used for the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY As our faces are different so is our vision and methodology; all the presidents Nigeria has had have their own goal before becoming the president of Nigeria; these differences ranges from the time of general Sani Abacha to the time of Buhari; all these are still for the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Nigeria is a nation with great vision and plans to the growth and development of its economy. President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan assumed the office as the president of Nigeria on 29 may, 2011. So many has happened in his regime; the president (Goodluck Ebele Jonathan) with his team […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Empirical and conceptual literature acknowledged corruption to be a universal quandary for both the developing and the developed economies. The United Nations Global programme against corruption (UNGPAC) equally acknowledged corruption to be “abuse of power for private gain”. The government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 2014 […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The traditional ruler ship in the early era of Nigeria community which keep to the laws and norms of the society and the governance of the traditional rulers created mutual relationship between the citizen and the leaders. Expressing strong concern for community development and mandating sanitation, meet […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background of the Study Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta is situated in the south of Nigeria and centers on the natural delta of the Niger River. All of Nigeria’s oil production takes place on the land or waters of the nine oil producing states comprising the extended delta region. (Some of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The use of card readers at the 2015 general election in Nigeria has infused some level of transparency and credibility into Nigeria’s electoral process (Okonji, 2015). It was observed that when the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) first announced its plan to introduce card reader machine for […]

TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page         –           –           –           –           –           –           – Approval Page –           –           –           –           –           – Declaration      –           –           –           –           –           –           – Dedication       –           –           –           –           –           –           – Acknowledgement       –           –           –           –           –           – Abstract           –           –           –           –           –           –           – Table of Contents        –           […]

TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page         –           –           –           –           –           –           – Approval Page –           –           –           –           –           – Declaration      –           –           –           –           –           –           – Dedication       –           –           –           –           –           –           – Acknowledgement       –           –           –           –           –           – Abstract           –           –           –           –           –           –           – Table of Contents        –           […]

TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page         –           –           –           –           –           – Approval Page –           –           –           –           –           – Declaration      –           –           –           –           –           –           – Dedication       –           –           –           –           –           –           – Acknowledgement       –           –           –           –           –           – Abstract           –           –           –           –           –           –           – Table of Contents        –           –           […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study     Housing is a crucial basic need of every human being just as food and clothing (Aribigbola, 2006:53). It is very fundamental to the welfare, survival and health of man (Fadamiro et al, 2004). Hence, housing is one of the best indicators of a person’s standard […]

CHAPTER ONE                                       INTRODUCTION 1.1        Background of the study The local government system implements the ideals, objectives, programs, and aspirations of the national government at the local level. Local government is the agents as well as the arm of the government at the local level but not a substitute for national government. It merely serves as […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The co-ordination of the system, people, and the polity is the responsibility of government who is the  custodian of the sovereignty of the entire citizenry which collectively and willingly they have submitted to it in return for peaceful and meaningful co-existence propelled by law and good government. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background of the Study Violent conflict is a great predicament in any human society, and most times, it is predictable. While history shows that conflict is ubiquitous and often useful element in human relations and may occur within and among individuals and groups, violent conflict is rarely productive. In the […]

CHAPTER ONE                                    INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the study According to Jega (2007), in the Nigerian context, democracy is something much talked about, greatly aspired and strenuously struggled for. It is a set objective pursued with apparent vigor but not yet attained. It is an aspiration clearly cherished by many but is far from being […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The louts of sovereignty by various polities that dotted Nigerian landscape at the beginning of the twentieth century and the subsequent amalgamation of 1914 that tried to create a nation out of the multi-cultural and political institutions, the evolution of acceptable government at the centre most especially […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Leadership is a very important issue in any society and organization. Most organizations particularly the public sector organization has been described performing below expectation because of the quality of leadership they enjoy. Leadership is vitally important at all levels within the society. Leadership is the moral and intellectual […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria as a sovereign nation operates a federal system of government i.e the federal government, state government and the local government councils. Onwo (1992) Observed that each level of the three tiers of government derive its powers not from the magnanimity of the central government but […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It has been observed that the way to have good and safe government is not to trust it all to one, but to divide it among many, distributing to every one exactly the function he is competent to. This is why local government as the third tier […]

ABSTRACT This project research work describes and analyses the structure of Nigerian government and politics between 1999 and 2007 in other to improve the understanding of the operation of government and politics in Nigeria. The research also observed that the Nigerian Political System is a federal republic with a presidential system, and that the constitution […]

ABSTRACT In a federal system like Nigeria, local governments are close to the grass root and hence can be effective socially, economically   and politically. Apart from providing and maintaining basic infrastructures, local governments can complement the economic activities of other levels of government. The activities of the National Directorate of Employment, for example, or the […]

ABSTRACT This project research work describes and analyses the structure of Nigerian government and politics between 1999 and 2007 in other to improve the understanding of the operation of government and politics in Nigeria. The research also observed that the Nigerian Political System is a federal republic with a presidential system, and that the constitution […]

ABSTRACT The research topic on EFCC and fight against money laundering in Nigeria between 2013 and 2016 aimed at determine the effect EFCC participation on the alleviation of money laundering in Nigeria. the study looked at the concept of money laundering and some theories to back it up, the primary data was used for the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Election is an integral part of a democratic process that enables the citizenry determine fairly and freely who should lead them at every level of government periodically and take decisions that shape their socio-economic and political destiny; and in case they falter, still possess the power to […]

ABSTRACT This project examined the menace of political godfatherism, one of the major internal factors hindering the advancement of the democratization process and development of Imo state in order to validate Rostow thesis. The study employed the descriptive approach and therefore collected its data from secondary sources. Moreover, the study examined the two opposing models […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Man by nature is a political animal. This suggests that man is both gregarious and solitary. Politics focuses on ‘who gets what’, ‘when and how’. It determines the process through which power and influence are used in the promotion of certain values and interests (Lasswell, 1977). To […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The use of card readers at the 2015 general election in Nigeria has infused some level of transparency and credibility into Nigeria’s electoral process (Okonji, 2015). It was observed that when the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) first announced its plan to introduce card reader machine for […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      BACKGROUND OF STUDY Democracy is a system in which the government is controlled by the people, and in which people are considered equals in the exercise of that control. However, unequal access to political finance contributes to an uneven political playing field. Campaign financing has been a major concern in Nigeria. Significant […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. Before the arrival of British colonialists, the area now known as Nigeria was inhabited by peoples who belonged to different empires, kingdoms and societies, which were traditionally administered. The relationship between these various entities was characterized by much […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY The Nigerian state assumed a new governance status in 1999 following the demise of authoritarian regime in the country. Military dictatorship was replaced by representative democracy with the hopes and aspirations of good governance much higher than what the seemingly collapsible democratic institutions could fulfill. The source […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Presently, the crisis of development is the most serious problem facing Nigeria and Africa as a whole. This is because the country has remained largely underdeveloped despite the presence of huge mineral and human resources. Several decades after the end of colonialism, most parts of Africa with […]

ABSTRACT Federal character was adopted in Nigeria to ensure that no group or section suffers imbalance or marginalization of any kind. However, it implementation had been fraught with criticism by scholars and public servants who see it as an instrument of favouring some sections against others. It had been linked to the high level of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Richard A. Joseph… is usually credited with first using the term prebendalism to describe patron-client or neopatrimonialism in Nigeria. Since then the term has commonly been used in scholarly literature and textbooks. The Catholic Encyclopedia defines a prebend as the “right of member of chapter to his share […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria is richly endowed by providence with human and material resources critical for national development and advancement. However, since gaining political independence, Nigeria has continued to meander the path befitting failed, weak and “juvenile” states. A state that had very great prospects at independence and was touted to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Contrary to the prevailing practice among most social scientists and other students of society (like lawyers, historians and philosophers) who claim or make a pretense at objective, values-free analysis and explanation of any social phenomenon. I openly acknowledge that all attempts to explain social reality, or […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The Nigerian political process prior to the year 1999 has been dominated by military rule, but with the introduction of democratic rule after several years of political subjugation or  hostage in the hands of the military, the political process seem to be under threat with the emergence […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The development of political parties in Nigeria dates back to the days of the struggle for political independent in the late 1940s, when the nationalists were at the pre-independence and post-independence periods. In the pre-independence and the early post independence periods, political parties in Nigeria were not ideologically […]

ABSTRACT This research work that analysis on the impact of public opinion on public policy in Nigeria from 2010-2012 while narrowing it down to the economic policy of deregulation or fuel subsidy removal of 2012. Broadly divided into five chapters, the work breakdown how governmental decisions are being influenced by the opinions of the people […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY To highlight some significant event and developments in response to a review of Nigeria experience as a nation state, it is intellectual to present a brief survey of the part to understand the distinct phases through which the nation passed to arrive at its present political state […]

ABSTRACT In an attempt to develop and improve the standard of living and eradicate poverty in Asari – Torm local government area this study was carried out, it highlighted public policy and grass root development in Nigeria, with a critical appraisal of the National Poverty Eradication Programme. The programme uses personnel, money and material resources […]

ABSTRACT This project is borne out of the desire to make a modest contribution to the quest for a political stability in Nigeria. It analyses the role of resource control agitations and its implication on the Nigerian federalism, while the south – south serves as a case study. It provides a background with an introduction […]

ABSTRACT The continued bombings, killings, kidnappings and the destruction of property by Boko Haram have become of great concern to the Nigerian government and the international community. The activities of Boko Haram have effects on the economy and the people. This paper examines the implications of the operations of the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast […]

EFFECT OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF NIGERIA POLICY ON SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study The problem of political instability on implementation of Nigeria policy on secondary education cannot be fully comprehended without briefly highlighting the circumstances and environment within which education system functions. Education cannot be divorced from politics […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Africa as noted by Chaplan (1966), “is an important strategic arena in contemporary world politics”. Osuntokun (1999) argues further “being the most populous black country in the world, Nigeria is being compelled to shoulder willingly and unwillingly the leadership of the black world.  This led to Nigeria’s […]

ABSTRACT Prior to 1861 when Britain annexed Lagos, governance in what is known as Nigeria revolved around Traditional rulers.  There is no doubt that traditional rulers in Nigeria have witnessed the erosion of their powers.  This political scenario had elicited so many arguments among stakeholders and traditional rulers on their role and relevance in the […]

ABSTRACT This study examines, investigates, and surveys opinion of Nigerians on some of the factors that influence party and party system development in Nigeria, using data elicited from the three Senatorial Districts of Edo State, Nigeria.  The exercise was embarked upon against the background of widespread desire of Nigerians for the country to attain the […]

ABSTRACT The discourse of godfatherism had so much influenced the socio-economic and political life of the nation especially in the fourth republic. It had gained much attention at the present time as a result of its need forms of articulation. It has become almost impossible for an individual to hold political office either by appointment […]

ABSTRACT Godfatherism has become an attribute in modern day Nigerian politics which could either foster democratic stability or retard democratic progress. This study hopes to bring to a clearer understanding, the nature and prevailing characteristics of godfather/godson relationship, the dimension it has assumed in recent times and how it has shaped and influenced the adult […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background to the Study Blood and tears are the ink with which the events and history of the presence of oil in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, will ever be written. This could be attributed to a certain class of people that had continued use the instrument of the state to […]

ABSTRACT This project is basically on the politicization of religion in Northern Nigeria and its effects on the Nigerian federalism. The essence of this study is to look at how religion is politicized in Nigeria and suggests possible ways of resolving its attendants problems on Nigerian federalism. The study is carried out using both the […]

ABSTRACT The study is to appraise the role of government in poverty alleviation in Nigeria with a special reference to National Poverty Eradication Programme NAPEP. The research introduces the background of the study in chapter one and brief historical background. Some of the objectives of this study is to identify the impact of NAPEP in […]

ABSTRACT Writing on a project topic like ‘combating corruption in Nigeria; case study of the EFCC has presented numerous challenges, bearing in mind that not very many people are aware of the scope of responsibility being handled by the ant -graft body. The journey takes one through in the first  instance the creating of an […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. Though history has it that fewer women have been in power even before colonialism. Instances are the Queen of Daura, the Sarauniya of Zazzau in pre-jihad, the Angwu Tsi who was almost the counterpart of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In 2002, an international observation proclaimed the Niger Delta as one of the most volatile regions of the world. This observation came on the heels of incessant crisis which the region have been witnessing for decades but which took alarming dimension in loosing years of the 1990’s and […]

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of private agencies in the promotion of mass literacy campaign in Oredo Local Government Area. Private agencies was seen as playing a complementary role with the government agencies in mass literacy crusade aimed at eradicating illiteracy from the locality and the society in general. The instruments used for gathering […]

ABSTRACT It is because of social issues like economic inequalities, unemployment that made the state to interfere in economy of Nigeria. Government chose public sector as a means or medium for economic and social development due to poor managerial skill, weak technological base etc, this enhanced the zeal to establish various enterprise institutions in Nigeria. […]

ABSTRACT In this modern age of development, political inequality between men and women has always been an important issue of concern. This is so because of the realization that the marginalization of a segment, race or particular sex in the society has far – reaching implications on the development of that society. Nigerian society and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Corruption has destroyed the basic concept of the Rule of Law in Nigeria. In Nigeria the law has lost much of its operational force as people breach the law with impunity. The concept of the Rule of law is fast becoming a mantra in the Country as […]

ABSTRACT Democratic governance is a desired system of government that offers the electorates the dividends of democracy. It is a system where the freedom, rights and privileges of individuals are respected and upheld and the nation experiences national growth and development. This study was undertaken to examine the role of Non-governmental organization in democratic governance. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the Study National security is a premise for national economic growth and development of nations. This is because peaceful nations attract foreign investors while the domestic investors freely operate the economy with little or no tensions and apprehensions. The deteriorating security situation in Nigeria is worrisome. Recently, Nigeria has witnessed […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study #EndSARS started as a call for the disbandment of Nigeria’s Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS), a unit of the Nigerian Police Force that has earned notoriety for its brutality and human rights violations. The hashtag was first used in 2018 to raise awareness of allegations of violence and […]

ABSTRACT This Project work was based on the role of public Relation in conflict management between oil producing communities and oil companies.  The study was however contained to two major oil companies namely, the Shell petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and the Port Harcourt Returning Company (PHRC).  In addition, Eleme Local Government Area Ikwere Local Government […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0   INTRODUCTION The concept cooperative development is a package of development programs, it is defined as the process of propagating cooperative movement as an organization framework through veritable instruments for the utilization and sensitization of man. This situation optimizes the integrated enterprises approach to the people living in both urban and mainly in rural […]

ABSTRACT The known features of the present Nigerian socio-economic situation is that high cost of living, how per-capital income and deterioration of social infrastructural and welfare. This trend caused by hazard and inefficient management of national economy has been in existence since independence. Government efforts in the past have failed to redress this issue. Consequently, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0     INTRODUCTION Abia State is one of the states that was created in August 1991 by General I. B. Babangida. The head of state inherited a total number of 3.758 cooperative societies from Imo State. But this figure increased immensely as a result of individual desires and government encouragement together with the benefit […]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is twofold: to explore the legal framework for the fight against corruption in Nigeria, and to offer some reform measures for the reduction of corruption in the polity. It is hopeful that the public sector will become more efficient and effective if the recommendations delineated in this analysis are implemented. This […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Transparency and accountability are critical for the efficient functioning of a modern democracy and for fostering social well-being. In most societies, many powers are delegated to public authorities. Some assurance must then be provided to the delegators, that is, society at large, that this transfer of power is not only effective, but also […]

ABSTRACT Over the last quarter century, many developing countries have turned towards electoral politics. Democracy indicators for Sub-Saharan Africa made substantial gains after 1990 at the end of the Cold War. At the same time, political rights and civil liberties have mostly remained stuck around the middle of the scale. Even if they have implemented […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The concept of politics constitutes those activities which relates to the governance of a nation. It entails making decisions which affects the people of the society (Rod Hague, 2013). It also means attaining a position and exercising the power of   governance over a given society or nation. It is […]

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative. A survey method was used for the study 310 respondents were included in the study. They were member of Kaduna refinery petrochemical company (KRPC). A 18 item questionnaire was used for the study. The questionnaire was based on five likert scale. Three research […]

ABSTRACT The project on the influence of EndSars protest on political interest of Nigerian youths. The project aimed at investigating the influence of EndSars protest on political interest of Nigerian youths, determining the relationship between endsars protest and political interest of youths and finding out if the political interest of youths is gender-based. A total […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Civil unrest is a common feature of social life in all types of societies. The scale, trend and patterns of civil unrest vary across societies and periods (Alemika1997). The prevalence of civil unrest both locally and internationally has manifested a lot of devastation in human civilization. Civil […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study The Nigerian presidential election has long been the greatest symbol of democracy in the country, from the Nigerian independence in 1960 through the conflicts and brief reign of the militaristic regime, to a return to civilian presidency with President Seun Shagari’s term in 1999. The year 2003 saw […]

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to examine the effect of terrorism in developing countries: it’s significance to development and progress a case study of Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of terrorism on the economic development of Nigeria. The study also examine the activities of the terrorist groups in Nigeria from 2012 to […]

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to examine the military and nigeria politics: an assessment of the domination of the military of the nigeria political space 1999 to 2015. Specifically, the study examine the historical antecedent in Nigeria from 1966 to 1976. the study also investigate The role of military rule in transition to democracy […]

Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Content List of Tables ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Objective of the study 1.4 Research question 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Scope of the study 1.7 Limitation of the study 1.8 Definition of terms CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the study From the earliest time of human history people have enjoyed and shared together the good tidings of nature because of the presence of communities and the social activities performed by the people for the advancement of their community, which is better called Community Development  (CD). The notion of […]

ABSTRACT The focus of this study is to examine electoral malpractices on democratic consolidation in the fourth republic. The researchers adopted historical and descriptive methods. Information was sourced from secondary data collated from journals, articles, library materials and internet sources which are related to the study. Findings from the study revealed that electoral malpractice  in Nigeria […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Transparency and accountability are critical for the efficient functioning of a modern democracy and for fostering social well-being. In most societies, many powers are delegated to public authorities. Some assurance must then be provided to the delegators, that is, society at large, that this transfer of power is not only effective, but also […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Social Networking have already transformed the national political landscape. In his 2008 presidential campaign, Barack Obama pioneered the application of big data and microtargeting on social media, improving his chances of winning the presidency. More recently, a record number of women, Muslims, and people of color got elected […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the study The interrelated freedoms of communication, expression and association are at the heart of any free, democratic society based on the rule of law.Freedom of expression, the free flow of information, and freedom and pluralism of the media have internationally been acknowledged as human rights in the post-Second World […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY When a country’s institutions deteriorate, warlords, terrorists, and other perpetrators seize power and use violence against civilians from other nations, as the terrorist attacks in New York, London, Madrid, Nigeria and Mumbai demonstrated.When a situation threatens national security, Nigeria act on their own initiative. However, in order […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study From the dawn of the 21st century with a terrible acceleration in recent years, there has been a continued increase in verified reporting of the killings, rapes, mutilations and abductions of Christians in Nigeria. Houses, churches, towns, and agricultural fields are often set on fire during these […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In a country with mixed economy like Nigeria, the government and the individual are managing the economy together. This means that people, groups and the three levels of government are free to start businesses. The three lowest levels of government include the local government, the state and […]

ABSTRACT The study provides insight into the dynamics of the relationship between political instability and the banking sector in the context of emerging markets. The importance of assessing the political instability of companies investing in emerging markets has increased significantly with the increasing rate of investors. It is used to manage political instability and decision-making […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In Nigeria the practice of preserving land for exclusive use by livestock existed prior to colonial times. Allocation of grazing grounds to pastoralists around towns and villages for use particularly during the cultivation season were socially sanctioned (Waters-Bayer and Taylor-Powell, 1986). However, since there was no legal instrument […]

ABSTRACT The project on the influence of endsars protest on political interest of nigerian youths. The project aimed at investigating the influence of endsars protest on political interest of nigerian youths, determining the relationship between endsars protest and political interest of youths and finding out if the political interest of youths is gender-based. A total […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In Nigeria as in most of the developing world, citizens are often confronted with myriad threats and challenges on their well-being and survival. These include poverty, high rates of unemployment, violence, brutality, deprivation of resources, lack of opportunity, marginalization and the denial and suppression of basic rights […]