CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the study The growth of modern technology and the ever changing complex nature societies of the world have revolutionalized the way and manner information gathering and dissemination is carried out. Citizens, with this development, have utilised the opportunity created by modern technologies in satisfying their quest to keep abreast of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The maxim ubi ius ubi remedium expresses an important legal principle. This means that “if there is a right, there is a legal recourse”. In other words: “The existence of a legal provision presupposes that there is a competent authority to grant an appeal if this rule […]

Abstract Agitations for state creation are almost as old as the Nigerian nation. The more states that are created, the more the problem they are intended to solve persists. Just as the exercises enfeeble the constituent units vis-à-vis the federal government so do they detach the units one from the other. The state creation exercises […]

Abstract The oil rich Niger-Delta region of Nigeria has been embroiled in crisis between the government forces and some militants elements that are aggrieved over certain fundamental issues affecting the region which has lead to peacelessness. Since the last two decades, militants have fought with government forces, sabotaged oil installation taken foreign oil workers hostage […]

ABSTRACT This research work is centered on the impact of unemployment on criminal activities in Niger Delta region of Nigeria using Cross River State as a case study. The study adopted the survey research design. A total of 450 research subjects were drawn from the target population using the stratified and random sampling technique. Frequency […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      Background of the study The Igbos are traditionally village people, with social system comprising hundreds of small clans and villages. Among than, it is the family, the title holders, the village head etc that carryout the administrative functions of the society (Okoye, 1980:4). There have been many attempts to trace the origin […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction Federation implies the existence of more than one level of government in one country each with different expenditure responsibilities and taxing powers. Nigeria is a federation consisting of states and federal capital territory, federal government, 36 states and 774 local governments. Among the different levels of government, fiscal arrangement ought to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The UN Security Council authorizes peace operations by an affirmative vote of nine of the fifteen members without a veto from the five permanent members: the United States, China, France, Russia, the UK. The Security Council has authorized more than fifty peace operations in the years since […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0      INTRODUCTION: 1.1              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The greatest hindrance to development especially in the third world countries has been attributed to corruption and insecurity. Aliu (2010), observed that people in high places are corrupt because of greed. His view tend to have wider support as most people feel that the resources available in these […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Corruption is unarguably one of the most topical issues in the discourses of the deepening crisis and contradictions of post-independence Nigeria. The level of attention devoted to it ·may not only be due to its rapid and unprecedented expansion to all facet of human Endeavour and its […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The increasing nature of insurgency, terrorism, arm robbery, kidnappings, corruption and ethnic crisis etc in Nigeria constitute a devastating threat to security to life and property. Lack of security of lives and property of the citizenry is a severe hindrance to meaningful development. A climate of fear will […]

ABSTRACT This research presents the results of the assessment of retirement benefit administration in Lagos state. The population for the study consists of 100 pensioner which were randomly selected, Data were gathered using a self -constructed questionnaire and the result gotten was analyzed using the simple percentage method.  The validity and reliability of instrument were […]

ABSTRACT This research presents the investigation into the effects of civil servant idscipline on work productivity, the Nationa Revenue Authority in Freetown was used as the location for the study and a total of 100 staff was sampled. Data was gathered using a self -constructed questionnaire and the result gotten was analyzed using the simple […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study One of the major problems confronting the world is corruption. It has become one of the symbols of popular discontent across the globe. Corruption is not in any way a new development. In fact, it is tempting to say that corruption is simply a part of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1         Background of the Study Over the past decades, man countries have gained experienced with referendums, citizens forums, citizens’ hurries, collaborative governance, participatory budgeting and other models in which citizen have a more direct say (Nwayawun 1999). Most people would view this as a positive development. Citizen’s participation is usually considered a valuable […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0                                           INTRODUCTION 1.1                                BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Gender incongruity in politics is a worldwide phenomenon, literature abounds showing that the level of women’s participation at the highest level of political activity accounts for their invisibility in the top positions of power. Locally and internationally, such low representation cut across countries with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The nature of conflicts in the world has changed dramatically since the end of the Cold War to the extent that conflicts between or among nation-states have reduced significantly, while the trend is that conflicts have increased within nation-states due to intense struggle for power and scarce […]

ABSTRACT Godfatherism has become an attribute in modern day Nigerian politics which could either foster democratic stability or retard democratic progress. This study hopes to bring to a clearer understanding, the nature and prevailing characteristics of godfather/godson relationship, the dimension it has assumed in recent times and how it has shaped and influenced the adult […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY While in theory the nexus between FDI and growth (in terms of output and productivity) is in general positive, the empirical literature is far less conclusive. Some studies find positive effects from outward FDI for the investing country (Van Pottelsberghe and Lichtenberg, 2001; Nachum et al., 2000), but […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1             BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY The concept of intergovernmental relations is associated with states having a Federal Administration system where the relationships between the Federal, Central or National Governmental and major sub-national unit (province, region or state) is formally spelt out in the constitution.  Intergovernmental relations have been seen as […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background of The Study The rise of political parties as an instrument of national intergration has captured the attention of many scholars in recent times. Their common purpose enables Appadorai (2004:537) to formulate his classical definition of political party as “A political party is more or less organized group of citizens who […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Political participation refers to the direct or indirect involvement of the citizens of a country in the governance of their country. Political participation can be broadly divided into two, namely, conventional and unconventional political participation (Efemini 2013). Conventional political participation is concerned with one’s involvement in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the study The history of the 20th century is full of examples that demonstrate that violence resistance against unjust power systems, dictators or external occupation is likely to generate further violence as was seen for example, in the Russian and Chinese revolutions and decolonization wars in Africa and Asia (Alexander, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background of  the study Nigeria is a plural society with different cleavages in terms of ethnic, religious, cultural, linguistic, as well as geo-political, social and economic development, but ethnic heterogeneity is inarguably, the most pervasive of them all (Vande, (2012). The development of Nigerian Federalism as a dynamic process can best […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to the Study Africa has been the most vulnerable and most externally threatened region in the world. She has experienced brutal, exploitative and oppressive form of colonialism; and this has left negatively impacting legacy on the African continent. Since the 1990s, the sub region West Africa has become home […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Governance is imperative for the social, political and economic progress of every country and is indispensable for the achievement of the noble objectives of a state (Fabbrini, 1995; Oburota, 2003; Ogundiya, 2010). Governance is viewed in terms of process and structure. Thus, Gill (2002) views it as the processes, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria has witnessed the transition from the military regime for a quite long time to a democratic system of government since the year 1999, Nigeria failed to resolve its ethnoreligious and political violence which contributed to the weakening of democratic governance and national integration. As a multi-ethnic […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY National security borders on incidence that endangers human existence or welfare (Ali, 2013). Nigeria’s national security means the protection of the lives, rights, dignity and property of its citizens (Ibagere, 2010). It is also the protection of its resources, cultural integrity, territory, sovereignty and lawful institutions […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria‟s president won the 2011 federal government election on the ground well of popular support, and the promise of a transformation agenda. There have been a number of visions and policies pursued by previous Heads of Governments of Nigeria, either under the Military or Civilian regimes in […]

ABSTRACT This research is on the issue of Ethnic Militia and National Integration in Nigeria with the activities of the movement for the actualization of the sovereign state of Biafra as a study case. The issues of ethnic Militancy and National Integration have become subject of recurring decimal since Nigeria returned to democratic rule in […]

ABSTRACT This study examined the globalization and the problems socio-economic development in Nigeria. The researcher therefore, reviewed the existing literature on the implications of globalization on the socio-economic development of Nigeria. Thus, the concept of globalization as well as some components of Nigerian’s developmental strides and its impact on the third world economy was critically […]

ABSTRACT This research studies Good Governance and conflict resolution in Anambra state with focus on the Umuleri and Aguleri communities’ experience. Both communities were engulfed in intractable conflicts over the ownership of Otuocha land. Aside the contest over land, both communities have been engaged in the reconstruction of their history with each claiming to be […]

ABSTRACT This study analyzed how online news media covered the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria. The aim is to establish the level of attention different parties received, portrayal of the parties and direction of reports. Three online media Viz: Sahara Reporters, Scan news and Premium Times were purposively selected. The period of the study was […]

ABSTRACT The INEC, as an instrument of processing democratic ideals and structures, is hopefully, expected to be a truly independent body that personifies the ideals of transparency, impartiality, accountability and responsiveness. This worldwide trend known as democratization has made the issue of election a crucial political imperative. Nigeria’s experience with electoral politics has over the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Leadership and followership are mutual activities of great influence to national development in all parts of the world. In Nigeria, after her independence in 1960, Nigeria moved from Parliamentary system of government to Presidential system of government, she has experienced both civilian and military regimes yet, her […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1         Background to the Study In this era of globalization, entrepreneurship has an important role to play in employment generation. The experiences of developed economies in relation to the roles played by entrepreneurship buttresses the fact that the importance of entrepreneurship cannot be over emphasized especially among the developing countries.  The quintessence […]