CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Over the past century, continued world population increases have raised concerns about food security. World Bank (1986), defined food security as access by all people to food of adequate quantity and quality consistent with decent existence at all times. The World Food summit in 1996, described food […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY By definition distribution strategies is concerned with those efficient channel arrangement used to make goods and services available to customers, also intermediaries and marketing and marketing channel structures to be selected to move product in the most competitive and efficient manner to satisfy customer’s needs and want. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In the global world where Nigeria is a great player, caution is always observed in consumables, especially food intakes. This is most keen in advanced countries than in the less advanced, where Nigeria belongs. In the former, the people are more aware, discernable and educated than the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A successful marketing management is about making decisions that are customer driven, taking into consideration the changes in consumer taste/behaviour while evaluating the different strategic alternatives available, to make sure that any choice made must satisfy the need of the consumer, motivate and influence his buying decisions. […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In today’s business and marketing environment, a lot of problems are inherent, and distribution bottlenecks receive increasing emphasis. The task of matching the technical excellence of mass production with parallel progress in mass distribution becomes crucial, as any confronting management customers cannot enjoy the benefits of mass production […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Social Health Insurance (SHI) is a health sector financing alternative to the cash-and-carry system that had been in operation in the past. The health burden in countries world over has continued to escalate. The most vulnerable are the poor while the wealthy are the healthier. This means […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Firms in less competitive industries have pursued the objective of profit maximization singularly, and have had some measure of success at least in the short-run. But economic and business realities in the competitive world have shown that ability of business organization to achieve their profit objective depends […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1.1 Background of the Study Palaniappan and Ramachandraiah (2008) posit that public relations came into prominence when Thomas Jefferson in 1807 used the phrase Public relations in place of State of thought while writing his seventh address to the US Congress and also traced the word public relations to India, where […]

ABSTRACT This study is based on the assessment of corporate social responsibility practices of the indigenous manufacturing companies in Enugu Metropolis in Enugu State. This study was conducted based on the issues and agitations that surrounded the Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility by some business organizations in the Enugu metropolis even where the practices are […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Every business firm is involved in series of relationships. The consumer is at the end of this relationship chain. This relationship is facilitated by Marketing. There are four major tools employed in Marketing and they include Product, Price, Promotion and physical distribution. A guiding philosophy in marketing, the marketing […]

Abstract The major purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the amnesty programme by Nigerian government to the Niger Delta militants on crude oil exploration in Niger Delta and also, look at the implication to crises management in public relations. Six research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. […]

ABSTRACT Marketers (in various industries) are enunciating multifarious marketing strategies, policies, and activities that can give them competitive advantage over other firms in their industry, and individual impact of the various strategies cannot be known unless studied. This research is therefore spurred to undertake this study in order to unveil the impact promotional strategy has […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study There are diverse definitions of social public relations (SPR), ranging from the traditional definition to the modern definition, all in line with the evolutionary practice of public relations. In our context, social public relations (SPR) is defined as the applications of public relations principles, models and strategies […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION In Nigerian today, there is an influx into the market, of fake machine parts, fake motor spare parts, fake chemicals, fake adulterated food items, amongst many others. It may appear that almost every existing product has a fake counterpart. According to Mba (2005:176) the era 19852004 in Nigeria has heralded the […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study To compete in today’s global markets, organizations strive to deliver their products (physical) and services (intangible) in both an efficient and effective manner. In service supply chain, human labour forms a significant component of the value delivery process and physical handling of a product leads to standardized […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study The distribution function is one of the marketing variables in the marketing mix. It is therefore, a marketing function, which aims at getting goods and services from the manufacturer to the ultimate consumer, transferring titles and physically moving the products in the process (Adirika, 2001:193). Distribution […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Cost – Volume – Profit analysis is a useful tool in understanding the inherent relationship between Cost, Volume of operation and profit. Don and Jack [1991:223] described Cost – Volume – Profit analysis as “a method of estimating how changes in unit variable cost, Unit Sales Price, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The Internet has glocalized almost the entire human activities, creating new and innovative ways for people to shape and share their identity, and express themselves (Neogy, 2008:70). The impact of glocalization has been felt much in marketing in such areas as E-advertising, E-payment, E- etc. But the […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Industrial firms are very important component of any developing nation due to economic and social benefits they confer on the nation, which include aiding the government in achieving its economic and social objectives such as creation of employment opportunity, simulation of indigenous entrepreneurship, improvement of Gross […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of Study Business uses various promotional methods to communicate with individuals, groups, and organizations much like product, price, distribution and promotion make up the marketing mix. Promotion is one of the marking mix elements. Skinner (1990) defines promotion as the marking activities used to communicate to a target market, positive […]

ABSTRACT This study comparatively evaluated customer services in government and privately owned broadcasting organizations. It determined whether customer services exist in NTA and AIT, customer services of NTA and AIT meet up with the expectations of their customers, job specification customer services in NTA is similar to AIT, NTA and AIT evaluate the performances of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY To survive in the banking business effective public relations is inevitable. Gone are the days when some banks thrived because the customer had no choice. The situation today is that the bank must convince the customer, to attract his patronage. In other words, customer satisfaction has become a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Public Relations could be looked at from a variety of perspectives. The perspective that is emphasized at any point in time will reflect the orientations of the people involved and the uses they want to put it into. But in doing so, there are some universally accepted […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Effective marketing decisions are based on sound information. This is true whether the decision is by a consumer on which brand and model to buy, or a marketer (producer) on the number, characteristics of the models to offer, as well as time of introduction of the new […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study The crises in the oil and gas industry, nationally and globally, have necessitated this study. The crises emanating from pipeline vandalisation, oil spillages, devastation of the environmental, restiveness in the host communities and kidnapping of oil workers, have called to question, the effectiveness of Corporate Reputation Management […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Sales promotion is one of the four aspects of promotional mix or marketing mix, (the other three parts of the promotional mix are advertising, personal selling, and publicity/public relations). Sales promotion includes the media and non-media marketing communication mix or tools employed for a predetermined, limited time […]

ABSTRACT In assessing the effectiveness of marketing communication tools in the Nigerian telecommunications industry, attempts were made to: determine the extent marketing communications were applied by the telecommunications industry in providing service information; examine the degree the application of marketing communication by the telecommunications industry increases customers’ awareness of its service; determine the effect of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Before now, politicians were contended with publicity, i.e getting their views reported in the press with their photographs. This illustrates the narrow path which politicians follow before the emergence of modern public relations practice. The modern public relations practitioners complying with the new trends of packaging for […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Developing and marketing new products are very important for profitability, survival and growth of companies. To develop and market new products, correct approach must be used to ensure that the new product does not fail in the market. A product has to go through proper planning, implementation control […]

ABSTRACT The worrisome level of poverty and understanding how to reduce it has been the major thrust of all development plans in all economies. The poverty incidence was 31.1% in Enugu State in 2004. Information is power and development communication is a veritable tool for fighting poverty. Information and communication must be strategic enough to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 Background of the study The female executives that are working in banks today making use of this opportunities, not only to support the family financially, but rather took the job to set a new bench mark and improved themselves to be equally good. .Adeyemo and ogunyemi (2007), explains that staff has […]

Abstract The banking industry went neck-deep into adoption information technology as tool for improving banking services. It was in realization of this that this evaluation study was carried out, to ascertain if the adoption of ICT has actually improved banking services or not. Nigeria introduced a structural adjustment programme (SAP) in 1986 to restrict not […]

ABSTRACT The study carried out an empirical evaluation of the Marketing Communications Campaigns (MCC) used by Nigeria (CBN) to execute the Nigerian banking sector reforms in the period 2004 – 2007. The study became perennial distress in the Nigerian banking sector which was traced to poor capital base/seeming ineffec Bank’s MCCs used to inform, remind […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The World Bank (2000) World Development Report defines poverty as an unacceptable deprivation in human well-being that can comprise both physiological and social deprivation. Physiological deprivation involves the non-fulfillment of basic material or biological needs, including inadequate nutrition, health, education and shelter. A person is considered poor […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.9 INTRODUCTION In Nigeria, commercial banks in the past were not market oriented; all their efforts were directed at selling what they (the commercial banks) can offer rather than what the customers actually needed. This insensitivity to the need of the customer (market) was what Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, CBN Governor (2011) was referring […]

ABSTRACT. This research work appraises the effectiveness of different Promotional strategies and tools adopted in the marketing of consumer goods in Enugu (with special reference to Hardis and Dromedas Ltd Emene, Enugu). These Promotional tools, when adequately and correctly adopted create the needed awareness on the product and equally facilitate their marketing. The objective of […]

ABSTRACT In the face of dwindling foreign exchange earning from Crude Oil due to the global oil glut, the Federal Government of Nigeria was forced to revisit the abandoned non – oil sector of the economy for extra revenue Non- Oil sector was the major foreign exchange earner before the discovery of oil in the […]

ABSTRACT The need to have standard hotels in Enugu Urban cannot be over-emphasized. This is because of the part they play in the socio-economic growth of the town. They assist travelers coming into the city in the provision of comfort and other facilities to residents of the city. In order to lend support to the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The whole concept of a bank revolves on public confidence on the banks ability and willingness to deliver on its obligations. This confidence which is reposed on the bank is not an object to be trifled with. Indeed it is very serious as the bank, the government […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Following the full liberalization of the Nigeria telecommunications industry in year 2000,several mobile telecom companies were licensed, these included, Econet, now Airtel , Mtel, now moribund and MTN and consequently GLO and Etisalat. Given the increasing number of players in the market, competition has become very stiff […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) concept has been largely regarded as an important marketing management issue since the beginning of the last decade because of the effectiveness of the integration of marketing communication tools for example, advertising, public relations, direct marketing, sales promotion, and personal selling to optimize […]

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In his first Consumer address to the United States Congress in America in 1962, the then American President, J. F. Kennedy, spelt out four basic rights of the Consumer, they include:- 1. The right to Safety The right to be Informed The right to Choose and The right to be Heard Should […]

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study is to investigate and carryout an “Assessment of the distribution strategies of A-Z Petroleum products Ltd in distributing its products to her numerous customers nationwide. This study will enable the researcher to ascertain the degree of product availability, measure its significant effects on the distribution strategies of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Agriculture is a major sector of the Nigeria economy. From the nation’s earliest days, Agriculture has held a crucial place in the Nigerian economy and culture and plays an important role in the society; the provision of food through agriculture is man’s first priority for his continuous […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The shift toward recognizing the importance of human capital in the industrial age has led companies to change their paradigms about employees’ management. Successful companies no longer see employees as resources whose primary function is to provide goods and services. Instead employees are seen as critical to […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study The contemporary society is characterized with globalization and competition, because most consumers are exposed to alternative product and these propel business organizations to employ the most effective methods, strategies and programmes in producing and marketing their products and services. In a bid to produce and market these […]

ABSTRACT The fundamental objective(s) of most businesses is primarily to maximize profit(s) without any regard to the threat posed on the environment due to their multifarious businesses activities. This insatiable and inexhaustible quest for profit maximization is been brought under strict scrutiny and great criticisms. Over the years, various stakeholders have indeed opined that businesses […]

1.1 INTRODUCTION Sales promotion had been adopted by business firms and marketing practitioners long before the coming of Europeans to Nigeria in 18th/19th centuries. As a matter of fact, many business firms had been using sales promotion in marketing their goods and services to Nigerian consumers before the coming of the Europeans to Nigeria, and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Nigeria as a developing country is known for producing and marketing of primary products. Its agricultural sector plays a significant role in the economy. It employs a high percentage of the labour force, and accounts for over a quarter of the GDP in spite of the dominance […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The American Heritage Dictionary of English language (2009) defined housing as a building or other shelter in which people live. Throughout recorded history, mankind has been concerned with the provision of adequate shelter and the development of safe and comfortable physical environment in which to live. Ademuliyi […]

ABSTRACT The consumers have varied influences that affect their buying decisions and among these are the pricing tactics and strategies of the marketing firm. Most consumers are utility maximizes; many of them always look for value-to-cost when they make buying decision. In some situations, consumers extensively involve in haggling in order to justify economic value […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Growth of Marketing Education in Nigeria (A Study of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria) Marketing is that pervasive field of study in which the nation’s developmental needs rely yet it is the most neglected managerial function in Nigeria. Little wonder why the Nigerian nation has not achieved […]

ABSTRACT This study undertook a critical appraisal of the customer care practices of selected major supermarkets in Enugu state. The aim was to ascertain their customer-friendlines and attention to customer, level of promotions to customers complaints; their level of pre-sales and after-sales services; their level of appraisal of customer needs and general policies practices. Five […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It is stated that for any organization to remain viable, it must be responsive to the changing environmental variables. These variables are economic social, culture, legal, and technological forces. However, in this work or study our concern is basically the technological environmental forces, hence the topic “influence on […]

ABSTRACT In the theory of marketing and consumer behavior, the concept of social class has been one of the external factors that influence consumer/buyer behavior. This reveals that the market behaviors of individuals are closely related to their social class. To this end, social class determines the purchase pattern and brand preference for similar social […]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work on the area of recruitment and motivation of salesforce resulted from the over increasing problems of recruitment exercise coupled with the concern and means of achieving predetermined goals through increased efficiency and level of productivity on the part of the salesforce. The objectives of this study are, to […]

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of word-of-mouth communication on consumers’ choice of selected products in Nigeria. To this end, the study investigated the effect of word-of-mouth communication on consumer purchase behavior and into factors that induce it and to see if there is any significant difference between word-of-mouth communications and other marketing communication tools. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Nigerian Hospitality industry started during the colonial area, with the establishment of rest houses by the colonial administrators at various district areas in Nigeria. Government records shows that by 1923 and 1931, European rest houses at Port Harcourt and Lagos were established respectively (FGN, 1989:67). The […]

ABSTRACT The study investigated physical distribution and customer satisfaction in Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) Plc in Enugu State. Companies in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) sector, especially those in soft drink industry are facing increasingly fierce competition. As it becomes more difficult for the companies to compete on pure product level, creative ones are […]

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION Development, with respect to countries can be examined from various perspectives, depending on the countries involved For instance, the meaning attached to it by the developed countries could be different from that of the developing or less-developed countries. This, therefore, suggests that there is not likely to be an […]

ABSTRACT This study considered the effects of cost reduction and price determination, a case study of Dangote Cement Factory Obajana, Kogi State. Cost control is an indispensable tool in management as it aids organization to attain their corporate objectives of profit maximization. This study reveals the cost structure in manufacturing type, cost control adopted to […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The success of any organization depends largely on whether the organization recognizes the most crucial aspect of business, that is, the customers or consumers satisfaction. Consumers satisfaction is said to be the cornerstone of marketing concept (Kotler, 1975). Marketing tends to mean different things to different […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Advertising business is a form of marking communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers, or history’s, sometime a specific group to take or centime to take some action, (Allens, 2009p12). Most commonly, the desired results is to drive consumer behaviour with respect to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The role of logistics and distribution system as a marketing function cannot be over-emphasized. As a marketing function, logistics and distribution system aim at moving products from their point of inception to their point of consumption. To this end, managing logistics and distribution system according to Ogunsiji, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to Study In examining the effect of franchising on brand equity with emphasis on the soft drinks industry, it becomes obvious that often times, Growth, Profitability and Size are the three major variables that characterize a progressive organization. The vision and mission statement of most organizations reveal their aspirations towards […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background/Overview of the Study: It has been advocated that trades advance the economy and society and intend to be the best measure of social, economic development and standard of living. The first organized trade fairs in Nigeria tagged “made in Nigeria exhibition” was held as far back as 1953. The forum was […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to Kotler and Keller (2006:589) in J.O. Nnabuko’s article in Journal of Marketing Research vol. 2.2007 opined that business organizations need to grow their revenue over time and this is done through new products developments and expansion into new markets. Since existing products of firms are […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In today’s competitive business environment, private, public and non-governmental organisations are increasingly making effort to build high quality workforce operations; this is driven by the fact that employees leave their jobs either on a planned or unplanned basis. As a result, management succession planning has been seen […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In the wake of political independence in 196os, the indigenous political leaders sought to institute a responsible and people –based government different from the ruler-ship and traditional institutions which existed before the colonial era. The independence constitution being the second schedule to Nigeria independence Act 1960 passed […]

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of pricing strategy of selected food manufacturing companies in Southeast Nigeria on their patronage. Therefore, to achieve the goal of this study through previous studies identified the factors involved in the issue, variables such as price bundling, product line pricing, and demand pricing were identified. This is informed by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Corporate image is the perception of corporation, an institution or government which exists in the minds of its various publics. According to R. Trench (2009:3), corporate images typically can be fashioned fairly quickly through specific actions and well-conceived communication programs, whereas reputations evolve over time as a […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The complex nature of the business world, couple with economic, social and environmental inequalities have raised the issue of community relations and corporate image. From time immemorial, organisations have tried in one way or the other to be identified by the community where they are operating. This […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study  Over the past few decades in Nigeria, there has been an increase in the use of sales promotion tools by marketers in attempt to achieve, and maximize their marketing objectives. Whatever the product, sales promotion has found its usefulness in one direction or the other. This is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study: Over the years, the image of Nigeria and Nigerians (that is, how our external publics see us) has been quite negative. The image of Nigeria and Nigerians has a lot of implications on our social, economic, technological and political success or failure as a people. This is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Advertising has tremendously changed from what it used to be in the past decades (MacDonald, 2002:599). Nearly everyone in today’s world is influenced to some degrees about what new advertising and other forms of promotion are especially in the dynamic and revolutionary changes of the new era […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The economy of any nation depends to a great extent on the production and distribution of finished goods and services with physical distribution as the pivot of the operations. Over the years, physical distribution has been widely discussed in marketing literature by academics, professionals, and other agents […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study.  A study of insurance history reveals that insurance practice arose from the need to protect against certain perils at each stage of human development. A contract of insurance in the widest sense of the term may be defined as a contract whereby one person called the insurer, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The popular saying that “Health is wealth and a healthy nation is a wealthy nation” form the basis of this research study. Thus, the issue of good health today has been of paramount concern to everyone in the society, especially as it has been asserted and proved […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Research in dividing information into packets and switching them from computer to computer began in the 1960s. The U.S department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded a research that created a packet switching network known as the ARPANET. ARPA also funded a research project that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of Study Corporate Sponsorship Promotion is the fastest growing marketing communication strategy. The growing demand and practice of this strategy by organisation is as a result of the growing influence of marketing communication as a one stop strategy in creating sustainable demand and excitement for an organization’s product and services. […]

CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Violent identity based inter communal conflicts are no longer new to Nigeria. Since the eighties Nigeria has witnessed an upsurge in the occurrences of such conflicts. Most of them have traditionally occurred in the north of Nigeria. From the early nineties, these outbursts also began to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Advertising is a powerful marketing communication tool used by companies to fulfill the promotional task. It is an impersonal form of communication or presentation of goods, ideas, or services conducted through paid media under open or identified sponsorship. All about advertising is a sponsor sending a message, called advertisement, through one or […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Nwankwo (1992:1) defined government as a body of persons and institutions or agencies that make and enforce law in a given state. Flowing from this adumbration is the fact that government must be coup0led with powers. Thus, arose the notion of power and its separation. Power is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Nwankwo (1992:1) defined government as a body of persons and institutions or agencies that make and enforce law in a given state. Flowing from this adumbration is the fact that government must be coup0led with powers. Thus, arose the notion of power and its separation. Power is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The term “the Stock Market” is a concept for the mechanism that enables the trading of company stocks (collective shares), other securities and derivatives. Hence, the purpose of Stock Exchange (also called the Exchange) is to facilitate the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, thus providing […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Following the past distress in the banking and finance industry in Nigeria, the new generation banks are now refocusing their strategic marketing activities on the customer services. The customer services entail ensuring the satisfaction of the customers, through aggressive marketing techniques. The banks are now fully […]

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the assessment of the impact of Image Laundering Programmes of Nigeria Police Force on Nigerians: A Study of South-East Geo-Political Zone. It empirically examined the perceived failures or otherwise of image laundering programmes and policies initiated by successive leadership of Nigeria Police Force. The study investigated the veracity or otherwise […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Public relations is the task of goodwill creation directed in building harmony between an organization and its environment through mutual understanding based on truth and full information. “It is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its public, (Anyafo, 1999). Public relations […]

ABSTRACT This study explored the role of social media in the communication management of local governments with Ahiazu Mbaise Local Government Area as case study. Social media is changing the world in which we work and govern. From twitter to eBay, Facebook to you Tube, new tools are emerging every year that place the connecting […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  Pipeline transportation is the newest among the other means of transportation in South East, Nigeria. Much attention has not been given to it owing to the following factors; firstly, it is relatively a recent origin secondly, its’ operations and services are not in the lands of private […]

ABSTRACT This study is on the effects of marketing in some selected small-scale industries in the south-east of Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to: Examine the effects of the poor state of infrastructure on the development and sustainability of the sector, examine the effects of insecurity on the field sales operations of small-scale […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study The term, “the Stock Market, is a concept for the mechanism that enables the trading of company stocks (collective shares), other securities and derivatives. Hence, the purpose of Stock Exchange (also called the Exchange) is to facilitate the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, thus, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1INTRODUCTION Nigeria has emerged as the fastest growing telecommunication market on the African continent. The telecoms industry has experienced a dramatic increase in telephone lines from about 10,000 new lines per annum between 1960 and 2000, to 1 million new lines per annum in the last three years. With a total of 2.8million […]