CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1        BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Teachers’ supervision is a continuous activity that tries to improve teaching by providing them with the services they need. Improving education is a complicated process in which a variety of variables must work together. The teachers are at the heart of this process of growth and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Industrial training practical was founded in 1973 by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), which has maintained its headquarters in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, since since (ITF and UNIJOS, 2011). It bridges the gap between theory and practice, allowing students at Nigerian tertiary institutions to gain technical skills […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Because of the difficulties that the Directorate of Inspection was experiencing, principals were tasked with the responsibility of instructional oversight inside the schools. Several commissions on education have examined and given suggestions on how to enhance and maintain high-quality education in various contexts. The commissions […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is impossible to place enough emphasis on the significance of getting a good vocational education in modern-day Nigeria. Borishadee (2022) characterized vocational education as the launchpad that is intended to raise Nigeria’s standing in the council of nations. This according to Jiboku (2022) made the observation that […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1    Background to the Study The significance of education is evident. Education is considered essential to empowerment. Consequently, it is essential to national growth. According to Good (2020), as mentioned in Omegun (2019), education is the sum of all procedures by which a person acquires talents, attitudes, and other types of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Teaching is a complicated system that influences what happens in classrooms via the interplay of components such as instructors, students, curriculum, the local environment, and others (Stigler and Hilbert, 1998). Rubenstein (2004) advocated for teaching as a difficult and time-consuming job. The knowledge foundation that underpins mathematics […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study The term “medication” refers to the practice of taking pharmaceuticals with the purpose of preventing, diagnosing, or treating disorders. When an illness is reported to the doctor at the hospital or clinic, the doctor makes a diagnosis and then prescribes the necessary medications to relieve the ailment. […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1     Background to the Study Corruption has become a powerful influence in the education industry globally, not just in Nigeria. Though it was a late addition to the list of topics covered in corruption studies, corruption in education has become a worldwide hot topic. The dimensions of corruption in environments […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The significance of intact parenting in any given culture cannot be overstated, and they are without a doubt the most important critical determinants essential for the growth and development of every kid. Hoover-Dempsey, Walker, Sandler, Whetsel, Green, Wilkens & Closson (2005), Redding, (2006), and Nyarko (2010) all […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It is stated that in the kingdom of the blind, one eyed man is king, and this was true during a period when formal schooling did not have much significance for the typical African. Holders of standard six as a higher level of elementary education were held […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary (2018) defines “issues” as anything that is difficult to successfully manage or comprehend. Practical, as defined by the Oxford advanced student dictionary (2018), is an ideal approach or plan of action that is correct or reasonable and likely to succeed. Work on the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Because of the effectiveness of education as a valuable instrument for all-around improvement in human experience, many civilizations, particularly in Nigeria, have established institutions that promote efficient and desired learning. In such institutions, the acquisition of meaningful knowledge is the primary objective of both learners and instructors, with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to popular belief, Adam Smith was the first author to publish a book entirely dedicated to the field of economics (Adebayo 2018). Adam Smith’s theories continue to influence modern economics in almost every conceivable way, and this is an indisputable reality. His extensive body of knowledge […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Lifelong learning is a constant process. It is the process of educating and developing people’s knowledge, skills, minds, and personalities. It is also the process through which people’ latent skills are developed in order for them to be valuable to themselves and society (Olaniyonu, Adekoya and Gbenu, […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1     Background to the Study Education enables us to grow each aspect of our life in society, as well as to use and optimize our potentials and talents in order to effectively contribute to the development of settings (Haruna&Onyebu, 2011). Education is often recognized as the cornerstone to civilisation and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Since their introduction in the late 1990s in Nigeria and other developing nations, mobile phones have become an indispensable part of everyday life and an useful source of information. The usage of mobile phones among young, especially students, has been revealed to be quite significant in many research […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The need to ensure that all children in Nigeria have access to an education of sufficient caliber prompted the Federal Government to re-establish the universal basic education system, which mandates that all children in Nigeria attend school free of charge and must do so from basic one […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study The form of education known as vocational and technical education is the kind of schooling that gives students the knowledge, abilities, and mindsets necessary to succeed in a certain line of work. According to Wenrich & Wenrich (2017), the phrase “vocational education” refers to a broad spectrum […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION. Background to the study. Language is one of the most helpful tools we have as humans, and it is fundamental to our survival. It has evolved into a vital means of communication across nations, cultural groups, communities, and friends. It assists in the overall development and grooming of one’s personality. It is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The finest gift that parents can leave their offspring is the opportunity to further their own education. The growth of the family is the first step in the development of the country. It is beneficial to society as a whole when families are successful in instilling moral […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1       Background of the Study The availability of certain inputs, both in terms of human and material resources, which are often referred to as the components of production, is necessary for the accomplishment of organizational goals, regardless of whether the goals are public or private. These aspects of production include […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Understanding what is going on with teacher pay is fascinating because in many nations, and Nigeria is not an exception, teachers’ salaries are often seen to be low and insufficient in comparison to those of other professions (Heckman, 1995). There are three conceivable consequences if this were to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study A policy’s objective is to ensure that an organization’s official actions have a foundation or support. “A policy is an overarching guide that establishes the basic bounds and direction in which administrative activity will take place,” says Terry Awolabi (1989). “A policy specifies the space in which […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study        The proliferation of information and knowledge has resulted in a rise in the number of problems that students need to address both inside and outside of the classroom. Students, in order to choose material that is more relevant and reliable, are need to exercise caution and cautious […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background to the Study Since the country’s independence, the secondary school system in Nigeria has been characterized by a high degree of discipline. The attitudes and behaviours of secondary school pupils were commendable and deserving of replication. Recent years have seen a precipitous drop in the high degree of discipline […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1Background of the study An applicant’s eligibility to be considered for admission into a Nigerian institution is contingent on meeting certain basic standards. He or she must first achieve five applicable credits in the senior secondary school certificate test, which must include English and, in certain cases, mathematics, as well […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In spite of the fact that business education is sometimes referred to as “education for and about business” (Nwosu, 2022), the major objective of this field of study is to train students for positions that pay a salary in the business sector. Whether an individual is […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Education is a kind of social service that is offered to the general population of a nation with the purpose of enlightening the people of that nation. The acquisition of skills is made possible by education, and this in turn permits the growth of a nation. In […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to the Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary of Current English, “contraceptives are drugs, devices, or practices that are used to prevent a woman from getting pregnant. ” 1 Even while this definition is comprehensive, it does not cover the use of condoms as a prophylactic step against […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1       Background to the study Academic performance is very essential in both school and the learning process. It is regarded as a crucial factor for assessing one’s complete potentialities and capabilities, which are commonly assessed via test results (Ayodele , 2018 and Yenagi& Osborne 2012). It is used to assess […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      Background to the Study Both men and women’s professional growth is divided into two categories: job choice and career adjustment (Betz, Muiz, 1994). The subjective context of an individual’s preferences, aspirations, images, and intentions is referred to as career choice. On the other hand, career adjustment refers to the objective context […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study At all phases of life, interest as a motivator for learning and living is essential. It may mean the difference between learning and not learning for children, partially because their interests shift. As a result, a child can develop an interest in a specific activity at any stage […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In the body of prior research, the potentials of information and communication technology, abbreviated as ICT, had been identified to ease the learning of students, improve teaching, and better institutional administration (Kazu & Yavulzalp, 2020; Kirschner & Woperies, 2019). It is now very necessary to make use of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Teacher, student, and curriculum are all important components in the educational process. The role of the teacher is critical in the process of teaching and learning. Learning cannot take place, no suitable information can be imparted, and no correct growth of each individual learner can take place […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of Study Assessment of students’ progress and eventual level of achievement is a critical component of every educational system. Formative testing is used in the teaching and learning process by breaking down subject matter content or a course into smaller hierarchical units for instruction; specifying objectives for each unit; designing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study To the layman, the physical world around us is a collection of “mysteries.” Nonetheless, these enigmas are being solved via science teaching. Science is defined strictly in this sense as an organized body of knowledge obtained from observation and experimentation. Ugochiwu (2009) asserts that science is primarily […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background of the study The recognized potential of technology to improve education has led to several initiatives to foster effective use and integration in the curriculum. As a new technology, the Internet offers the greatest promise for learning and universal access to high-quality education that humanity has ever known. The […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1        Background of the Study Any educational system’s worth and functioning are determined by its capacity to achieve educational objectives. The examination method creates a difference in educational systems all across the globe. If examination ethics is not fostered and implemented, the aims of national educational systems, and indeed national growth, become […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Education constitutes the very foundation of meaningful socioeconomic, political, and economic growth and development of any nation. Since the implementation of the national policy on education in 1981, there have been a lot of innovations and reforms in the education system. Unfortunately, education in Nigeria, despite these reforms […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION. 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The evolution of social work and attempts to promote social development may be considered as being intimately tied to the basic desire of people to assist one another in all prior human communities, which can be traced back to the beginnings of all human societies. Traditional cultures, notably […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The word “competence” originally appeared in a 1959 paper written by R. W. White, who used it to describe a notion for motivating performance. Over time, other academics have embraced the word “competence” and have begun to use it themselves (Darling Hammond, 2006). The term “competence” is defined […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1       Background of the study Sexual harassment in the workplace is a form of aggression against women, a violation of their human rights, and an offense that is incompatible with human dignity, according to the International Labor Organization. The prevalence of sexual harassment in society has increased at an alarming […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Oral expression of ideas, emotions, and feelings is known as speaking. It is one of the most significant abilities in the study of English. Other abilities, like as listening, reading, and writing, must, however, be taught all at once (Oradee Munir, 2012). This is comprehensible since […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to Study Many nations adopted the English language as a result of colonialism and other circumstances. English had been the language of commerce, interaction, and missionary endeavor as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century. Nigeria and Ghana, for example, utilize it as a national and international communication tool. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Academic performance of pupils has been a significant source of contention among teachers, parents, school administrators, students, and members of the general public. A number of studies have been conducted in an attempt to understand the complexity underlying pupils’ academic achievement. Psychologists have proposed a slew of explanations […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY At whatever level of education, the basic goal of teaching is to affect a fundamental change in the student (Tebabal & Kahssay, 2011). Teachers should use appropriate teaching approaches that best suit specific objectives and level exit outcomes to facilitate the process of information transmission. In contrast […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background To The Study Conflict is described as a disagreement between two or more people over an issue caused by unexpected behavior, a shift in attitude, or a denial of right (Mogbo, 2002). At this age, conflict between parents and teenagers might be the outcome of a chain reaction. […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Teachers are incredibly significant in the learning process of students who idolize and want to imitate teachers. Teachers are the heart of the world’s educational system, particularly in Nigeria. Teachers are thus at the forefront of the fight for national development. The National Policy on Education […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Science provides a collection of information that may be used to many types of human, material, and environmental problems. It may also be divided into two broad complimentary modes: the acquisition of information about the natural world via exploration and discovery endeavors, and the application of such […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the Study In human life, education is a constant process. It is the process of imparting, developing, and training people’s information, skills, abilities, minds, and character (Olaniyonu, 2008). Education is the process of people’ natural and latent potential being harnessed and explored for their personal growth in particular and […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Teachers are at the core of providing children with a high-quality education. They help students study and succeed academically so that they can reach their full potential and find fulfilling employment. Teachers and the quality of their instruction are now universally acknowledged as the most […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Success in business is a product of several elements, including the quality of human resources and infrastructure available to the organization’s administrators to organize the diverse resources and activities of the firm toward aim attainment via management. A effective coordination of institutional resources, including human capital and material […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Polytechnic education, which is part of the technical education programme at tertiary education level, leads to the acquisition of practical and applied skills as well as fundamental scientific knowledge. This type of education was aimed initially at evolving an educational system based on work and training. Polytechnics educate future […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The term kidnapping can be traced back to the 17th century United Kingdom, where infants “kids” of wealthy families were “napped” while at sleep for ransom (Tzanelli, 2006; Ibrahim & Mukhtar, 2007). As such, it is a criminally induced behavior that is not entirely a new societal challenge. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Climate change has become an environmentally threatening phenomenon. An effective strategy which can help tackle the issue is the concern and action by the human beings who are noted to be the main cause and affected by the problem. Public actions can only be likely where the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the study Scholars largely agree that education is a tool for speeding individual, societal, and national development. It serves as a catalyst for the generation of information and skills necessary for the society’s existence and sustainability. The Federal Government of Nigeria, in establishing higher institutions as agents of socioeconomic change […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Universities and college campuses are places where students live and study in close proximity to each other. They are also buzzing cultural hubs where students are brought together from faculties around the school. Recently, the foundations of this unique ecosystem have been impacted significantly by the rapid […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In the body of prior research, the potentials of information and communication technology, abbreviated as ICT, had been identified to ease the learning of students, improve teaching, and better institutional administration (Kazu & Yavulzalp, 2018). It is now very necessary to make use of information and communication technology […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the study The establishment of Universal Primary Education in the 1970s, followed by the Primary Education Development Plan (PEDP) in 2002, resulted in a fast growth of secondary schools in Nigeria. As a result of the growth of primary education (PE), a demand for post-PE has arisen, necessitating a sufficient […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Education is the transforming stone that allows a society to progress from one level of development to the next. Realizing the importance of education, governments at all levels have launched one or more programs to address the high degree of illiteracy, overdependence, and other issues hurting the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Sanitation is the sanitary method of maintaining health by avoiding human contact with waste dangers and treating and properly disposing of sewage or waste water. Inadequate sanitation creates dangers that can be physical, microbiological, biological, or chemical pathogens. Human and animal excreta, solid waste, home waste water (sewage […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technology) to improve and assist the teaching and learning process is referred to as e-learning. E-learning encompasses anything from how students utilize email to how they access course material online while taking a class on campus to completely online programs. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Due to a variety of causes ranging from social to political, technical, and economic, educational leadership in the modern day is undergoing tremendous shifts. Therefore, educational policymakers and administrators are confronted with the task of assuring the delivery of high-quality education that contributes to the achievement of educational […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Secondary school teaching and learning are rapidly changing; group work has become an essential emphasis in this period of pedagogical transformation (Burke, 2011). One option for group instruction that falls under the learner-centered approach is group work. It is an educational strategy that encourages student-to-student connection by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY There have been significant differences in students’ academic performance in introductory technology; many researchers have emphasized the importance of students’ attitude variables as performance predictors, indicating that student attitudes and interests may play a significant role among students studying introductory technology. Ormerod & Duckworth (2005) bolstered this argument […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Job satisfaction has recently become a major issue for all companies, whether they are public or private, and whether they are located in industrialized or developing nations. One of the reasons for this level of attention is because pleased employees are described as dedicated employees, and commitment is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Emotional intelligence is described as the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in the self and others. It has been reported that emotionally intelligent individuals tend to make better team players, and they are more effective […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Nigeria is a multilingual country with over 400 indigenous languages, three of which are considered prominent, notably Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba, which represent the three major geopolitical zones, North, East, and South, respectively. Despite this, Nigerian Pidgin is widely spoken throughout the nation and has become a lingua franca for many, although […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY For a long time, educational research has been focused on determining how individuals learn, which is a topic of significant interest to those working in higher education. The notion of learning styles, which comes in a variety of forms, arose as a result of this. Cheema (1991) […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the study The word curriculum comes from the Latin word “currere,” which means “race course,” and refers to the series of actions and experiences that children go through as they grow into mature people, according to Collins English Dictionary (2003). A school’s or university’s curriculum is the collection of courses […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Education reformers in poor countries continue to look at curriculum innovation as an essential part of the change process, which is why it’s so vital to understand how these innovations can be verified. Many nations have had to alter their curriculum in response to changing global economic […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Over the past several years, HIV/AIDS has attracted as much attention in international circles as other pressing global challenges, such as war, terrorism, and environmental devastation, among others.World Health Organization (WHO) has declared HIV/AIDS to be one of the first global health emergencies and a direct threat to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Physical changes occur as children grow and develop. These transformations usher them into adolescence. Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood, characterized by biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes (Grabber; Brooks-Gunn & Peterson, 1996). Adolescence is a particularly tough time. This corresponds to what Pector (2004) refers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Deviant behavior is described as failing to follow the standards or norms of society or the school. According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary six editions, deviant behavior is defined as acting in a way that is different from what is expected of others, and according to Chambers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Science is advancing at a rapid pace in Nigeria and around the world. Science can be defined as an intellectual activity carried out by humans that is designed to discover information about the natural world in which humans live and to discover ways in which this information can […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Drug misuse among the global youth population has become a severe issue that affects everyone. Addiction sends many people, particularly young people, on a downward spiral of hopelessness that may be lethal in some situations. A drug, according to Kalunta (2015), is anything other than food or water that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Entrepreneurial education programs aimed at empowering youths in Nigeria have grown in recent years. Gone are the days of the oil boom in the 1970s, when a graduate could readily find work in any available position. However, all of this changed in the mid-1980s, as a result of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Educational facilities are the resources utilized by students and instructors to help in the teaching and learning process. The size and capacity of classrooms, labs and laboratory equipment, and library facilities, which included suggested textbooks and set volumes, were also investigated in this study. According to Alimi, (2004), […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY According to Uwadia (2010), education is a process through which a person obtains the numerous physical and social capabilities required to operate in the society in which he or she is born. It is to a country what the mind is to the body, just […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Learning is the systematic development of information and skills via interaction between teachers and students. It occurs through the interplay of instructor, student, approach, and materials. These items contain portions known as teaching resources (Akerele, Aguele & Anyanwu, 2012). It has been demonstrated that teachers have […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background Of The Study Security issues are global issues that must be addressed in order to establish a conducive climate for socioeconomic progress. Insecurity not only endangers residents’ lives and property, but also halts a country’s overall growth (Ekene, 2015; Haruna, 2016). As a result, security and development are […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The growth of street hawking in Nigeria has gotten so popular that it has now become a source of concern to education. For the time being, there is no widely agreed meaning for the phrase child hawking,  however, it might simply be referred to as the abuse of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the study A form of blended-learning method to training, flipped learning is a sort of flipped learning. It encourages student-centered learning, participation, and achievement. It’s also a hybrid approach, in which teachers “combine conventional face-to-face training with an online component.” Tucker (Tucker, 2012). Teachers that believe in the efficiency of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The significance of instructional materials in the school teaching and learning environment cannot be overstated. Instructional materials are learning aids that employ both sight and sound to impart meanings to students and enhance their educational experience (Nolan, 2022). Regarding education, audio-visual aids are educational materials or teaching equipment […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of Study Science subjects account for a significant portion of the subjects taught in the majority of Nigeria’s post-primary institutions nowadays. These subjects are so critical that the National Policy on Education requires science subjects to be included in the core curriculum at both the junior and senior secondary school […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of Study Basic science and technology emerged as a subject area in Nigeria in the late 1960s, and its teaching and learning have since been institutionalized in schools (Vincent, 2009). This is because one of the goals of science education is to pique students’ interest in science and technology. Both […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Education instills ideals, trains instincts, and fosters the correct attitude and habits in addition to providing information and abilities. They believe that cultural legacy and values are passed down from generation to generation through education, according to Muhammed (2010). It is always the parents’ obligation to educate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Peer learning, in its broadest sense, is defined as students learning from and with one another in both formal and informal ways. It is an instructional strategy in which groups of children under the direction of a teacher work together on a given instructional assignment with a brilliant […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study An organization is a system that consciously coordinates the activities of two or more individuals, influencing workers behaviour in the workplace (Barhard, 2004). A formal organization is bureaucratic in nature. It is concerned with the division of labour, the distribution of power in the system, and the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Learning is enhanced when given in a rich environment, that is, if the classroom environment is conducive and has all necessary learning facilities. In other words, a bare and hostile classroom and school environment offer little stimulation to learning (Anyanwu and Izuagba 2009). The school environment consists […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Internet revolution altered the world of information in terms of sharing, speed, storage, and retrieval of data in any format regardless of the user’s location. Numerous online technologies have arisen as a result of the Internet, and one technology that is creating waves in terms of information […]