CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Cashless economy is an economy where transaction can be done without necessarily carrying physical cash as a mean of exchange of transaction but rather with the use of credit or debit card payment for goods and services. Omotunde et al (2013) posits that cashless economy policy initiative […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background to the study A closer look at institutions in our society shows that a lot of businesses are folding up due to fraudulent acts. Both the management and the employees indulge in activities that can bring down an institution, and ignorance of the roles of an internal auditor is also […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Small Scale business is the pivot which drives free enterprise system, generates a great deal of energy, innovates and creates employment opportunities for millions of Nigerians. The definition of Small Scale Business depends on the criteria for determining what is “small” and what qualifies the nature of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigerian economy is faced with national and global economic challenges and as such, the financial institutions, especially the banking sector has an option of sanitizing and restructuring its operational processes in order to survive the depressed economy, as well as embarking on a consolidation exercise which would […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The post-independence Nigerian government adopted the entrepreneurship government which constrained it to assume the role of entrepreneur and the urge to offset the economic neglect of the colonial government and that resulted in engaging in ambitious industrialization programmes. When the Nigerian industrial Development Bank Limited (NIDB) was […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Virtually, every business has a credit relationship with a financial institution, especially banks. Some rely on periodic short term loans to finance temporary working capital needs. Others primarily use long-term loans to finance capital expenditure, new acquisitions or permanent increases in capital. Regardless of the type of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Financial institutions are organizations which deal basically in money. `They constitute the financial framework of an economy. Financial institutions help to pool savings and excess liquidity from millions of individuals and firms within the country and make them available to those who need them for various purposes. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banks all over the world have through their unique position in the economy contributed immensely to economic growth and development of nations, hence the banking sector in any country plays fundamental role in increasing the level of economic activity. A bank is any person, partnership, or […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The worldwide economic depression of the early 80’s caused a rapid deterioration of the Nigeria economy. The output shrank to an all time local and commercial activities, which were consequently reduced, leading to the loss of employment opportunities in the country. Therefore, by the end of 1985, […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The successive development plans of Nigeria have laid emphasis on the attainment of self reliance the need for this national objective is because much is expected from individual on the view point of providing employment opportunities, self reliance in basic food and material production of industrial raw […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Nigerian banks in the face of increasing competition are currently facing enormous challenges which have made survival increasingly difficult. To survive and be successful providers of financial services, it is extremely important that the present environment should go with a new management order which will offer the customer […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The banking industries are susceptible to all forms of risk. It has an ageing long history in the overall operation of all banks. The Nigerian Banking Industry for the past decades has witnessed series of Banking distress and subsequent failures. Banks that had been doing well suddenlyannounced […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Financial scandals and misappropriation around the world and the recent collapse of large corporate organization in the USA and Europe have brought to the fore, again, the need for the practice of sound corporate governance, which is the system by which the affairs of companies are directed and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is believed that the goal of every organization is to meet the needs and the requirements of its stakeholders. Meeting the needs and the requirements of the stakeholders will not only ensure the survival of the organization but also allow it to flourish. Customers are […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Bank plays a crucial role in propelling the entire economy of any nation of which there is need to reposition it for efficient financial performance through a reform process geared towards forestalling bank distress. In Nigeria, the reform process of the banking sector is part of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The overall economic growth in Nigeria both in the areas of industrialization and provision of social services, has increased the need for huge amounts of money to be borrowed from the financial institutions for their execution. The boom of early seventies brought a change in the structure […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigeria banking system has undergone remarkable changes over the years in terms of the number of institutions, ownership structure, as well as depth and breadth of operations. These changes have been influenced largely by challenges posed by deregulation of the financial sector, globalization of operations, technological […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigerian banking industry has witnessed tremendous changes and expansion since the mid 1980s. Unfortunately the growth and expansion in the sector are not the manifestation of a sound or vibrant banking system known anywhere in the world. Most banks in Nigeria are characterized by inadequate capital […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY One of the prerequisites for the development of national economy according to Ajayi et al, 2006 is by encouraging a payment system that is secured, convenient, and affordable. The world today is moving away from paper payment system to electronic means, especially payment cards (Humphrey, 2004). In […]

ABSTRACT The topic of this research is Analysis of the Impact of Effective Communication in Increasing Organizational Productivity. A case study of the Nigerian Breweries Plc, Amaeke, Ngwo, Enugu, Enugu State. The researcher used survey design for the study. The population of the study was eight hundred and ninety-nine (899) employee of the company, with sample size […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Given the trend of every aspects of economic activities globally and particularly Nigeria, it is imperative for business entities to adopt measures that should strategically reposition them so as to remain afloat. With much increase in the level of customer awareness in response to their needs and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   1.1  AN OVERVIEW There has been a significant change in the Nigerian Banking System during the past few years.  From the turn out of such changes, it is expected the banking system will experience greater changes in years to come.  A lot of factors have contributed to the changes experienced in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In every system, there are major components that are very important for the survival of the system. This is also applicable to the financial system. The financial institution have contributed immensely to the  growth of the entire financial system, as they offer an efficient institutional method through which […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Credit management in our banking sector today has taken a different dimension from what it used to be. The banking industry has adopted a lot of strategies in checking credit management in order to stay in business. Thu the banking industry in Nigeria has lost large amount […]

ABSTRACT Fraud is an epidemic dimension that has eaten deep into the banking sector as well as the entire economy. Itsdevastating effect manifests itself in the deteriorating balance sheet of banks as well as in economic backwardness. As a result, measures to eradicate fraud in banking sector become a central focus of the government and the […]

ABSTRACT The manufacturing sector of the economy is the most important sector and for obvious reasons it is affected by the unprecedented increase of banks high lending rate to borrowers. To appraise the effect of this situation prompted this study so as to provide theoretical and empirical evidence on the effect of high bank lending […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Inflation has been a global problem over the years and no country has been exempted from its pains. Although some countries’ economy have been affected more than others, countries in the world have at one time or the other experienced inflation. Inflation started being more pronounced in […]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work was to examine the challenges faced by recapitalisation of banks in Nigeria. Nike Air Max 90 CamouflagDame Hypotheses were formulated in view of the challenges identified and to meet the objective of the study. Questionnaires were designed and administered on sixty randomly selected executive of five banks (Union Bank, First […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY One of the most salient features of today’s globalization drive is conscious encouragement of cross-border investment, especially by transnational corporations and firms (TNCs). Many countries and continents (especially developing) now see attracting FDI as an important element in their strategy for economic development. This is most […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY                    Today‟s business environment is very dynamic and undergoes rapid change as a result of technological innovation,increased awareness and demands from customers.  Business organization, especially the banking industry of 21st century operates   in  a  complex environment characterized by these changing condition and highly unpredicted economic climate.Information […]

ABSTRACT This study examines critically Electronic Banking as an Aid to Commercial Bank Operations in Nigeria, using first bank as a case study. Electronic banking (e-banking) has brought about a revolution in the functioning of banks as it offers major opportunities to banks and their customers. This has made the transition to electronic banking a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The banks and other financial institutions decree (BOFIA) 1991, defines a bank as “a person, institution licensed to receive money as deposit which could be undertaken either through advertisement or solicitation and limited to a fixed amount which may provide for interest payment or re-payment of deposit […]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work was to examine the challenges faced by recapitalisation of banks in Nigeria. Nike Air Max 90 CamouflagDame Hypotheses were formulated in view of the challenges identified and to meet the objective of the study. Questionnaires were designed and administered on sixty randomly selected executive of five banks (Union Bank, First […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Taxation is a major instrument for the conduct of both developed and developing countries. Taxation is known to accomplish a number of objectives revenue generation for government, economic stabilization and income re-distribution. Taxation as an instrument of public policy is essentially concerned with the manipulation of financial […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The impact of auditing in any organization is of vital importance that their growth and retardation depend on it. According to Nwabueze (2010) an audit is an independent examination of and expression of opinion of the financial statement of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in pursuance of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The implementation of Human Capital Accounting (HCA) is an OECD-recommended means of improving the efficiency of human capital investment and utilization. The concept of HCA has been explored and developed by the OECD as a means to understand and implement the necessary adaptations individuals and nations must make […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The history of microfinance sector is as old as when man started using money. People have always been borrowing, lending and saving, for as long as there has been money. This has always been done within communities, using their own system and methods without any external assistance […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Sharnna and Sadana (2014) defined local government as a statutory authority in a specified local area, having the power to raise revenue through taxes for the performance of local services such as sanitation, education, water supply and electricity. Precisely they see local government as authority constituted by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria faces serious poverty challenges. Two out of every three Nigerians live below the poverty line of $1 per day in income. Poverty in Nigeria is concentrated in rural areas, which are home to more than 70 percent of the nation’s poor. Development indicators for rural areas lag […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The economy of any country, irrespective of its structure is regulated by certain policies developed by the government. Some of these include economic policies, social policies, monetary policies etc. however of all these policies economic policies are most fundamental. Gbosi (2011) The economic factors are cynical because they […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  STATEMENT TO PROBLEM Initially, fraud (ie deliberate effort to obtain financial advantage of a person unlawfully) was become the problematic term inhibiting the proper functioning or operation of bank. As scrutinized experience  bank inspectors and auditors that totally implication or hazard  impact  of fraud in Nigeria economy is reduction on economic growth and development (Okechukwu […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In any country, the banking sector occupies an important place in the financial system. The reasons for this are the role banks play in the development of an economy. Banks among others play the following roles in an economy. They act as intermediary between the deficit and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The financial system of any economy is responsible for mobilizing savings for productive investments and ensuring efficient resource allocation. Banks have traditionally played an active role in this regard. A large volume of literatures such as those of Ajayi (2016), Adegbaju and Olokoyo (2014), and Babalola (2014) […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Directorial improprieties in public corporation is expressed most frequently in terms of misrepresentations in financial statement of such corporations. Manipulations in the stock exchange, commercial bribery of public officials directly or indirectly, in order to secure favourable contracts. Embezzlement and misapplication of funds etc. these varied types of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The origin of what is today known as Bank has been associated with different countries. However, some prominent histories have attributed its origin to VENICE; a city in Italy. The proponents of this history argue that the word “Bank” was derived from the Italian Word “Banko” which means […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The post-independence Nigerian government adopted the entrepreneurship government which constrained it to assume the role of entrepreneur and the urge to offset the economic neglect of the colonial government and that resulted in engaging in ambitious industrialization programmes. When the Nigerian industrial Development Bank Limited (NIDB) was […]

ABSTRACT THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE HOW THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION EXPORT FINANCE IN NIGERIA USING SELECTED BANKS IN AKWA IBOM STATE. IN CARRYING OUT THIS STUDY, I USED SURVEY METHOD IN WHICH I USED THE QUESTIONNAIRE TO COLLECT DATA. THE TARGET POPULATION WAS THE STAFF OF SELECTED BANKS FROM WHICH A […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROND TO THE STUDY A robust economic growth cannot be achieved without putting in place well focused programme to reduce poverty through empowering the people by increasing their access to factors of production. The latent capacity of the poor for entrepreneurship would be significantly enhanced through the provision of microfinance services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Local government is the third tier of government in Nigeria. The Local government system was entrenched in the 1979 constitution via part 11, section 7, sub section (1)………5. However, the origin of local government administration in Nigeria was empowered through the 1976 local government reform. When president Olusegun […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRUDUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY A farmer, who plants corps, expects result, similarly to student who sits for examination expects results. The same 5 also true of an investor. For the farmer, the result might be communicated to him in the form of a bumper harvest. It result sheet or a report card […]

ABSTRACT This project examined the management of current assets in public Limited Liability Company. It is obvious that no company can perform Well without good current asset management. This cares for proper accountability and utilization of these assets for day-to-day transaction of a business concern. A well co-ordinated current asset management will go a long […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY A bank can be defined as an organisation whose principle operation is concerned with the accumulation of temporarily idle money of the general public from the purpose of advancing to others for expenditures. John Paget defined a bank as “A corporation or person(s) who accepts money on current account […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY For bank to survive in   today’s growing dynamic highly competitive bank environment the marketing  of the banking service is indeed inevitable so that they can serve its customers with a well tail over package and creating programme in order to meet adequately  the various needs of its customers and other […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Capital budgeting decision in the most government parastatals is statutory instrument used to take decision in most organization like  NPC i.e. Nigerian National Petroleum Industry. This government parastatals helps in exploration of crude oil and natural gas and refining or processing of crude oil and natural gas to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Any organization whether public or private, that fail to plan is planning for failure, so therefore planning can be defined as the process of establishing and clarifying objectives and goals and determing the policies the policies and procedures necessary to meet these objectives and goals. This study […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In a modern Economy there is distinction between the surplus economic unit and the deficit in consequences a separation of the saving investment mechanism. This has necessitated the existence of financial institution whose job includes the transfer of fund from sales to investors. One such institution is the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Management crisis characterize the Nigeria banking including, many financial development institutions the imperativeness of management crisis in the Nigeria development financial institutions cannot be therefore be over emphasized. Suffice this to say that the enormity of growth in this sector and the need to meet up with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY In the immediate past decade and this present decade, there have been seminars, conferences, articles, Journals and various publications by both local, national and International Organizations on the sharp decline in Agricultural production on these various programmes, some of these workshops, conferences and seminars include the followings: The 13th […]

ABSTRACT Local government is that level of government nearest to the people. It is said to be corner stone of the government system in any country. The federal government believes that it is only through an effective local government system that the human and material resources of the nation could be mobilized for local government […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY The issue of financial distress in the Nigerian banking industry has became the ‘Conequences of  bnak failures, the problem has became a major source of concern to the government, the regulatons of financial institutions and to the general public. The experience of Nigerians during the first era of bank […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A budget is designed to express forecast of revenue and expenditures for the ensuring fiscal year, which may correspond to the calendar year with exemption of primitive economics. The budget is the key instrument for the expression and execution of policies, principles, procedures, plans and objectives of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Cash is represented by those monetary items immediately available to management for business purposes. Cash includes commercial and savings deposits in banks and else where, available on demand and money items on hand that can be used as a medium of exchange or that are acceptable for […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A financial institution is an organized body, concerned with the management of money. This is to say that the institution is responsible for the lending and borrowing of money. In other works, it is an institution involved in financial intermediation where  money is mobilized and channeled from the public […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The concept of dependent has occupied a central place in the economic development over the year, basically as a manifestation of the various attempts by the developing world to chart new economic strategies which would reliever them of economic  dependence on their former colonial master in Europe.  Today the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Back credit  and  lending  function  as  we are  aware  evolved  from a  rather  humble  beginning   as a  result  of the discovery  made by the gold  smith  some  continues  ago,  though  only  a  small  proportion  of the money  kept with him  for security  purpose  was indeed required by the  depositors at any  one  time  and that  he could  safely  lend the  rest to borrowers  and make  interest  charge  thereon.  The banking habit that latter inherited such practice felt that only about nine(9) to ten (10) percent of the bank deposit at a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY                 Our society is a dynamic place in society of technological change and quick decisions are needed which must be made and implemented. These processes require communication. In fact without communication, each individual would merely be Island isolated from all other such Islands. An organization is born with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY This project work has a basis on the identification of the roles of community banking system in promotion of rural development in Nigeria. The community banking system was launched with the opening of Alheri community bank Kaduna by then president on 31st December 1990 within three years, about […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banks are institutions known to operate on the center pin of public confidence.  Today that concept no longer holds as bankers themselves either initiate fraud or partakes deeply on fraudulent activities against their banks (employees). According to Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) Annual Reports (2011) most banks were […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION THE BACKGROUND TO STUDY The Nigeria banking are undergoing a major dept crisis. The most serious in its histories incorporation into the world capital system at the turn of this country. As with other third world countries, the Nigeria dept crisis is part of a wilder crisis of accumulation. The dept crisis […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY     Actually, debt are not exempted from any successful business, because there must be a debt in every successful business due to activities involved in their operation. Debt can be occurred as a result of banks overdraft, borrowings fraud and forgeries and so on, therefore bank recovery […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO STUDY There has been no single accepted definition to the term “fraud”. Fraud in whatever forms is limitless on classification. This is why courts and writers on fraud shirk or try to escape away from giving a decisive definition. Notwithstanding, the varied meaning attached to the concept of financial […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Development banking in Nigeria was established, as a result of strong needs to close the gap created by the inability of the operating banks in Nigeria such as commercial banks, central bank and merchant banks to provide the needed funds to finance some special sectors of the economy […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to Osuntogun and Adewuimi (2013). The commercial bank is a profit making organization and as such there is geat fear by operators of commercial banks in establishing in the rural areas, this is because like every profit making organization they would not want to lose their […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The research work is about the financial distress in the banking industries, causes, implications, and possible solutions. Bank distress occurs when a bank or some bank in the system experience liquidity or insolvency resulting in a situation were depositors fear the loss of their deposits and a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY. Domestic bank lending bring out problems encountered by bank in lending to their customers, these statement reports the lending policy of a bank at a particular time, the bank activities and resulting profit or losses during the most recent period and the flow of resources occurring within the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY    Over the last couple of decades the Nigeria almost crude form it has characterized with in pre-colonial and colonial dry. It has become sophisticated that economic experts today can proudly  thump their chests. With due regard to ownership structure of the institution, the regulatory framework, the instrument employed and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY One important factor affecting the level of economic activities in any economy is change in supply.  These changed affects directly the rate of spending by the citizen of the country.  It is therefore, because of the economic importance of monetary that the monetary authorities has devoted time and resources […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY A bank can be defined as an organization whose principal operation are concerned with the accumulation of temporarily idle money of the general public from the purpose of advancing to others for expenditures. John page defined a bank “A corporation or person(s) who accept money on current account, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In the Nigerian Banking system considering the last decade the Commercial Banking to be precise had under gone a rapid expansion both in terms of the number of Institution and the scope of Financial services rendered.  As bank licensing was liberalized so was the seed of instability sown […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigerian Banking system considering the last decade the Commercial Banking to be praise had undergone a rapid expansion both in terms of the number of Institution and the scope of financial services rendered. As bank increasing was liberalized so was the scared of instability sown in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   STATEMENT TO PROBLEM Seeing all the adequate measures such as internal control auditing, separation of duties, monitoring of branch operations, application of diplomacy actions etc. in order to control fraud and forgery in the Nigerian banking industries, still there is fraud and forgery in the Nigeria banking industry. More still, banks […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRUDUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY The banking system in Nigeria from 1993 till data has been characterized by diverse mismanagement resorting from so many factors ranging from volume of capital to bank reserve in made of transaction, bankers/customer relationship and on the human factor frauds which have till date been threatening the corporate existence […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Fraud can be described as a conscious premeditated action of a person or group of persons with the intention of altering the truth or fact for selfish personal monetary gain. It involves the use of deceit and trick and sometimes highly intelligent cunning and know how.  The action […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.  BACKGROUND TO  THE STUDY According to akinsami o. (1993) page 2” agriculture can be defined as the cultivation of load for the purpose of producing food for main feed for animals and fiber or raw materials for industries; it is also preparation of plant and animals products for preservation and disposal […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Lease is defined as an agreement where by the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for rent the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. Most writers believe that equipment leasing started in 1977, the year that bell telephone first rented in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND T0 THE STUDY The main aim of this research work is an attempt to verify the indiscriminate increase in the prices of commodities produced in this part of the country by manufacturing organization and companies.  This continuous rise in prices has attracted the attention of many citizens, mostly those who have […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The relative insufficiency of funds for capital investment is a common factor in every economy especially in developing countries of the ward, like Nigeria. Finding a solution to these problems of providing funds for capital investment has been a major pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria one […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banks have been credited generally with enviable role of being a very important source of funds or capital for the development of the economy. This recognition largely emanates from the roles assumed by most banking institutions in mobilizing various deposits and channeling some towards feasible and viable […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Bank have been credited generally with enviable role of being a very important source of funds or capital for the development of the economy. This recognition largely emanates from the roles assumed by most banking institute in mobilizing various deposits and channeling some towards feasible and viable […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It has already been stated that money is a common denomination in which the rate relative value of goods and services can be expressed. Throughout history any community which form itself into a nation for the purpose of self-government immediately introduce its own distinctive unit of account –monetary […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY During the pre-and post-independence period Nigerian market were flooded with foreign goods including cosmetics, There was a greater enthusiasm for specialization in importation for sale rather than in local production sale.  The scramble for the importation of ready- make –goods into the country for sale was so great […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Bank marketing has been defined as the creation and delivery of services that will satisfy the needs of customers at a profit to the bank. From the definition above, it is seen that the customer who is the ultimate target of bank marketing must be satisfied. With […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Motivation of customers is a very important tool to be used by financial institution like banks. Therefore I want to investigate the benefits of banks if they (customers) are being motivated by banks. Banks can motivate customers by giving sales promotion, increasing the interest rate of depositors especially those that operate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The naira exchange rate depreciation coupled with persist increase in the inflationary rate has been a major bane on economy of Nigeria.  To a layman inflation is a phenomena to embrace as his income increases daily without knowing the harmful side of such an increase.  Whether there […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is more important or convenient to trace the origin of banking and it meaning before moving into the causes of bank distress in Nigeria economy. Banking originated in England through the activities of the Gold Smiths, who by often keeping money in safes for their customers realized […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual. Fraud is a crime and a civil law violation. Defrauding people of money is presumably the most common type of fraud. Customers of banks are currently experiencing increase in fraud schemes. Scams to get a customer personal information […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY With an award match to becoming an industrialized nation, Nigeria is witnessing true emergence of human resources as professional, which made possible  the establishment of service industries and other business organizations.  This belief was rather so strong  that the urge to provide financial services can no longer be overlooked.  to accelerate economic […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION I.I   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Before the establishment of the Central Bank of Nigeria the West African Currency Board (WACB) which was established in 1912 had the responsibility for issuing legal tender currency. The WACB was set up to promote the financing of the export trade. It was the duty of WACB to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY. The history of banking in Nigeria dates back to pre- independence period, the establishment of banking was motivated by the urge on the part of government to inculcate banking culture in the people and the desire of the people themselves to means of making financial intermediation easy, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A tax could be defined as a compulsory payment levied on individuals by government for paying a specific percentage of their earning or a specified amount in order to raise revenue for development purposes. A tax according to Agyei (2013) could also be defined as the transfer of […]