CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION The historical development of international trade can be dated as back the period of world war 1 (1914-1918). Though world trade was heavy during world I, that world depression of the 1930’s greatly brought a decline in world trade. The actions of several governments aggravated the from in the level of the […]

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of inflation and interest rate on economic growth of Nigeria. Unit root test (Augmented Dickey- Fuller test) has been exploited to check the integration order of the variables. Acointegration analysis with four variables (c growth, interest rate, GDP, and inflation level) is employed. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      Background of the study The desire to build a civilized country with a strong and sound economy is the desire of every Country, including Nigeria. Tax payment is the demonstration of such a desire, although some income earners see it as a means of exploitation by the government. Tax payment is a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMMERCIAL BANKING IN NIGERIA  The historical background of commercial banking in Nigeria can be traceable to early 1820, where the African banking corporation in Lagos established a commercial bank. These corporations did not last due to some limitation encountered as a result of banking habit of the people […]

ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of inflation on economic growth in Nigeria over the period of thirty eight (38) years from 1980 – 2017. To achieve the objectives of the study, annual time series data on real interest rate (RINR), exchange rate (EXCR), inflation rate (INFL) and gross domestic product (GDP) were collected from […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A commercial bank in a country can be described as the fuel tank which supplies oil that lubricates trade and industry in order to get the wheel of economic activities in motion. A commercial bank is no larger uniquely described in terms of being a financial intermediary […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY This chapter deals with the back ground of the study, statement of problems, objectives of the study, research question, significance of the study, hypothesis, scope limitation of the study and definition of items. The banking system in Nigeria has undergone radical changes during the 35 years since […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study It is globally belief that the computer as an information technology is able to provide useful information. If properly fed with a reasonable input or it will result in “Garbage in and Garbage out”. The use of computer to carry out a very wide range of activities for […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0.1 HISTORY Since creation, there has been quest by man to improve on the quality of his life and existence. This ever-increasing quest has been necessitated and propelled by the simple need to address the challenges posed by his environment. Borne out of this need, a number of inventions have been made […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY By the year 1970’s and early 1980’s external debt obligation of Nigeria was very significant, but assumed crisis and disagreement in the late 1990’s. However, external debt or internal debt obligations results from disagreements between the Fiscal operations of the government when the total expenditure exceeds current […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In any economic set up, there are various institutions engaged in Commercial activities with the cardinal aims of strengthening their financial base and quality service to the society through the marketing of their products and services; thereby establishing themselves firmly within the given economic environment. Before the […]

ABSTRACT This research work aims at evaluating the effect of value added tax on the Nigeria tax system. This examines the role played by the Value Added Tax as one of the source of government’s revenue. It also assesses the fact whether it has achieved the essence of its introduction. In this research doctrinal method […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigerian economy was propelled by the astronomical increase in petroleum prices and the subsequent increase in foreign exchange in flow in the 1970s sound uchendu (2014) this new wealth resulted to a consumption pattern and taste, which altered aggregate demand in favor of imported goods, services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Every organization has the need to increase sales volume in order to yield maximum profit to the organization; at the same time to create awareness of the products of the organization and finally convince customers to make purchases commitment to the organizations brand of products. Advertising basically […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  As a result of Increasing School Leavers Unemployment in the 1970s the Nigerian Government Introduced the new National Policy on Education in 1981. A major provision of the policy was the Introduction of the training of Banking and Finance Studies of Junior Secondary School (JSS) Level with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Modern commercial banking in Nigeria dates back to the early period. The decline in barter system of trade and the rise in financial transaction of the colonial government required an institution in the form of commercial bank for safety and transmission of fund. It was for purpose that African banking corporation based […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this research study is to analyze and ascertain the extent to which fraud and poor management contributed to bank failure through a careful analysis of banking industry with a particular reference to the presently embattled Savannah Bank of Nigeria Plc. whose operating license was recently revoked. Chapter one examined the historical […]

ABSTRACT The project topic “effect of financial leverage on company performance”, has to do with the use of external finds (dept and equity) in generating profit for their firm company which its primary aim is maximization of shareholder welfare, wealth and also profit. I shall make use of primary data, a questionnaires which will be […]

ABSTRACT In the framework of this project “impact of central bank prudential guidelines on the financial statement of licensed Banks in Nigeria”, the researcher has attempted to reiterate the importance of prudential guidelines in helping banks to improve on their performance. The study set out to examine its impact on bank safety and confidence of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Unemployment is an issue that has generated debates from every nook and cranny of the world. Its impact was more, felt during the industrial revolution when the dimension of man power absorption changed towards the consideration of skill as a fundamental pre-requisite. However, over the years, government […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  The performance of the Nigeria banking sector has been a serious concern to the generality of Nigeria. Such Nigerians includes but are not restricted to politicians, the military, the academic community , industrialist , traders, and even the peasant community. As one reflects on the present state […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION PREAMBLE As man invented tools, weapons, clothing, shelter and language, the need for training because an essential ingredient in the match to civilization. Whether our ancestors stumbled upon, or invented these facets of civilization is of relatively little significance. What is more important is that man has the ability to pass on […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Financial institutions have a very great role to play in the growth of small business everywhere in the world but I will limit my discussion to their roles in Nigeria. Financial institution could be seen as an institution which primary functions is collecting and giving out funds […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Nigerian capital market has always played a significant role in the economic growth and development of the nation. In times of economic boom, it assisted in the provision of finance for expansion, and establishment of productive facilities. The term capital market is a complex institution and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Reform which refers to making changes for improvement in order to remove abuse and injustices in the banking industry. Reform is what that brings, lead or force banking industries to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct and adopt a right one. According to Wikipedia, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY The uncertainty which doubt the future is a significant that normally bring in the element of risk in any business arrangement. The existence of risk in any concern simply means that certain loss must arise if the risky event happens. A contract of insurance broadly […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY Government polices are used to pursue development objectives of government that bothers on meeting the welfare of the citizens, they could be socially, politically, economically, religious wise, environmentally population and so on. These policies are used to pursue these goals through the use of economic […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY In recent years, the manufacturing industry has grown slower than other sectors. These manufacturing industries which comprises of small and Medium Scale Enterprises, are relied upon for the state and country’s economic survival for import substitution. There is a broad consensus today that Small and […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY. Granting of loans and advances of credit is one of the banks services of investment policies. Among the crucial growth process is the adequate supply of credit to the different economic units to carry on their activities efficiently and smoothly. There is therefore the need […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY The provision of banking services to the economy of a country such as Nigeria has remained a life wire through which the economy grows. The provision of these services requires every attention because of its importance growth, the bank provides loans and advances which could either […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY The insurance and banking industries, both of which are components of the Nigerian financial system, play very important role in the country. They jointly for the backbone of the economy without which all economic activities would come to a halt or collapse. There is no doubt […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Financial institutions are organizations which deal basically in money. They constitute the financial framework of an economy. Financial institutions help to pool savings and excess liquidity from millions of individuals and firms within the country and make them available to those who need them for various purposes. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is a well-known fact that for every economy to thrive, much emphasis needs to be placed on the existing profile of small scale businesses and the funding of the already existing ones. Aside its importance to the economy, it is a sound way of reducing unemployment […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the study It is very obvious that today in our society, housing is on of he basic needs of humanity it is essentially for this reason that housing has remained central to all national development effort of successive government in the country and the entire world over. Housing market […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The banking sector in an economy serves as a catalyst for growth and for development. Banks are able to perform this role through their crucial functions of financial intermediation, provision of an efficient payments system and facilitating the implementation of monetary policies. It is not surprising therefore, that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigeria, credit has been recognized as an essential tool for promoting growth and development in the country. About 70 percent of the population is engaged in informal sector or in agricultural production. The federal and state government of Nigeria has recognized that for sustainable growth and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY Fisher, et al (2016) noted that the system that an organization uses to reward employees can play an important role in the organization efforts to gain a competitive advantage and achieve its major objective. It is a known fact that an organization is what it pays, for […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: Fundamentally, management is the coordination of human effort that is art of accomplishment of goods by utilizing the effort of other people. The management process may be varied as the total management effort operating in a particular endeavor that include decision making, the application of selected techniques […]

ABSTRACT This research work was undertaken to ascertain the impact of Internet banking in union bank of Nigeria plc Enugu and evaluation of its effectiveness in the banking system. To put this study on a unique out look questionnaires were designed together information while personal interaction was paid purely to areas of customers and cashiers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The history of micro financing can be traced back as long to the middle of the 1800s when the theorist Lysander Spooner was writing over the benefits from small credits to entrepreneurs and farmers as a way getting the people out of poverty. But it was at […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Effectively functioning financial markets like micro finance banks have fundamental roles to play in fostering development among small and medium scale enterprises in developing countries like Nigeria. Small and Medium Scale Enterprises are sub-sectors of the industrial sector which play crucial roles in industrial development (Ahmed, 2006). […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.  1  BACKGROUND OF STUDY Business is like a bicycle, either you keep moving or you fall down. Over the century, man has been able to achieve many fear is the ability to like the whole world together invisible thread called Communication. Without communication, we utterly be isolated groups without the coordination we […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The Nigerian banking system has undergone remarkable changes over the years, in terms of the number of institution, ownership structures as well as dept and breath of operations. These changes have been influenced largely by changes posed by deregulation of the financial sector, globalization of operations, technological […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Every successful nation and its activities is a function of fine tuning the necessary policy measures geared towards the achievement of the stated objective. In this context monetary and fiscal policy measure shall be critically discussed as regards its impact on the activities of commercial banks. This impact is of two […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Fraud is a cankerworm’ that has eaten deep into the nation’s fabrics. It is visible in all the sectors of the economy. In the financial sector, fraud is anoffshoot’ of financial crimes which covers offences, which are securities, related and involves the movement, transfer or use of monetary […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Although a lot of research works have been done on the prospects and challenges of information technology in the banking industry, these research works were broad based, while a few were actually carried out on  the role of information technology in modern banking operations. Modern banks now […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  The banking industry in Nigeria plays a very significant role in economic development of the country. According to Abdullah (2016) the banking industry in particular plays a vital role in the economy development of Nigeria by mobilizing savings and channeling them for investment. Especially in real sector […]

ABSTRACT An appraisal Of Money deposit Banks in Financial Small-Scale Industry in Nigeria. A case study of First bank of Nigeria plc. This study is to ascertain the extent to which Money deposit banks have helped to finance small scale industries in Sokoto. To achieve this study adopted a survey research which employed the use […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY One of the cardinal problems facing motivation on staff performance in the banking industry in Nigeria is staff performance in the banking industry in Nigeria is lack of staff motivation to improve standards in their organizations. The motivation and expectation of management is for employees’ or staff to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The banking industry which is various bank put together to this industry consist of the central, commercial, merchant, development and saving banks. Central bank being the apex bank. Though banks are classified according to their functions, a detailed study of their various functions showed that they have […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BAGROUND TO THE STUDY … 1.2   STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In spite of the Commercial Banks importance in building economic growth and development, commercial banks are faced with problems ranging from lack of adequate and sound accounting system, procedures and for rendering returns and required information to Head Office, lack of experienced, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY It would be observed that, despite the presumed developments in the Nigerian economy, the country is still largely being regarded as a developing country (Onyema, 2016). More so, its industrial growth is not quite impressive. Before the emergence of formal microfinance institutions, informal microfinance activities flourished all […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY For Quite a long period in the history of banking the foreign business function was relegated to the background yet the provision of a wide range of bank service to bank customer had always involved some aspect of foreign business. Foreign business implies exchange of goods and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries including business enterprises and individual domiciled in different countries of the world. The exchange of goods and services through international trade does not only enable a country to produce these goods and services for which if […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY Britannia Concise Encyclopedia (1995) defined Bank as a financial institution authorized to provide variety of financial services, including customer and business loans (generally short term), checking service, credit cards and saving accounts. A bank is a financial institution authorized by its charter to perform certain functions (Osuala 2001).  The […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Given the fury of activities that have affected the effects of banks to comply the various consolidation policies and the antecedents of some operators in the system, there are concerns on the need to strength corporate governance in banks. This will boost public confidence and ensure efficient […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to Adekanya F. (2014) Define Banking habit as the degree as which member of the public patronize banks. The regularity with which individual and corporate bodies in the society make use of banking faculties. As palne (2014), Rural banking scheme is a programme managed by the […]

ABSTRACT  The focus of this study is corporate governance and banking performance in Nigeria. corporate governance has been identified to mean different things to different people. The objectives of this work is to investigate if there is any significant relationship between directors equity holding and bank performance in Nigeria and also to determine empirically if […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Since the beginning of corporate form of business entity in Nigeria, the banking sector has been playing important role in promoting economic growth and development by way of providing liquidity and capital in form of loans to firms and private individuals, Izedonmi (2001) noted that banks help […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Monetary policies refer to measures or contributions of measures designed by the monetary authorities to influence or regulate the volume and direction of money and credit, Hyman, (2015). Monetary Policy influences the volume and direction of purchasing power in the economy and it is an instrument of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The effect of dividends on ordinary shares value has been accorded extensive investigation by financial analyst in the literature. In the main, a company’s dividend policy could not be ignored or understand while valuing the shares of any company. Basically, it (dividend policy) is the determination by […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY   The recent economic situations in the country have proven to the government beyond doubt, that the large-scale enterprises cannot perform the major roles of economic development. This is true for Nigeria being a developing country. Hence, priority has been placed on the small-scale Businesses in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY … 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a managerial tool and can be used to achieve corporate profitability in any organization. Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a tool that can be used in firms that are faced with problems having cost, volume and profit implications. […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.2    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Implementing successful e-commerce service is not as easy as most people might think. Many obstacles exist and they all revolve around three major pieces of the electronic commerce puzzle-money, technology and people. Hence, there is limited research on e-commerce in developing countries particularly in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Human effort in organization is indispensable. It constitutes a complex phenomenon to managers of such organization to comprehend. Accordingly, it is believed that every behaviour is a goal directed. Thus, for an organization or individual to engage in any productive venture, it must have underlying fundamental factors […]

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1  PREAMBLE In Nigeria both state and federal government are now placing much emphasis on the promotion of indigenous small scale enterprises with a view to encouraging entrepreneurship. This study address critical issues like life aspirations, likely source of financial capital, entrepreneurial orientation, attitude towards work, intention towards becoming an entrepreneur, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Researchers all over the world has advocated the need for manager or consultant to constantly examines and evaluates an employee’s work behavior and productivity by comparing it with preset standards, document the results of the comparison, and use the results to provide feedback to the employee to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The most recent and significant development in the banking industry is the emergence of Islamic Banking System and Interest-Free Banks (IFBs) in Nigeria through the CBN guideline on non interest banking. This is in response to the failure of the conventional interest based banking system to cater […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In any modern economy, the efficient production and exchange of goods and services requires money and bank is the instrument for affecting it. The last few years have been both traumatic and revolutionary for the banking industry. The industry produced the largest number of technically insolvent and under […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0   INTRODUCTION Credit generally denotes loans and advances made either directly or indirectly by a creditor (lender) to a debtor (borrower) on the principles of different payment. The banks as a lender, provides credit facilities by making funds available to customers in agreed terms and condition of payment. The gain of this credit […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.  Background to the Study Today’s business environment is extremely dynamic in nature. It has experienced rapid changes as a result of technological improvements, increased awareness and demands for banks services. The Banking industry of the 21st century operates in a complex and competitive environment characterized by these changing conditions and highly unpredictable […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: Bank lending is concerned with provision of funds for needy customers as loans from the savings of the fund surplus units paid into the bank.  Due to the established fact that the saved fund is at the disposal of the bank for specified period, the bank can thus […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  The issue of good corporate governance is therefore an imperative for ensuring successful corporate performance. Building good corporate governance as a shared responsibility among all stakeholders, each of whom may exert pressure to move an institution in a by slightly different direction. In this regard, although the mistivations […]

CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banks today are the largest financial institutions around the world, with branches and subsidiaries throughout the world. The services rendered by commercial banks in Nigerian cannot be over-emphasized. The banks basically in any economy are financial intermediaries that perform two main traditional functions which include deposit collection and lending. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.1    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Banks has continued to witness increased number of fraud and malpractice with varying degree of sophistication. It was reported by the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) that “Banking Industry has lost billions of naira to fraudulent activities, indicating a continuing increase in […]

ABSTRACT This study was embarked upon by the researcher to ascertain the implication of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) on the Nigerian Banking Sector and the Nigerian economy as a whole. To achieve the set objective, data was sort both from primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire items were designed from the research questions to assist […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY As the prime movers of economic life, banks occupy a significant place in the economy of every nation. It is therefore not surprising that their operations are perhaps the most heavily regulated and supervised of all businesses (Soyibo and Adekanye, 2011). The high degree of regulation which […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The financial system of a country which the banking industry is part, refers to the totality of the regulatory and participating institutions as well as instruments involved in the process of financial intermediation. An efficient system is widely accepted as a necessary condition for an effective functioning […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The banking industry plays a very important role in the economic growth of any country; it acts as an intermediary between the lenders and the borrowers of funds in the economy. It also provides financial resources to other industries and hence facilitating production (Kocabay, 2009). Stability in […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Deposit money banks financing is the mobilization and allocation of financial resources to productive investments and, in return, promote sustainable performance and ensures that businesses are flourishing and alive. One of the key functions of banks is financial intermediation and issuing of loan facilities to governments, organizations and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The currency of a nation would normally serve as a medium of exchange a standard of rate and a store of value. A close perusal of these functions would show that in a complex economy. Money is usually the only accepted medium through which a buyer pays […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Banking sector in Nigerian have undergone series of dramatic changes ranging from distressed banks in the 1990 to failed banks and later exist of these banks (Ogunleye, 2015). The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) reported that, of the 115 banks […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In today’s business world, globalization and international experience has become critically important. Banking industries can no longer get away with operating loosely connected groups of businesses that happen to be located around the world, but must strategically integrate their activities. Mitroff [1] stated that, only the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Bank credit has been the responsibility of Central Bank of Nigeria, in order to manage our monetary system; it is also one of the instruments of monetary policy that can be used for economic system. Various sectors of the economy require finance for different purposes; one main purpose […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is crystal clear that any nation that wants a viable economy must have a viable financial sector and previous studies overtime confirmed that be significant and strong link show between the financial sector of a nation and performance overall country economy. Banks play important role in any […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The successive development plans of Nigeria have laid emphasis on the attainment of self reliance. The need for this national objective is because much is expected from individuals from the view point of providing employment opportunities self reliance in basic food and material production high per capital […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION     1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Strategic management is a disciplined approach that utilizes the principles and process of management to identify the corporate objective or mission of any business. It determines an appropriate target to satisfy the objective, recognize existing opportunities and constraints in the environment, and device a rational […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Nigerian banks in the face of increasing competition are currently facing enormous challenges which have made survival increasingly difficult. To survive and be successful providers of financial services, it is extremely important that the present environment should go with a new management order which will offer the customer […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Fraud can be described as a conscious premeditated action of a person or group of persons with the intention of altering the truth or fact for selfish personal monetary gain. It involves the use of deceit and trick and sometimes highly intelligent cunning and know how. The action […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In any modern economy, the efficient production and exchange of goods and services requires money and bank is the instrument for affecting it. The last few years have been both traumatic and revolutionary for the banking industry. The industry produced the largest number of technically insolvent and under […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY There have been a consistent agreement in the body of extant literatures (Daasi, 2012; Nelson & nelson, 2010; Gboski, Joshua & Stephen, 2007) that small and medium scale enterprises have the tendency to improve the economy of any nation through job creation and increased flow of finance […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Commercial banks are generally all-purpose retail bankers, Ajayi (2011). They mobilize deposits of all sizes and from all and sundry in retail as well as in wholesale markets. They engage mainly in borrowing and lending activities. The lending activities of Nigerian commercial banks have been increasing steadily […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background to the study Customers are presumed the stakeholders of an organization and for an organization to flourish, the needs of the customers must be met. Without the presence of customers, the goals and objectives of an organization will not be achieved. It is therefore pertinent to carry out a research on […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Credit management in banking sector is an important issue in the economy of a country. It is important in the scene that success or failure in the management of credit determines the continued existence of any retail bank in the country. It is also important to the economy […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY People establish firms to allocate their resource for the purpose of common goal, to earn the profit. To achieve this goal, they also interact with society. On the basis of their motives, organization can be divided into Profit organization, Government organization and Non for Profit organization. Profit oriented […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0     INTRODUCTION Banks generally have credit of being an important resource of capital for development. This recognition accorded banks arises largely from the role most banking institutions in mobilizing feasible and viable ventures. As a result of the provision of loans and advances which gives strength and vitality to the business community, banks […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A major function of the banking system is the transfer of funds from the surplus units to deficit units of the economy. This is achieved through deposit mobilization and onward lending to customers by ways of loans and advances. Most money deposit banks in Nigeria today cannot […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The downturn in the nation’s economy ever since termination of the Republic in 1984 and coming of the military thereafter is no longer news. Series of efforts by the various government whether sincere of insincere towards improving the betterment of the economy are also appreciated. Of importance to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Cashless economy is an economy where transaction can be done without necessarily carrying physical cash as a mean of exchange of transaction but rather with the use of credit or debit card payment for goods and services. Omotunde et al (2013) posits that cashless economy policy initiative […]