ABSTRACT This work draws attention to the role rural banking can play in Nigeria development. This is because rural banking, will immensely increase the degree of monestisation of economy, making available for rural dwellers, greater opportunities for savings, credit investment and enhance the effectiveness on monetary policies in the achievement of desired national macro ” […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1              Background of the Study The term capital flight suggests a hasty cross-border movement of capital from one country to another. It is a kind of illicit movement of financial assets (capital) from one country to another. Some scholars like Nyong (2003), Ayodele (2014) label these capital movements as “flight” while others label […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1              Background of the Study Are bank workshop veritable means for fostering banking growth and developing the economy as a whole? In a developing economy, such as Nigeria, financial sector development has been accompanied by structural and institutional changes and the sector generally have long been recognized to play a crucial role in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The occurrence of fraud in many Nigerian organizations in becoming too predominant, especially in the banking industry. According to Anyanwu (2013), bank fraud entails a conscious or deliberate effort aimed at obtaining unlawful financial advantage at the detriment of another person who is the rightful owner of the fund. However, Orjih (2014), […]

ABSTRACT This research work was aimed at study “the effect of value added tax in Nigeria, which has poses a lot of question in the inquisitive mind of some people as to “why” and “how” of the introduction. The reason of this study is to replace the existing sales tax which was a nationally levied […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Basically, a bank has a two-fold function in connection with receiving deposits and making loans, there are many services that bank render which are fundamental important to normal function of our economic system. For example, bank provide a safe place for the deposits of fund, which temporarily are […]

ABSTRACT This  research  work  investigated the effects of micro-financing on  Micro and Small Enterprises  (MSEs)  in South-west Nigeria. The study  examined how micro-finance and non-financial micro-financing activities and features such as group membership, pre-loan training, cross guaranteeship, loan size, technical and managerial training, among others, impact on  the  survival, growth, productivity  and performance  of  Micro and Small Enterprises in Southwest […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Robust economic growth cannot be achieved without putting in place well focused programmes to reduce poverty through empowering the people and increasing their access to factors of production, especially credit. The latent capacity of poor for entrepreneurship would be significantly enhanced through the provision of micro-finance services to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Globalization of markets requires a unified global accounting, reporting and disclosure sets of standards. As a result of increasing volume of cross border capital flows and growing number of foreign direct investments in the globalization era, the need for the harmonization of different practices in accounting and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The world is evolving every day. Gone are the days when communication was limited to face to face, signals or by postage. Today communication can take place between two or more people from any distance in the world through telecommunication or internet or other technological means. But […]

ABSTRACT  This  research  work  investigated the effects of micro-financing on Micro and Small  Enterprises (MSEs)  in South-west Nigeria. The study  examined how micro-finance and  non-financial micro-financing activities and features such as group membership, pre-loan training, cross guaranteeship, loan size, technical and managerial training, among others, impact on  the  survival, growth, productivity and performance of Micro and […]

ABSTRACT This study investigated the Nigerian Banks Efficiency Performance. The period studied was 2005-2009.In addition to the  above,  the extent of the effect of the bank’s fixed assets, operating expenses and total deposit on  their efficiency was investigated. The effect of  the banks efficiency on their profitability was also examined. In recent years  emphasis is now […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Mergers and acquisitions have emerged as a strategic tool for achieving corporate expansion and growth. Analyses have the banks to benefit from new business opportunities that would be created by change in the regulatory and technological environment. Aluo (2010) argue that Nigerian banks adopted different strategies to achieve […]

CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A common problem plaguing the growth of developing countries like Nigeria is the shallow nature of its financial markets both in terms of breadth and depth. Indeed financial markets play an important role in the process of economic growth and development by facilitating savings and channeling funds from savers […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is noteworthy to assert that change remains a constant reality of life. Just as tides and seasons come and go, so do situations come and go. These situations vary from economic, political, social, technological etc. They have all required far reaching solutions to address their peculiar […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study The banking sector in any economy serves as a catalyst for growth and development Banks are able to perform this role through their crucial functions of financial intermediation provision of an efficient payment system and facilitating the implementation of monetary policies. It is not surprising therefore, that governments […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Internal control, the strength of every organization has become of paramount importance today in Nigeria banks. The reason being that the control systems in any organization is pillar for an efficient accounting system. The need for the internal control system in the organizations, especially banks, cannot be undermined […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  BACKGROND OF THE STUDY Survival strategy involves the development of a well articulated marketing plan for successful introduction of the product into the market. This is not static and would most probably under go refinement and modification in subsequent stages. The marketing strategy deals with the  marketing mix coordination that would be […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The level of fraud in the present day Nigeria has assumed on epidemic dimension. It has eaten deep into every aspect of our life to the extent a three years old child talk about 419, the name given to the newly discovered fees fraud that is hunting […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Credit management in our banking sector today has taken a different dimension from what it used to be. The banking industry has adopted a lot of strategies in checking credit management in order to stay in business. Thu the banking industry in Nigeria has lost large amount […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In an evolving Nigerian banking industry, strategies are being adopted by the major players in order to achieve their long-term organizational goals- profitability and survival. In the light of this belief, much emphasis is being laid on the computerization of their banking operations. Within the last decade, […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  Financial sector is one of the dominant economic sectors in Nigeria. Banks are key player in any country’s financial sectors, they acts as intermediary that channels funds from the surplus unit to the deficit units in the country. They occupy a delegate position in the economic equation […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The level of fraud in the present day Nigeria has assumed on epidemic dimension. It has eaten deep into every aspect of our life to the extent a three years old child talk about 419, the name given to the newly discovered fees fraud that is hunting […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY                    Today‟s business environment is very dynamic and undergoes rapid change as a result of technological innovation,increased awareness and demands from customers.  Business organization, especially the banking industry of 21st century operates   in  a  complex environment characterized by these changing condition and highly unpredicted economic climate.Information […]

ABSTRACT Banking business is a very risky business. The operation of banks include; the mobilization of deposit and the extension of credit. A bank can be defined as the instrumental agency through which debt and credit are converted and changed between. Banks also act as intermediaries, they mobilize deposit and pay interest on them and […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigeria, credit has been recognized as an essential tool for promoting small or micro enterprises (SMEs). About to percent of the population are engaged in the informal sector or in agricultural production. The federal and state government has recognized that for sustainable growth and development, the […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1   BACKGROUND TO STUDY  A criteria component of basic approach to economic development is shelter, next to food, shelter is consider to be the next most important basic need. Housing however transcends simple shelter include utilities, and community services like electricity, water supply and good access road, sewage and refuge disposal system and […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY             If we have to choose one essential characteristics of what we call the new bankingenvironment that characteristics would be operated. Unit fairly recent executives operated    with the assumption that the enjoyed limitless resources and plenty of time to build profitable enterprise today finite resources new technology […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1.  BACKGROUND TO STUDY  Commercial banks play an important role in economic development of developing countries. Economic development involves investment in various sectors of the economy. The banks collect savings from the people and mobilize savings for investment in industrial project. The investors borrow from banks to finance the projects. Special funds are […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Customer Satisfaction is perception of customer about a company and in relation to whether his or her expectation is met or not (Praline, 2007). Over the years a feeling of discontentment among customers and users of bank services developed gradually with regard to irregular rendering of banks statement […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  In every organization whether corporate or formal, conflict must definitely arise in the course of carrying out their various functions. In order for the organization to achieve its goals, it need to inter – relate with the various department/individuals in it. As a result of the inter – […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION   A commercial bank in a country can be described as the fuel tank which supplies oil that lubricates trade and industry in order to get the wheel of economic activities in motion. A commercial banks is no larger uniquely described in terms of being a financial intermediary offering demand deposit and commercial […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The banking sector in any economy serves as a catalyst for growth and development. Banks are able to perform this role through their crucial functions of financial intermediation, provision of an efficient payments system and facilitating the implementation of monetary policies. It is not surprising therefore, that […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1 Background to the Study  The banking industry of any nation is the key driver of its economy. It is the prime mover ofthe economy as no economic activity will sail smoothly without adequate funds, the bulk of whichis provided by the banking sector. Banks therefore occupy a significant place in the […]

ABSTRACT Economic models of decentralization generally emphasize beneficial consequences—efficient provision of local public goods, hard budget constraints, and sorting of residents according to taste. This paper notes two less benign effects. First, political decentralization makes it easier for subnational governments to collude with enterprises at the center’s expense, offering firms political protection against central tax […]

ABSTRACT To what extent do households make their consumption-savings decisions in a forward looking manner? While this question is of fundamental importance to many aspects of economics, a wide range of viewpoints prevail. The massive empirical literature studying consumer behavior with Euler equations has produced mixed results (see Martin Browning and Annamaria Lusardi (2016) for […]

ABSTRACT This study investigates the presence of currency substitution in eight African countries- Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Tunisia and Zambia- for the period 1976 to 2005 using both regional and US dollar as anchor currencies. We find that currency substitution is prevalent in Ghana and Nigeria when CFA franc is used as […]

ABSTRACT EMU now seems increasingly likely to progress as planned with a broad membership of eight to ten countries in 1999. The political determination of Europe’s leaders has developed a momentum that makes the birth of the Euro ever more likely. Other influential people also support the introduction of the single currency, amongst them bankers, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Corruption is unarguably one of the most topical issues in the discourses of the deepening crisis and contradictions of post-independence Nigeria. The level of attention devoted to it ·may not only be due to its rapid and unprecedented expansion to all facet of human Endeavour and its […]

ABSTRACT Corruption is an ancient practice that has been traced back to pre-biblical times and made itself known in the ancient civilizations of China, Greece, India and Rome. Despite corruption’s long history, the 1990s witnessed a decline in public acceptance. Increasingly, corruption has become an elections issue in numerous countries. Moreover, corruption scandals helped unseat […]

ABSTRACT Most of the empirical literature on the relative merits of alternative exchange rate regimes uses the IMF de jure classification based on the regime that governments claim to have, abstracting from the fact that many countries that in theory follow flexibleregimes intervene in the exchange market to an extent that in practice makes themindistinguishable from fixed rate regimes, and […]

ABSTRACT Aggregate output growth measured by the gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated at 6.49 per cent during the first quarter of 2008, compared with 7.82 per cent in the preceding quarter. The growth was driven by the non-oil sector which was estimated at 9.67 per cent. Provisional data indicated growth in monetary aggregates during […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY Money demand is certainly one of the most researched fields in economics. Literally thousands of articles have been published over the last decades that contain empirical money demand estimations for numerous countries and time periods. However, despite these considerable efforts the results of this huge literature are quite diverse. […]

INTRODUCTION 1.1             Background to The Study The capital market is a network of financial institutions and infrastructure that interact to mobilize and allocate long-term funds in the economy. The market affords business firms and governments the opportunity to sell stocks and bonds, to raise long-term finds from the savings of other economic agents. The capital market […]

ABSTRACT Financial intermediation in Slovenia relies mostly on the banking system with established lending relationships, while the development of the non-bank financial sector is far behind EU peers. The dominance of bank lending has resulted in a lack of equity financing, in particular to start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) as bank lending is biased […]

ABSTRACT Recent financial crisis in Turkey as well as in Mexico revived the interest in the question of capital flows in developing countries. This paper examines the issue of capital flows with special reference to Turkey. Given that there is no one generally accepted definition of capital flight and hot money, the magnitude of capital flows […]

ABSTRACT There has been a growing concern on the decline of the output of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria in recent times, despite the fact that the government embarked on several strategies aimed at improving industrial production and capacity utilization of the sector. This worry is understandable in view of the fact that it has […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The fiscal operations of the Nigerian government have been generally unstable. This is considered to be one of the major causes of macroeconomic instability in the country. The unstable fiscal operations arise partly from fiscal imbalances characterized by inadequacy of financial resources relative to ever increasing […]

Abstract Overtime, Nigeria has experienced persistent depreciation in its exchange rate, with inflationincreasing at opposite direction, despite government’s exchange rate policies to stabilize prices. Exchange rate is key in foreign trade, as no country can satisfy demands of its population by operating close economy due to nations are endowed with varying natural resources. Thus, exchange […]

ABSTRACT The past half century has witnessed an unprecedented rate of world economic development. One stylized fact found by many empirical studies is that most high growth episodes are usually characterized by high export growth, which leads many people to the conclusion that the export sector has played a leading role in the growth process. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: Fundamentally, management is the coordination of human effort that is art of accomplishment of goods by utilizing the effort of other people. The management process may be varied as the total management effort operating in a particular endeavor that include decision making, the application of selected techniques […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      Background of the study The concept of corporate governance has attracted a good deal of public interest in recent years, because of its apparent importance on the economic health of corporations and society in general. Basically, corporate governance in the banking sector requires judicious and prudent management of resources and the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.  Background to the Study Today’s business environment is extremely dynamic in nature. It has experienced rapid changes as a result of technological improvements, increased awareness and demands for banks services. The Banking industry of the 21st century operates in a complex and competitive environment characterized by these changing conditions and highly unpredictable […]

CHAPTER ONE        INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY This chapter is mainly concerned with the efforts at expanding the economic base of the rural area, which are always backwards because of scarcity of restrictive access to loanable funds. In solving the problem, previous government in their economic policies has lied on development […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Standard trust bank Plc commenced operation in August 1997 as a commercial bank with five business offices driven by a board of directors a management team and staff focused on revolutionizing the Nigerian banking industry following  the resolution of the board of directors at an extra ordinary general […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY There is no doubt that recent development in banking industry relating to computerization banks including First Bank Plc Enugu, attracts comments from various organization, individuals government etc. in the society, hence many have written on the problems, benefit and prospects of computerized accounting system in Nigeria. Based […]

CHAPTER ONE    INTRODUCTION         1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigeria, Bank fraud has assumed a frightening scale and sophistication. The levels in the present day have also grown into epidemic dimension. It has eaten deep into every nerve aspect of our life to the extent that a three years old child talks […]

ABSTRACT This project was aimed at developing an online book-bank monitoring system inMakerereUniversity. The responsibility of monitoring book-banks inMakerereUniversityis vested in the main library and is executed by the Bank-Bank section. It was intended to address the current problems encountered in using a manual system to monitor the activities of the book-banks. The study covered […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Management has been defined as the  process of combining and utilizing organization resource of managerial to accomplish organization objectives.  It is also a process entailing responsibility for effective planning and regulation of operation in a enterprise in fulfillment of a  given purpose or task. What then do we actually means by interference? […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background to the study Many  years  ago,  the  concept  of  training  and  development  were misunderstood and not given full consideration in most Nigeria organization. Today the situation has change totally, such that many organization, business and non business organization has come to realize the need for training and development of employee […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Banking can be classified as both a profession and trade.  As a trade, banking business involves the buying and selling of services. On the other hand, banking could be referred as a profession because could be referred as a profession because of its distinct body of knowledge, which distinguished it […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study Operators in the banking system argue that the pegging lending rate at the present level by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is not realistic as it is not market determined especially urban considered against the cost of deposits (term deposits and saving account) as the rate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Right from the time, food, clothing and shelter have been the three most basic requirements of man, of all these three requirements food and clothing are the two, which influence man’s life more than housing in which they seek shelter, security, comfort and dignity.  It is infact where man […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the study Granting that no country of the world can ever attain an expected level of economic development without a virile and highly productive manufacturing sector makes it imperative that Nigeria as a country must pursue policies aimed at stimulating a rapid growth capable of increasing the productivity of the […]

ABSTRACT This research work was designed to determine the role of small and medium enterprise in the development of Nigeria economy. Some selected enterprises were used as a case study and questionnaires were administered in order to extract information on this project. The objectives of the study include to identify the roles of small and […]

ABSTRACT This research work scrutinized the roles of community banks in rural development is very essential to complete with other parts of the world. Particularly those from industrial countries who are already in the rural development and have easy access to various type of community bank in rural development. To be able to complete effectively […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The significance of Financial ratios and its analysis can not be over emphasized. According to Iloh (2011), a good financial planning for any functional organization has to be related to the existing strength and weakness of such organization. In the effort to discover the aforementioned factors, it […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The petroleum oil sector is the major area where Nigeria income emendates. Before the discovery of crude oil, agriculture is the major source of income in this country and it forms the major exporting base in this country then. Right now, Nigeria exports more than 50, 000 […]

ABSTRACT This research studied the evaluation into the Nature, problem and prospect of the New product developed in the banking industry from 1990-2003. In this research work, the researcher choosed four of the products and measures the extent to which they have been able to satisfy the customers. The product selected are, smart card, international […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria and indeed all developing nation are in dare need of any instrument of help to wriggle out of the quagmire of under development. The various concerns of respective regimes in these countries and primarily on the food, shelter, clothing and other essential needs that make […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  Accounting is often said to be the language of business this because so since money is the life-line of every establishment no matter the purpose for which it is instituted. The use of money now brings about what is known as accounting i.e keeping records of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM The role of the Nigeria Agricultural and co-operative Bank can not overemphasized. According to ugwuanyi (2012), there have been series of efforts. By the NACB in providing short, medium and long term finance to the Agricultural sector of the economy. This is aimed at making farmers to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The era of oil boom in 1970’s in Nigeria economy lead to the nations over reliance on oil as its main source of revenue and there by ignoring other sectors of the economy hence a mono-product economy. Because of this, most of the industries established during this […]

ABSTRACT It has because very imperative to examine the role of commercial Bank in financing of A agricultural projects PLC, (1999 – 2003), is s topic so crucial that interested parties in the work many. It is very vital considering the role of commercial banks in general and first Bank in particular play in financing […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria financial institutions have over the years given support on various developments projects across the country. (Agbo 2010) In line with this, they were suppose to have givien such financial assistant to small scale industries to enable them hence their administrative structure and industries have over the years […]

ABSTRACT Research concerns “Bank failure” causes and consequences” Bank failure in our banking industry has become a peculiar household word in this country, which cannot be overemphasized. It is a re-current issue, which caused to captivate many individuals and banks, which has caused untold hardship to collective individuals, individual, stakeholders. This ugly scene has paved […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Agriculture is defined as the cultivation of land for the purpose of producing food for man, feed for animal and fiber or raw material for our industries. It is includes the processing and marketing of crops”. In order words, it embraces all activities  involved in the primary and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO STUDY The issue of financial distress in the Nigerian banking industry has became the ‘Conequences of bnak failures, the problem has became a major source of concern to the government, the regulatons of financial institutions and to the general public. The experience of Nigerians during the first era of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The privatization programme of the fist phase was said to benefit many Nigerians who were given the opportunity to purchase shares offered for sale by way of public offer. Subscription of shares during the phase one was largely successful with many public offers. However, there were a large […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Local government is the third tier of government in Nigeria. The Local government system was entrenched in the 1979 constitution via part 11, section 7, sub section (1)………5. However, the origin of local government administration in Nigeria was empowered through the 1976 local government reform. When president […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRUDUCTION Current assets as one of the management tolls of business organization are very important in the proper function of business and achievement of organizational goal.  Current assets are those assets that are readily without loss in value and interference in the normal process of the business.  Management on the other hand involves […]

CHAPTER ONE INTODUCTION In Nigeria, the majority of the populations (70%) live in the rural areas in conditions of poverty, limited access to health, sanitation, education and other facilities. Majority of Nigerians are poor and are concentrated in the rural areas depending directly on agriculture, small and medium scale enterprises for their livelihood. The vicious […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Management crisis characterize the Nigeria banking including, many financial development institutions the imperativeness of management crisis in the Nigeria development financial institutions cannot be therefore be over emphasized. Suffice this to say that the enormity of growth in this sector and the need to meet up with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKROUND TO THE STUDY Privatization means the relinquishing of part or all the equity and other interest held by the Government or its agencies or enterprises whether wholly or partly owned by the Federal Government. This means reduction of public sector intention in the economic activities divestiture of government activities.Privatization can also […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In a modern Economy there is distinction between the surplus economic unit and the deficit in consequences a separation of the saving investment mechanism. This has necessitated the existence of financial institution whose job includes the transfer of fund from sales to investors. One such institution is the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACK GROUND TO THE STUDY The term Local government has been defined by many scholars with different view as regards its development. W.A. Robinson (2010) states that ‘Local government’ involves the conception of territorial non-sovereign community processing the legal right and the necessary organization to regulate right of its own affairs. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In the past financial report of commercial and merchant bank showed that they usually carried out excess liquidity.  But by the end of 1993, the huge excess liquidity disappeared. The minimum required liquidity ratio was 30%s Nwaigwe K. O. (2015). In later years, the ratio deteriorated, it was […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACHGROUND TO THE STUDY Banking can be aptly described as a high-risk business. For this reason a lot of attention is directed at risk management in banking. The need of such emphasis on risk management becomes even more urgent as banks go apple with large volumes of non-performing assets. This thinking […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Commercial Banks and industries synonymous as the growth of one is enhanced by the other. Precisely, Banking is an accent business. There were banks already in the accent Babylon during the Classical Civilization particularly in Rome. But modern banking started in Italy where bankers apart from buying […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 PROBLEM INDETIFICATION AND PURPOSE OF STUDY In this research work, the researcher intends to study the importance of the Nigerian capital market to business organization of this country. Apart from its fund mobilization function, it thus performs intermediacy role by making it possible for those who have surplus funds to be able […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigerian economy has since the early 1990’s been faced with adverse financial constrains especially in its international trade. This can be traced to the responsible fiscal policies enacted during the oil boom period. The sought increase in the volume and value of oil exports since the early […]

ABSTRACT This project work has critically highlighted the compact of the Role of Banks International Trade in Nigeria, the problems affecting the Role in Banks in international trade in Nigeria have been identified and how they can be controlled is also includes in the study and ways to solve them are inductive in the study. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigerian Banking system considering the last decade the Commercial Banking to be praise had undergone a rapid expansion both in terms of the number of Institution and the scope of financial services rendered. As bank increasing was liberalized so was the scared of instability sown in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  It is universally acknowledged that the banking including play a catalytic role in t he process of economic growth and development. This acknowledgement is reinforced by contemporary conceptualism to the effect that banks are a veritable vehicle for mobilizing resources from su7plus units and tempting same to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Budgeting is essentially concerned with planning. According to Hausen (1990). Dr. Jones discovered, failure of plan, either formally or informally, can lead to financial disaster. Careful planning is vital to the health of any organization. If that is the case, what role does budgeting play in planning […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banking operation in Nigeria has gone through very dramatic changes within this decade. The bank has grown beyond optimistic expectations. Over the period, the number of banks expanded five fold, the variety of banks increased, banking operation were substantially deregulated, competition increased and bank were forced to be […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACK GROUND TO THE STUDY People need to be financially secured especially in their old age. Most people are not aware of the importance of financial security, which is an aspect of social security. Social security also known as social insurance is the government programmer that helps workers, retired worker and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Government, established bank for development purpose and the role played by banking industry in an economic development cannot be over emphasized Some banks are owned by government for example first bank of Nigeria union bank etc.some by the combination of government and individuals. However, banks in Nigeria and the other countries of […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the impact of risk management in the banking sector of the Nigeria financial institutions. The study started with an attempt to state the problem that motivated the study, which financial institutions  Risk management was into the banking sector to help recluse the risk of systematic failure […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Financial accounting covers those activities related to the preparation of certain reports which are known as financial statement. These statements reports the financial status of a firm at a particular time the firms activities and resulting profit or losses during the most recent period and the flow of resources occurring within the […]