COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The role of logistics and distribution system as a marketing function cannot be over-emphasized. As a marketing function, logistics and distribution system aim at moving products from their point of inception to their point of consumption. To this end, managing logistics and distribution system according to Ogunsiji, (2010:96) is viewed as the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient flow and storage of raw materials in process, finished goods, services, ideas and related information from point of origin to point of consumption (including inbound, Outbound, internal and external movement for the purpose of conforming to customers’ requirements).
Additionally, Ghian et al (2004:1) stated that logistics deals with the planning and control of materials flows and related information in organizations both in the public and private sectors. Its mission is to get the right materials to the right place at the right time, while optimizing a given performance measure (minimizing total operating costs) and satisfying a given set of constraints.
Logistics and distribution system is employed by manufacturers and service providers to ensure an economic placement of their products and services at the reach of the target consumers. Logistics and distribution functions put the right product in the right place at the right time to meet demand requirements. More so, logistics and distribution manager should be able to assess and control logistics and distribution cost as well as determines the most efficient means of transporting, and storing products, which usually involves some forms of warehousing. Hence, logistics and distribution system entails transporting as well as materials handling and packaging (Charles, 2008:68). In essence, logistics and distribution system is a complex activity as well as one of the most important aspects of any business. While production creates form utility, logistics and distribution enhance the form utility by creating time, place and possession utilities (Osuagwu, 2002:402). According to James (1998:132) logistics and distribution system are as old as civilization. Even merchants in ancient times had to move goods and raw materials to their destination and engaged in storage and inventory control. Until the industrial resolution however, these activities were carried out inefficiently, goods usually were replenished slowly, and there were far fewer goods than in the era of mass production. The industrial Revolution ushered in mass production and by the late 19th century, the beginning of mass marketing goods and raw materials also were conveyed over greater distances. Nonetheless, until World War II logistics and distribution system were far less important than production and marketing. Logistics and distribution activities were carried out as separate, unrelated activities; transporting storage and inventory control. Donald et al (2000.73) observed that, the post war years witnessed an unprecedented explosion of consumer goods and brands, as a