COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
CHAPTERS: Chapter 1-5
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KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS IN BORAMA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to find out how much TB patients at Borama Regional Hospital know about their disease. Researchers talked to 126 patients in the hospital and asked them questions using a survey. Most patients knew that cough, fever, coughing up blood, and chest pain are signs of TB. However, some had wrong ideas: 11.9% didn’t think TB spreads to others, 1.6% didn’t believe it could be stopped, and 8% thought it came from dirty food. Over half (53.2%) correctly said TB is caused by bacteria, while 31% didn’t know the cause. Almost all (98.2%) believed medicine could help them get better, but 4.8% didn’t think so.
The study showed that TB patients in Borama Regional Hospital don’t fully understand TB, and many have wrong ideas about it. Their knowledge is low, especially about how TB spreads and how to prevent it. To fix this, the study suggests giving clear health education to the community, especially since many Somali people move around a lot as nomads
CHAPTER ONE
1.1.0 Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which spreads from person to person. The World Health Organization (WHO) called it a global emergency in 1993 because it’s a major problem worldwide. Experts predict that between 2009 and 2025, about one billion people could get infected, 200 million might develop TB, and 40 million could die if we don’t improve how we fight it. TB often affects poor and vulnerable people, but in richer countries with better living conditions and medicines, it’s more common among specific groups like the elderly, immigrants, the homeless, and those struggling with drug or alcohol addiction.
TB has been around for a long time, possibly even before humans existed, and it’s still a big issue today. It’s one of the deadliest treatable diseases, infecting about a third of the world’s population. Each year, around 9.3 million new cases appear, and it’s especially hard to control in places where TB and HIV are both widespread. Current treatments, which haven’t changed much in 40 years, are long and complicated, making it tough to reach the WHO’s goal of curing 85% of patients. Researchers are looking for new ways to make treatments work faster, shorten the time people are contagious, and help them get back to work or school sooner while reducing lung damage after recovery.
One effort to improve TB treatment is the AVDAPT clinical trial, which started in 2008 in Papua, Indonesia, and is expected to finish enrolling patients by early 2012. This big study, run by several health organizations, tests whether adding L-arginine and vitamin D to regular TB medicine can help patients heal better. In places like Somaliland, where TB is very common (747 out of 100,000 people), the disease is a serious concern. At Annalena Hospital in Borama, records showed 448 TB cases in 2013 with 22 deaths, and 443 cases in 2014 with 26 deaths. The community doesn’t fully understand TB, and only about 38% of cases are found, so more work is needed to improve health services and lower TB rates..
1.1.1 Problem statement.
Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. Geneva: World Health Organiza- tion, 2007. (WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376.)
A sub-Saharan African country with a population of about 16.5 million inhabitants, set up its Na- tional Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP) based on the recommendations of the UNION and WHO in 1997. For 2003, the incidence rate of smear positive (sm+) pulmonary TB (PTB) cases was estimated at 78 per 100,000 populations.
While the detection rates of cases are still to catch up with the estimated incidence rates of m+ PTB, TB case notification within the NTCP increased between 1997 and 2004 from 544 to 18,400, with 69% of these being new sm+ PTB cases. Fifty six percent of all new sm+ PTB cas- es are males aged between 15 and 54 years (non published data of the NTCP, 2004).
It is thought that the increasing incidence rates are due to the unfavorable socio-economic condi- tions and the rising prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the country (Botswana, 2002. MMWR. 2003; 52: 250-252. 7. WHO. Global Tuberculosis Control: Sur- veillance, Planning, Financing. WHO Report 2004. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO/HTM/TB/2004.331), 2004 (2004a).
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in Somalia and Somaliland.
In borama there are patients who are affected by TB, if these problem, is not considered as it there would be many consequences.
1.1.3 General objectives
The main objective is to know the knowledge of TB patients in Borama Regional Hospital.
1.1.4 Specific objectives
To assess the misconception of TB patients in Borama Regional Hospital To evaluate how and their knowledge of TB are related
1.1.5 Research question
What is the knowledge of tuberculosis among patients in Borama Regional Hospital?
1.1.6 Significance of the study
This study makes significant contribution on intervention to improve the knowledge of tuberculosis and misconception with the patients of TB patients.
This is of benefit to individual and groups in local, national, regional and international places. Outcome of this study is going to be useful in development of strategies for the understand the patient for the TB in Hospital.
1.1.8 Geographical scope
The Republic of Somaliland is located in the Horn of Africa. It is surrounded by Djibouti to the west, Ethiopia to the south, and the Puntland state of Somalia to the east. Somaliland has a 740 kilometers (460 mi) coastline with the majority lying along the Gulf of Aden.
Borama, the capital city of Awdal region is located northwest of Somaliland it is situated near the border south with Ethiopia and northwest D. Djibouti it is far for 120km from capital city of Somaliland, Hargiesa and its longitude is 43.33.
1.1.8 Time
This study was be Started March to 2019 as per research time table, using descriptive cross- sectional design the study was be interviewed people who was among the patients in Borama re- gional hospital Awadal Somaliland.