COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
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ABSTRACT
This research aimed at assessing the effect of work stress on efficiency among nurses in Gbagada General Hospital, Lagos. The study specifically identified the factors causing stress among Nurses at Gbagada General Hospital. The study examined the relationship between work stress and employees’ efficiency and it identified strategies to be used to reduce stress among Nurses at Gbagada General Hospital. The study employed a case study design and adopted a systematic random and purposive sampling to generate a sample of 71 respondents from a population of 250 staff. Questionnaires and interviews were the main data collection instruments used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as Pearson Correlation Method with the aid of SPSS programme (Version 20). The study found out that work stress affect employees’ efficiency in the organization. Individuals experiencing stress tend to focus on the unpleasant feelings and emotions rather than on the task at hand and this affects their efficiency. The findings further indicated that a major source of stress is the monotonous and non-interesting works being performed by employees in the organization. Gbagada General Hospital needs to make sure that responsibility, recognition, opportunity for achievement and advancement, or improving core work characteristics, such skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback may lead to motivation, feeling sense of responsibility, and utilizing maximum capability are in place so as to reduce work stress.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces issues related to stress and employees’ efficiency, at the global level, regional level and local level. Also, the chapter further talks about statement of the problem, research objectives, and research questions as well as the significance of the study and organization of the study.
1.1 Background of the Study
Globally the issue of stress and employee efficiency is widely explained. Dean, (2012) observed that worldwide work-related stress as a foremost cause for low efficiency in the workplace. Gaumail, (2013) believes stress affects the organizational outcomes such as a decrease in efficiency, increase in absenteeism and dissatisfaction. Based on Euro found report (2013), role ambiguity, organizational change, work demands, bullying and violence are some of the common stress factors happening in the workplace today. Sadly, those that are effected are mainly the vulnerable groups, that include under/or low qualified workers, ageing, disabled, migrant and contractual are being hit the hardest (Monica et al. 2013). In the UK recent research (2014) claims that 39% of work-related infirmity was due to work-related stress, sadness and nervousness.
In Africa, work stress is an outcome or response to certain stimuli in the environment, due to the spirited environment of the work surroundings most of the people in the world (Vijayan, 2018). Typically, people are more fret about their result of their work that can even affect the way they treat other people and how they communicate with their peers and customers. Nowadays, work stress has become more apparent and leads to low morale of employees (Kaminyonge, 2016). The causes of work stress can be attributed to technological changes, competitive life styles and various other social factors.
The experience of work and stress is certainly not new in Kenya. Kenyans continue to experience stress as a result of poor environmental conditions, political uncertainty, poor working conditions and extreme levels of poverty. Ngeno (2017) concurs and further points out those employees in Kenya have to contend with low salaries, lack of involvement in decision making, heavy workload, and few opportunities for promotion (Musyoka, 2017). Work stress may occur because of different factors such as individual, socioeconomic, and family matters.
Stress has become a common phenomenon of routine life and an unavoidable consequence of the ways in which the society is changing. The changes which occur in terms of technology, modernization, urbanisation, population growth and increasing level of unemployment causes stress at workplace in different forms (Gharib, 2016). Mawanza (2017) recommended that poor work relationships, lack of support at work, and poor planning were found to be stress related factors that negatively affected productivity. This was consistent with the results of Imtiaz and Ahmad (2019) who identified lack of administrator support, lack of acceptance for work done as stress factors and their results showed a negative relationship between stress and employee efficiency.
Nurses work tirelessly rendering care to critically and chronically ill patients who are between life and death in an environment where there is lack of tolerance for error (Rowe, J., 2013), all these can exert intense psychological and physical pressures on the health care giver leading to stress or burn out syndrome.
Among health care professionals, nurses have been found to be most prone to burnout (Abushaikha and Saca-Hazboun, 2019). This is more so because nurses are expected to deliver humane, empathetic, culturally sensitive, proficient and moral care, in working environments with limited resources, reduced supply of nurses and increasing responsibilities. Such imbalance between providing high quality care within an environment of limited resources leads to stress (Khamisa, 2015).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Several studies have been done to assess the effects of employee stress on organizational efficiency. Some of the existing works including a work by Cooper and Michael, (2014) who found that work stress had an impact on individuals’ efficiency and organization efficiency. This is similar to the findings generated by ILO (2016) which reported that 58000 workers in 200 organizations in the world showed that stress at work was linked to poor work efficiency.
Job satisfaction and burnout among health care providers are important issues since they affect turnover rates, staff retention and ultimately the quality of patient care (Atencio, 2013). Burnout has been defined as “a syndrome of physical and emotional exhaustion, involving the development of stress which can lead to the development of negative self-concept, negative job attitudes and loss of concern for clients”. Burnout has also been associated with high employment turnover, excessive absenteeism, negative job attitudes, low morale and a reduction in willingness to help others (Abushaikha and Saca-Hazboun, 2019).
The way that an individual views and processes stress determines how much stress is felt and how close the person is to burnout. Perceptions of job stress and burnout are not just a product of work conditions because not all workers, exposed to the same conditions, develop burnout or perceive stress (Robinson et al., 2011).
An individual can be exposed to few stressors but be unable to process the stress well and thus experience burnout. Another person, however, can be exposed to a significant amount of stressors, but process each well, and avoid burnout. How close a person is to a state of burnout is greatly dependent on individual differences (Truby, 2019)
According to psychological theories, stress is determined by the balance between the perceived demands from the environment and the individual’s resources to meet those demands (Ursin and Eriksen, 2014)
The International Council of Nurses (ICN) (2018) declares that nurses, doctors, and laboratory technicians experience the highest job-related stress with 45 percent reporting that their jobs are quite or extremely stressful. Likewise, the International Labour Organization has identified nursing as an industry with relatively.
Since there are limited studies that have been done to assess employees stress in the Healthcare industry, this study is based on the effects of work stress on employee efficiency in Healthcare industry at Gbagada General Hospital hence the recommendation will help the organisation to find out other solution in order to reduce stress and to increase employee efficiency.