COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Academic performance (most especially of senior secondary school students) has been largely associated with many factors. Most students in senior secondary schools in Nigeria are daily confronted with challenges of coping with academic under serious emotional strains occasioned by long walk to school, poor school environment, and being taught by unmotivated teachers. Couple with this, is an uncooperative-to-study attitude of parents who more often toil to provide for the needs of the family. These would definitely not augur well for academic success.
Academic performance is undoubtedly a research after the heart of educators, teachers, psychologists, policy makers, parents and guardians, social workers, etc. In their attempts to investigate what determines academic outcomes of learners, they have come with more questions than answer. In recent, prior literature has shown that learning outcomes (academic achievement and academic performance) have been determined by such variables as; family, schools, society and motivation factors (Aremu and Jokan, 2003; Aremu and Oluwole, 2001; Aremu, 2000). In the same vein, Parker, Creque, Harris, Majek, Wool and Hogan (2003) noted that much of the previous studies have focused on the impact of demographic and socio-psychological variables on academic performance is government factor (Aremu and Sokan, 2003; Aremu, 2004). In spite of the seeming exhaustiveness of literature on the determinant of academic performance of learners, there seems to be more area of interest to be investigated. This becomes obvious in view of the continuous interest of researchers; and continuous attention of government and policy makers and planners. It has been observed that the falling academics standard and the influencing factors include the economic status of the parent. Owing to the present economic situation in the country, many poor parents are forced by circumstance to saddle the young ones with chores like hawking wares, clearing the house and doing other menial jobs around the house before going to school and after school hours. Domestic chores like these no doubt help to train the children and make them realize that they can and should contribute their own quota to the general upkeep of the family. However, when parents and guardians burden their children with work excessively, leaving little or no study time for the children their school work is bound to suffer (Akanle, 2007).
Danesty and Otediran (2002) lamented that street hawking among young school students have psychologically imposed other problems like sex networking behaviour, juvenile delinquent behaviour, which takes much of the student school time that necessitated the poor academic performance and drop out syndrome noticed among young school students. Nevertheless, they also lamented that the maternal and paternal deprivation of the essential needs of the young students have prompted their poor performance in public examination, such as Junior Secondary School Certificate (JSSC), West African Examination Council (WAEC) and National Examination Council (NECO).
Ipaye (1996) in the same vein reiterated the effects of economic status of parents on the Nigerian child. According to him, poverty syndrome imposed by economic crunch, maladministration, corruption and emergency closure of firms, has imposed hardship among parents/workers. They in turn have not been able to provide adequately for the basic fundamental, social and academic needs of the students. Many students have abandoned school to engage in commercial sex or child labour to make ends meet to support self and others. By this, they spend much time on these acts than schooling; this has terrible effect on their academic performance in their school work and public examination.
School sector (public r private) and class size are two important structural components of schools which the economic status of parent would determine the one they could afford. Private schools tend to have both better funding and smaller class sizes than public schools. The additional funding of private schools leas to better academic performance and more access to resources such as computer which have shown to enhance academic achievement (Crosnoe, Johnson, Elder, 2004; and Eamon, 2005). Smaller class sizes create more inmate settings and therefore can increase teacher-student bonding which has also been shown to have a positive effect on students’ success. Student from low economic background who attend poorly funded schools do not perform as well as students from higher economic classes (Crossnoe et al., 2004, Eamon, 2005). This trend is posing huge problems to parents, government, political parties and stakeholders in education.
The poor academic performance of students is posing a problem to educators and a serious concern to parents. It is revealed that the quality of parents and home background of a student goes a long way to predict the quality and regularity of the satisfaction and provision of a child’s functional survival and academic needs. Poor parental care with gross deprivation of social and economic needs of a child, usually yield poor academic performance of the child.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Most secondary schools students are in the adolescent stage. The adolescent has needs and problems that arise from organic, psychological and social pressures. These pressures in turn exert influences on them, which make them exhibit behaviours that are not in consonance with societal norms leading to delinquency. According to Isangedighi (1998) delinquency is a behaviour that involves retraction from rules that govern behaviour among adolescents. Delinquency on the whole is not an easy concept to define due to it complex characteristics. However, delinquency has been from time immemorial a social evil. These delinquent behaviours consist of acts that violate the laws of the society. Onyejiaku (1991) further stress that delinquency covers an enormous rage on crime including felonies such as robbery, assault or misdemeanours such as loitering and behaviours that are illegal.
The manifestation of delinquency among secondary school students has remained an age long problem in the Nigerian secondary school system. In a study carried out by Ajake, Etuk and Omori (2015) shows that there is a high rate of school complains about students’ delinquency. At this juncture, family has an enormous task of ensuring that the adolescent grows appropriately in this regard. The extent to which parents and other adults in the family make provision for the holistic growth of their adolescent, with the view of curbing societal ills has generated a lot of concern in our contemporary Nigeria as a whole. Increased attention is being given to the ability of individual and family to successfully remedy the negative impact on delinquency. Hence the need for this study on the Effect of socio-economic status of parents and delinquent behaviour of female students in Junior Secondary Schools
Generally, educational failure is an economic loss and colossal loss in a country’s financial investment. Going by the report and analysis of West African Examination Council (WAEC) as recorded by the chief examiner’s report on students general performances in the past six years, there are evidences that if something is not done to save the situation in relation to academic achievement there will be problem in the country. This is simply because these students are expected to be the country future leaders. In 2008 they scored 57.27%, in 2009 the score was 47.04%, 2010 and 2011 recorded 47.76% and 38.93% respectively. In 2012 and 2013 the scores were 37.82 and 42.76 respectively. Going by the records of students general performances in the past six years, there are evidences that if something positive is not done to save the situation in relation to the academic achievement of these students who are expected to be our future leaders, then there will be big problem. In fact, the unsatisfactory state of affairs in education is distressing on the general public especially with parents, teachers and those in charge of education in the zone and the entire state.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The specific objectives of this research project are stated as follows;
- Examine the influence of gender on delinquent behaviour of female secondary school students.
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Ascertain the effect of parents’ socio-economic status on delinquent behaviour of female junior secondary school students
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Determine the influence of location on delinquent behaviour of female secondary school students
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Ascertain the influence of delinquent behaviour on academic achievement of female secondary school students
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What is the influence of gender on delinquent behaviour of female secondary school students?
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What is the influence of parents’ socio-economic status on delinquent behaviour of female junior secondary school students?
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What is the influence of location on delinquent behaviour of female secondary school students?
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What is the effect of delinquent behaviour on academic achievement of female secondary school students?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H01: Gender has no significant influence on delinquent behaviour of female secondary school students in Nigeria.
H02: Parents’ socio-economic status has no significant effect on delinquent behaviour of female junior secondary school students in Nigeria.
H03: Location has no significant influence on delinquent behaviours of female secondary school students.