ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on terrorism as a challenge to Nigeria’s security an analysis of Boko Haram since 2009. The study will seek to unravel the root causes of Boko Haram insurgency and its national implications. The specific objectives of the study are as follows; To investigate the challenges of terrorism and national security using Boko Haram as a case study; To consider different socio economic implication of Boko Haram especially the issue of poverty and injustice as being expressed by leaders as the causes of Boko Haram crisis.; To unravel the ideology driving Boko Haram insurrection; To make recommendation on possible solution to book Haram insurgencies.

The nominations in this dissertation are based on the theory of the weak state. This approach is presented by Holsti (1993), Ake (1967), Buzan (undated) and Collins (2007). Derived from Barry Buzan (undated), states consist of three things: the institutional expression of the state (the bureaucracy), the idea of the state (the nation) and the physical basis of the state (territory). The study uses the qualitative design and is descriptive in nature. It is what describes a particular state of things in a given time. It also includes a definite statement about the research problem, the collection of relevant and adequate data, a precise analysis and the scientific interpretation of the data (Olayiwola, 2007).

This study has tried to unravel the foreground of poverty as the instigating factor of the Boko Haram insurgency, although it may be a necessary factor, but it is not enough to explain why Boko Haram has become a terrorist organization. Among others, the study recommended that the Nigerian government should intensify border patrols, particularly with Chad, Niger and Cameroon, and provide Nigerian immigration with sufficient resources to comply with its legal mandate to monitor the entry and exit of people, which makes it difficult for groups such as Boko Haram to invade and operate in Nigeria; that Security officers, especially police and state security services, must also be adequately equipped in place of reagents. They should be proactive in getting the information to collect the key to beating Boko Haram instead of showing brutal violence after each terrorist attack; and that the country should also work with the international community to fight against Boko Haram by sharing information that could weaken the group’s capacity.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

It is a historical fact that human society has always been shaped by violence in various forms. In traditional societies, violence included raids, tribal wars, slavery and rebellion. These were carried out as individuals and groups sought to improve their power, status and influence over others, or to register their grievances. The insurrection has existed throughout history, but it has decreased in strategic importance. Today, the world has entered another time when rebellion is common and has strategic importance.

The uprising is a strategy used by groups that cannot achieve their political goals with conventional power takeovers. The uprising is characterized by persistent violence, asymmetry, ambiguity, the use of complex terrain (jungles, mountains, urban areas), psychological warfare and political mobilization that protect the insurgents and ultimately affect the balance of power in your favor. Insurgents may try to gain power and replace the existing government (revolutionary uprising), or they may have more limited goals such as separation, independence, or change in a particular policy. They avoid battlefields where they are weakest and focus on the areas where they can operate on equal footing. They try to postpone resolute action, to avoid defeat, to assert themselves, to expand their support and hope that the balance of power will change in their favor over time (Metz, 2004: 2).

In general, there are two types of uprisings. The first is what may be called a “national” uprising. The main opponents are the insurgents and a functioning government, which has a certain amount of legitimacy and support among the people. The differences between insurgents and government are based on economic class, ideology, identity (ethnicity, race, religion) or other political factor. The government may have external supporters, but the conflict is clearly between the insurgents and a national government. The national uprisings are triangular because they involve not only the two antagonists, the insurgents and the insurgents, but also a multitude of other actors who can change the relationship between one or the other supporting antagonist. The most important of these other actors is the population of the country, but it can also involve states, organizations and external groups. Insurgents and insurgents pursue strategies that somehow reflect the image of others as they try to weaken the other party, while at the same time attracting the neutrals or those who are not committed to one side or the other (Metz, 2004: 2). ).

The second important type is the uprising “liberation”. These place the insurgents against a ruling group that considers themselves external residents because of their race, ethnicity or culture. The goal of the insurgents is to “liberate” their nation from the foreign occupation. Examples include the uprising in Rhodesia, the white minority government in South Africa, the Palestinian uprising, Vietnam after 1965, the Afghan uprising against the Soviet occupation, Chechnya, the current uprising of the Taliban / Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, and the uprising. of Iraq (Metz, 2004: 3).

Insurgent movements have always been part of human history. Insurgent forces have been a constant factor in the history of the war, from the nomadic rebels who ousted the Roman Empire to the Internet jihadists who exploded the plane and unleashed the misunderstood “global war on terror” in the United States. And fighting them has become more difficult than ever. According to Max Boot, “Invisible Armies” is a narrative about guerrilla warfare and insurrection, from its origins to the fall of the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia in the 22nd century BC. Chr. To the present is enough (Boot, 2013).