THE EFFECT OF NAIRA DEVALUATION (2023–2025) ON HOUSEHOLD PURCHASING POWER AND LIVING STANDARDS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN LAGOS AND KANO STATES CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Abstract The successive naira devaluation episodes occurring between June 2023 and December 2025 resulted in a currency depreciation exceeding 78% relative to the US dollar. This […]