CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Notably, many states; continents; regions; urban and rural communities; families thinking and lifestyle of have been impacted by the outbreak a harmful pandemic pandemic known as Covid-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health emergency characterized with high infectivity, a high mortality rate, and a long incubation period. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study  Organizational performance is one of the most significant issues in management study since it is the most essential criteria in assessing organizations, their activities, and their environments. Its significance is mirrored in its widespread application. Companies are seeing internationalization of their activities and events as a strategy to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of The Study Producing for sales and profits is the raison d’être of each business enterprise. In order to stay in business, an organization must generate sufficient revenue from its products to pay its operational costs and generate enough profits (Tellis, 2004). For many organizations, budgeting or profit planning begins […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In modern times, a series of developments have impacted the personal sales feature. Customers have even more detail, greater demands, and require higher standards of customer support. Furthermore, rivalry is higher due to market globalization, and technology is continually becoming more advanced, particularly in the area of telecommunications […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The era of internet technology has had a favorable impact on our everyday lives and routines as well as on how businesses work around the world. The internet has provided businesses and individuals with a new means of communication as well as opportunities to communicate and access […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Several studies have examined the influence of advertising messages on brand loyalty (Baktor, Boric and Paunović, 2017). Advertising messages can be transferred to the target audience through the respective advertising media. A wide array of media is used for advertising messages. Each medium has its diverse benefits, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study A newly emerging corona virus, SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) which can cause corona virus disease (COVID‐19), a severe respiratory illness like SARS and MERS, was first reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) initially declared the COVID‐19 outbreak a […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1 Background Of the Study According to a 2020 global research assessment of the global business climate led by Kantar TNS, a leading research firm, the insights engine was the most important feature a firm needs to continue good business growth (Redlich-Amiray, & Higginbottom 2014). An insights engine is a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Over the past couple of years, the business environment has witnessed a tremendous change as a result of the re-branding by players in the banking industry. Re-branding is an important aspect of business as it tends to have a great impact on the satisfaction of customers. Most researchers characterizes re-branding as […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Organizations work to accomplish a certain task over an indefinite amount of time. Organizations should strive for innovative and profitable methods of doing corporate practices to meet corporate goals in order to stay in existence for a long time. The fight for sustainability and success in industry has […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The arrival of new information and communication technologies has increased the complexity of competition in today’s world; thus, the competitive aspects of the use of new technologies are essential for local and international businesses in order to gain an appropriate share of local markets. It is important to note […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Given the trend of every aspects of economic activities globally and particularly Nigeria, it is imperative for business entities to adopt measures that should strategically reposition them so as to remain afloat. With much increase in the level of customer awareness in response to their needs and wants […]

CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Shell Petroleum Development Corporation Limited (SPDC) is the pioneer and largest hydrocarbon exploration and production company in the country. SPDC was originally known as Shell D’ Arcy and later as Shell-BP which was jointly financed by the Royal Dutch Shell Group of Companies and the British Petroleum (BP) Group […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Over the years, as evidenced by cumulative experiences acquired through reading and observation, the business environment observed several developments and instrumental to its growth and development. One of these development that remains ever fresh and laudable in the minds of business scholars, authorities, thinkers, philosophers, students and […]

  1.1 Background of the Study CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Attempts to formalise produce marketing in Nigeria can be traced to the 1930s. Then the European companies such as United African Company (UAC), John Holt, Societe Commercial Occidental Agency (SCOA) and Paterson Zochonis (PZ) were involved in direct purchases and export of Nigeria’s major agricultural commodities […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY We are in a very dynamic and complex world. The business environment is becoming sophisticated day by day and as such, decision-making is becoming more and more challenging and risky. Business organizations are failing due to poor decisions. Investors are losing their money and are unhappy. They […]

CHAPTER ONE 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Distribution channel is the path through which goods and services traverse as they go from producer to ultimate consumer. Also, marketing channels or marketing intermediaries represent organized network of agencies and institutions which in combination perform all the activities required to link producers with users and users […]

ABSTRACT The work dealt with the marketing of pharmaceutical products in Enugu State problems and prospects. Marketing of pharmaceutical products has been facing lots of challenges ranging from substandard of the products, poor packaging, high price of the products, inadequate distribution of the products to the rural and urban areas. The study has some of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study From the beginning of the 20th century, our world has witnessed tremendous and dramatic changes and advancement in all factors of human endeavour. The society is dynamic and has been undergoing development in technology, managerial capabilities, social advancement and legal revolution which impact directly on the economic, […]

CHAPTER ONE  1.0 INTRODUCTION A man that starts a business with a well-furnished office and competent staff is incomplete without customers to secure the flow of cash into his business which is a signature to profitability, success, growth and survival. Customers are needed in any business ventures whether privately or publicly owned establishment for profit […]

ABSTRACT This work focuses on the comparative study of the pricing of Commercial Bank products in the Enugu Urban Area. Two populations were used for the study. The first comprises all the eleven Commercial Banks operating in the city. Six branches of these banks were selected and studied. The second population is made up of […]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work is to analyze the role of packaging as a promotional tool in the marketing of different brands of weavons. In nowadays competitive marketing environment the role of package has changed due to increasing self-service and changing consumers’ lifestyle. Firms’ interest in package as a promotional tool is growing […]

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The rising cost of maintaining a salesforce has been a concern for most sales managers in today’s increasingly competitive markets. In many pharmaceutical firms, direct selling costs account for almost half of all marketing expenses. Often, the cost of maintaining the salesforce is greater than advertising and promotion costs […]

CHAPTER ONE 1 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of Study Like in many areas of businesses, banking is a sector that is characterized by intense competition for customers. The genesis of Nigerian banks competition for customers may be traced to a list of monetary, fiscal policies and programmes by the regulatory authorities beginning from the middle 1980’s. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Human behaviour is enormously varied and very complex and is predicted on attitude, learning and habit. Consumers learn from past experience and future behaviour is conditioned by such learning. Marketers, the world over differ considerably in their prediction of human behaviour. The whole marketing effort is generally centered […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Global competition on today’s business, coupled with the rapid development in technology, especially information technology that has made the world a global village, has necessitated business entities to develop strategies that will not only guarantee their stability but also growth in the face of adverse business conditions […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The vision 20:2020 policy was articulated during Olusegun Obasanjo administration (1999 – 2007) to make Nigeria one of the twenty largest economies in the world by the year 2020. At the inception of this policy, it was argued that the Nigerian government had no intention, strategy and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  Rising level of competition, growing pressure from stakeholders, environmental complexities and increasing customers’ enlightenment, among others have reawakened the profit maximization goal of business firms. This is understandable because both the survival and growth of any business lies on the level of profit the firm is able […]

Abstract Over 70% of Nigerians reside in the rural areas which are poorly served with social amenities, and programmes formulated and implemented by the governments for the development are not yielding the desired results. A study was conducted to determine the role and impacts of public relations in rural development in Nigeria. Method of study […]

ABSTRACT This study aims at evaluating the current model of Abuja Commodity Exchange for agricultural marketing and market development in Nigeria. This is done to be able to determine whether the operational functions and structural systems of the Exchange are environmentally favourable and yielding to solve the problems of agricultural marketing in Nigeria. More so, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. Nigeria is the largest country in black Africa with a population forecast of 150 million people broken into 36 states with Abuja as the capital. With this population and clothing being a basic need of life, it is evidently clear that Nigeria constitutes a very large market […]

Abstract The study assessed the communication campaign programs of the federal government’s cassava transformation initiatives as carried out by the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State. The survey research method using questionnaire and interview was used to obtain data from the respondents. The research work was highly descriptive and inferential in nature. This […]

ABSTRACT This research work is a study of consumer brand preference for soft drink beverage drinks in Enugu metropolises. A case study of coke, sprite, Pepsi cola and Seven-up the products of Nigerian bottling company plc and Sevenup bottling company plc—the two giants in non alcoholic beverage industry the world over. However, the study investigated […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Advertising and sales promotion are becoming very regular in our world today especially with the downturn in the economy and the consequent decimation of consumers purchasing power. In any production setting, it is believed that the production process is not complete until the goods and services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 Background of Study The role of the financial sector in promoting rapid economic development cannot be undermined. Hence, for economic growth in a country, there should be proper functioning of the financial system. Donli (2005) observed that traditionally, the role of banks whether in a developed or developing economy, consists of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM Public Relations is as old as creation. But organized Public Relations can be said to have started seriously in the United States in 1900 when the first publicity outfit was founded by George Michaelis. However, Ivy Ledbetter Lee has the credit of pioneering Public Relations in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Modern civilization cannot do without communication, especially by distant wireless communication. This has become a consumer product that is bought and enjoyed on a massive level and repeatedly. Therefore, organizations that provide more and cost effective telecommunication services tend to have more customers than other organizations (Ndukwe, […]

INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The foundational objective of any good sole proprietor is usually to dispose off his goods as much as possible. At the back of his mind, he will most readily place his customer’s satisfaction at his uppermost mind. Customer satisfaction is the pivot on which all activities revolve, be it […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The fact that there are lots of problems bedeviling the Nigeria Health Care Delivery system is not debatable. The debate, however, would rather be on the singular most important change that needs to be effected within the system, given the current trend in the system to bring […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Niger Delta regions of Nigeria have in recent years become a hot-bed of explosive crisis and conflicts that often leave some deaths and mindless destructions in their wake, all resulting mainly from sour relationship between the oil producing companies operating in the areas and their aggrieved host communities. In fact, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria is facing economic recession which became noticeable in the early eighties. This is aggravated by the global economic recession caused by the famous oil glut. The pangs of the recession have continued to be felt in all economic activities internal and external. Its dimension has […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The success of any organization, especially the institutions of higher learning, depends on how information is handled in that organization. The efficiency and effectiveness with which information is managed determines to a large extent whether the institution will consistently be crisis ridden or not. This is why […]

ABSTRACT This study constructively examines why after many years of political independence, our development as a nation in many spheres has been relatively unimpressive, especially, in relation to our potential. This study examines one of the most controversial issues in marketing in the developing countries. “Attitude and belief of consumers to locally made products”. This […]

    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The marketing of petroleum products in Nigeria began in the early 19th century by Socony Vacuum Oil Company (the predecessor of Mobil) which marketed sun flower kerosene. This later expanded to include the eight major marketing companies, Mobil, AP, Total, Texaco, Oando, Agip, Conoil, Elf […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Customers are the reason why any business exist be it service or manufacturing business. This is because before any business organization is set, the initiator of such business must have in mind a defined audience or people for the patronage of such business in order to make […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY History has shown that societies have unique aspect of Interaction which makes life substantial for survival and co-existence. This unique aspect of interaction is referred to as marketing. Marketing entails ideas which are transformed into products/ services and all the activities that ensure its availability to the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Project in the fruit drink processing both establish and forthcoming are aimed at solving a Very clearly identified development problem. The raw material producer, due to insufficient demand, week infrastructure, poor transportation and perishable nature of produce lose substantial money. During the post-harvest glut, the loss is […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Microfinance is the provision of small loans (micro-credit) to poor people to help them engage in production activities or grow very small businesses. This also refers to the provision of financial services to low income clients, including the self employed. More broad1y, it refers to a movement […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.9 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Today’s business is moving to another level in the satisfaction of human wants and needs. Companies face high rate of competition in the world market as businesses move from analog to digital. The cornerstone of a well conceived marketing orientation is strong customer relationship. There must be […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Success in our modern business world depends greatly on the right approach to manage a business. For businesses to succeed and deal with tough competition and new technological challenges, quality of product and service becomes more important. (Fernandez and Stahl, 1995). Today’s global competition coupled with […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Corporate restructuring as a management concept refers to one of the long range planning techniques available to managers of industries or organizations. It aims at redirecting and controlling the future activities of the organization for periods extending up to 15 or even 25 years ahead. Restructuring as a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Marketing concept, according to Ngwuma (2006:18) is a customer-oriented business approach. It articulates the needs of the customers monitors it and packages the products in acceptable way back to the customer. Osagie (2006:113) notes that marketing concept is the newest of all the concepts in marketing which […]

CHAPTER ONE  Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study    The church like every other human organization needs the understanding, goodwill and continued support of its operative environment to survive and exist. To accomplish this noble but obviously arduous task, the church ceaselessly seeks to identify and service or meet the needs and aspirations of its […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Marketing in Nigeria can be traced to the 1930s. then, the European companies such as United African Company (UAC) John holt, societe commercials occidental (SCOA) and Paterson Zochonis (P2) were involved in direct purchase and export of Nigerian’s major agricultural commodities as essential raw materials for overseas […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Consumerism is a social and economic order that is based on the systematic creation and fostering of a desire to purchase goods or services in ever greater amounts (Veblen’s, 1899). The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with or, more recently by a movement called […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Physical distribution is concerned with the transporting of merchandise, raw materials, or by-products, from the source to the customer. Physical distribution of products is a process employed by manufacturers and service providers to ensure an economic placement of their products and services at the reach of the […]

CHAPTER ONE  1.1 INTRODUCTION The history of marketing dates back to early limes what appears to be only difference between what obtains now and then is that the activities of marketing of old emphasized buying and selling. Hence, little or no effects were made by the nature of wants of the consumer it was just […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Bank location is very central to the attraction of customers. According to Jonah (2003:10) location of bank branch is one area that management has to take into consideration, factors within the economy such as the population of the area, the nature of business community of the area, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY One of the truths of modern business is that there is almost nothing that your competitors can’t duplicate in a matter of weeks or months (Jeffrey:2000). If you have a great idea, you can be certain that somebody will copy it before long. And not only will […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The basic reason for establishing public enterprises in all economies has been to enhance development. Government participation in enterprises in Nigeria dates back to the colonial era. The absence of indigenous and foreign companies with requisite capital to invest on railways, roads, bridges, water, telecommunications, electricity and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The practice relations has been with man since time immemorial. Man, both in the past and in the present, wishes to be identified as one ho is kind, truthful, credible, emphatic and generous? All these attribute will enable him to earn goodwill, confidence, trust and support in his bid to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study In Nigeria, people are extremely careful of what they consume in terms of food intakes or applied products. Most packaged food products made in Nigeria are highly rejected by the consumers due to poor quality production and lack of good technical equipment used for the production of […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Over the past century, continued world population increases have raised concerns about food security. World Bank (1986), defined food security as access by all people to food of adequate quantity and quality consistent with decent existence at all times. The World Food summit in 1996, described food […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY By definition distribution strategies is concerned with those efficient channel arrangement used to make goods and services available to customers, also intermediaries and marketing and marketing channel structures to be selected to move product in the most competitive and efficient manner to satisfy customer’s needs and want. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In the global world where Nigeria is a great player, caution is always observed in consumables, especially food intakes. This is most keen in advanced countries than in the less advanced, where Nigeria belongs. In the former, the people are more aware, discernable and educated than the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A successful marketing management is about making decisions that are customer driven, taking into consideration the changes in consumer taste/behaviour while evaluating the different strategic alternatives available, to make sure that any choice made must satisfy the need of the consumer, motivate and influence his buying decisions. […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In today’s business and marketing environment, a lot of problems are inherent, and distribution bottlenecks receive increasing emphasis. The task of matching the technical excellence of mass production with parallel progress in mass distribution becomes crucial, as any confronting management customers cannot enjoy the benefits of mass production […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Social Health Insurance (SHI) is a health sector financing alternative to the cash-and-carry system that had been in operation in the past. The health burden in countries world over has continued to escalate. The most vulnerable are the poor while the wealthy are the healthier. This means […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Firms in less competitive industries have pursued the objective of profit maximization singularly, and have had some measure of success at least in the short-run. But economic and business realities in the competitive world have shown that ability of business organization to achieve their profit objective depends […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1.1 Background of the Study Palaniappan and Ramachandraiah (2008) posit that public relations came into prominence when Thomas Jefferson in 1807 used the phrase Public relations in place of State of thought while writing his seventh address to the US Congress and also traced the word public relations to India, where […]

ABSTRACT This study is based on the assessment of corporate social responsibility practices of the indigenous manufacturing companies in Enugu Metropolis in Enugu State. This study was conducted based on the issues and agitations that surrounded the Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility by some business organizations in the Enugu metropolis even where the practices are […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Every business firm is involved in series of relationships. The consumer is at the end of this relationship chain. This relationship is facilitated by Marketing. There are four major tools employed in Marketing and they include Product, Price, Promotion and physical distribution. A guiding philosophy in marketing, the marketing […]