CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Backgroundof the Study Telecommunications facilities in Nigeria which were first established in 1886 by the then colonial administration. These were geared towards discharging administrative functions rather than the provision of socio-economic development of the country. Between 1960 and 1985 the telecommunications sector consisted of the Department of Posts and Telecommunications (P&T) in charge […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In today’s world, there is hardly a day you will open any major newspaper or watch television without seeing a report on terrorism; those news is usually back with visual images, depicting the gory pictures of dead persons, maimed victims, collapse buildings as a result of the impact of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY This research examines mass media and gender discrimination in Nigeria with special focus on female gender discrimination.  Gender issue or what is otherwise called feminism and womanism has been a topical issue in the contemporary period, as series of books and articles have been written on the topic; many conferences […]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of newspaper structure and direction on the coverage of the Niger Delta Crises by newspapers in Nigeria. The study adopted the Agenda-Setting Theory and the Gate-Keeping Theory for its theoretical framework. Overall, the review of literatures showed that ownership and direction exerts a considerable […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine The role of Nigerian Mass media in the promoting free and fair elections (A study of heartland FM, IBC and Hot FM). The study adopted the survey design using the questionnaire as the research instrument. The study addressed three research questions. The findings revealed among others […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY In the workplace today, dress code of an office manager is becoming increasingly standard depending on the company policy and nature of services. Issues around dress code of an office manager have come under greater scrutiny especially the secretaries who manages her boss and schedules so as an office manager you […]

ABSTRACT The mass media may have a crucial role in either reinforcing, or challenging such inequalities. Television, radio, newspapers and film have long been recognised as key players in society: helping to define people’s sense of taken-for-granted normality (see Eldridge et al., 1997). “The role of Mass Media in promoting Gender equality in Nigeria in […]

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of social media on political marketing during the 2015 governorship election in Delta State. The research objectives include to determine the determine the political message aspirants share on social media, to ascertain the challenges of political marketing on social media. The survey method was employed while the questionnaire was […]

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of political advertising during the 2015 governorship election in Delta State. The research objectives include to determine the political messages and to ascertain the challenges of political advertising. The survey method was employed while the questionnaire was research instrument. A total of 120 respondents who were randomly selected were […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Political advertising has become part of the political culture of most democracies and Nigeria as a democratic nation is not left out.  Political advertising is one of the specialised areas of human communication and business.  More specifically, it is an aspect of social advertising, which is part […]

ABSTRACT This study seeks to investigate customer’s perception of GSM interruptive advertisement in Nigeria. The study adopted cognitive dissonance theory of mass communication. The research methodology used in this research is the survey research of which questionnaires were administered to 120 respondents in Abraka. The research shown that the perception of GSM customers towards interruptive […]

ABSTRACT The campaign for women employment and emancipation in Nigeria has taken a new dimension sequent to the new development in the literacy level of our women and the level of development in mass media. The right of women have been severally abused and neglected. Women have been relegated to the background and kept out […]

ABSTRACT Guinea worm disease is a disease that has eaten deep into the bone marrow of most developing countries especially in the rural areas of these countries, though efforts has been made and still being made it has to be treated or fought severely for it to be entirely eradicated. That is why the researcher […]

ABSTRACT The research investigates the contribution of African Independent Television (AIT) in promoting youth popular culture. To this end the objectives of the study were to assess the role of AIT in repackaging Africa’s rich cultural Heritage to attract youths, determine the contribution of AIT in enhancing Nigeria values among youths, appraise the role of […]

ABSTRACT The research investigates the contribution of African Independent Television (AIT) in promoting youth popular culture. To this end the objectives of the study were to assess the role of AIT in repackaging Africa’s rich cultural Heritage to attract youths, determine the contribution of AIT in enhancing Nigeria values among youths, appraise the role of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Radio is an essential mass medium that virtually every member of the society benefits from. Kuewumi (2009) asserts that Radio has radicalized the face of human communication and ultimately become a fixed point in the daily lives of humans whereby people are informed, taught, nurtured and reformed […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study Communication is the art of expressing ideas, feelings, knowledge and skills, especially through various media or channels of transmission to the audience whose feedback enables the sender gain knowledge of the receiver’s opinion, and vice-versa for continuous flow of information. It is a process of information exchange […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The success of agricultural development programmes in developing countries largely depends on the nature and extent of use of mass media in mobilizing farmers who live mostly in rural areas for the need for development. Communication has been acknowledged for playing, a prominent role in the success […]

ABSTRACT This research work focused on the influence of AIT coverage on post 2011 election sentiments among the residents of Kabala Doki, Kaduna. The research was conducted on 100 residents of Kabala Doki. It was found that most of the broadcast stations including AIT are found with airing things that might provoke sentiments to the […]

ABSTRACT In this study, the focus was to carry out a critical analysis on the impact of phone-in programmes in sensitizing the electorate. The study specifically was aimed at ascertaining the role of radio phone-in programmes in educating the mass on electoral issues.  The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In this part of the world,media ownership first began with the activities of colonial missionaries.with the establishment of “lwe lrohin”,Henry Townsend had a platform with which he could communicate with the community.Thus began the advent of newspaper in Nigeria,in 1859. The other set of people to have engaged in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.2    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Advertising as a concept, can be defined as a form of communication through the media about product, services, ideas, personalities or organizations, paid for by an identified sponsor writer Alide in Okunna (2002: 99). Bovee and Arens (1985) gave a more widely accepted definition of advertising as the […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION 1.10 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY On personal observation the researcher discovered, after hours of touring the premises of IMT and ESCET respectively, countless notices of room vacancies at IMT, a few HIV/AIDS and cultism campaign billboards in both institutions and only ONE inconspicuously painted sign at ESCET which read, “stop examination malpractices …study […]

ABSTRACT The issue of cultism in our higher institutions of learning is such that has reached an alarming rate inspite of the concerted effort being mobilized against it by the government, institutions authorities, parent and students themselves. Therefore, this research work examine the perception of students, lecturers and the society towards this menace. It goes […]

ABSTRACT This essay is written in partial fulfillment of the department of Philosophy’s requirement for the award of the Bachelor’s of Arts Degree of the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. In this essay, we have tried to discuss some of the Yoruba ethics Influenced by the Western Culture. What we have just done in this essay […]

Abstract The study seeks to establish the influence of Television viewing on young adult’s deviant behaviour. The sociological approach was employed to examine the influence of television viewing on young adult’s anti-social behaviour specifically in two selected secondary schools in Lagos Mainland Local Government Area. Four research questions were raised and three hypotheses tested for […]

Abstract The study seeks to establish the influence of Television viewing on young adult’s deviant behaviour. The sociological approach was employed to examine the influence of television viewing on young adult’s anti-social behaviour specifically in two selected secondary schools in Lagos Mainland Local Government Area. Four research questions were raised and three hypotheses tested for […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   1.1       Background of the Study   Music is perhaps the most popular form of art used in the world today for various goals. The uses of music seemingly are in exhaustible. It is used for praising, entertainment, relaxation, passing of information, mourning, teaching, blessing, cursing amongst many other interesting ways. However, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study  Media is a term frequently heard and discussed among educational technologists today. Unless clearly defined, the term can alternatively mean the development of computer-based hardware and software packages produced on a mass scale and yet allow individualized use and learning. In essence, media merges multiple levels of […]

ABSTRACT This research was carried out to assess mass media availability and level of usage in the teaching and learning of Government in Lagos State schools. The research design for this study was descriptive survey and it employed the used of two questionnaires: Teachers Questionnaire on Availability and Level of Usage of Mass Media (TQALMM) […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background to the Study The potential effect of television viewing on children’s aggressive behaviour has been a source of concern and research interest since the introduction of television (Greenstein, 1994). Generally, many feared that television viewing would have a negative impact on the behaviour of most especially, the adolescents in the schools, […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The study of language, which constitutes the underlying platform for this research work, is one concept which has defied all forms of easy definition as is done in all other concepts of life. The use of language is what distinguishes man from the monkey, the baboon, the ape and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Contemporary globalization and urbanization is reproducing classic conditions historically associated with the emergence of infectious diseases and the periodically recurring pattern of epidemics and pandemics. The dynamics of contemporary globalization has contributed to various institutional gaps that make dealing with infectious diseases is increasing difficult and threaten […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY “…Mass media are often referred to as the fourth estate of realm because of the power they wield and the oversight function they exercise. The print media as a major player in democratic governance and development has been recognized since the late 17th century, and remains a fundamental principle […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background of the Study New mass media technologies of the twentieth century have transformed the way in which the media communicates information to the public.  The written medium. e.g., newspapers and novels) served as the main conduit of mass information until the advent of the radio. In the mid-twentieth century, […]

Chapter One Introduction 1.1     Background to Study The mass media comprises the means by which a society disseminates and receives information. The traditional instruments of the mass media to the modern man are the newspapers, magazines, radio and television. The Journalist is a human being, he studies other human creatures, report about human being […]

Abstract This study investigated the extent to which the print media, and particularly the newspapers, faced the challenge of informing, educating and championing the rights of the people in rural development and environmental education in 2006.This study takes a look at perspectives on agenda setting in Nigeria newspaper and challenges in rural development. It espouses […]

Abstract For many years, Western media theories and journalism practices have been the hallmark of the journalism profession in Africa. However, the globalised nature of our world which has become interconnected and interdependent, spawned by increasing technological changes, underlines the importance of analysing journalism practices and new media in Nigeria from a global perspective. Theories […]

ABSTRACT Broadcasting media particularly television is one of the major agents of socialization, education and mobilization in this contemporary society of ours where many youths are found of enjoying one activities or the other on television such as: sport, soap opera, eduTv like: Who Wants to be a Millionaire, Brain Test, Quiz T.V, take a […]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to examine how television has influenced the education, social and moral standard of secondary students. Television has gone a long way in improving and promoting education in Nigeria and throughout the world because of it unique advantage of transmitting in audiovisual. The study employed a descriptive survey method […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background to the Study According to UNESCO (1999), Television is ubiquitous, with at least one television set present in most family homes in developing countries. It is, therefore, not surprising that time spent in front of a television set watching television, videos or DVDs is one of the most prevalent […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Backgrounds to the Study Childhood as a stage in the human life cycle encompasses a period of  phenomenal biological, physiological, psychological, and social growth. Between infancy and the beginning of adolescence, about age twelve, the human acquires major life skills the ability to walk, talk, read, care for oneself, and come […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  Journalism is the collection, preparation and distribution of News and related commentary and feature materials through such media as pamphlet, News letter, magazines, radio, motion pictures, television, Bill Boards the internet and Books.                             Journalism according to World Book encyclopedia (Vol. 11) is the profession of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1             BACKGOUND TO THE STUDY A typical market is made up of people who have various need, some are buyer in the market while other are sellers, each participant in the exchange process is often confronted with the problems of searching. Every attempt to satisfy consumers needs and desires, is usually and most […]

Abstract Culture plays a crucial role in the formation, social development, socialization and entire personality composition of every member of a particular society. The research is thrust to examine cultural impact on women education in some selected communities in Arochukwu local government area of Abia state. Survey research methodology was used coupled with 200 respondents […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The problem of development has occupied the attention of scholars, activists, politicians, and developmental workers, local and international organizations for many years with an increased speed in the last decade. Though there are different perspectives to development, there is a general consensus that development could lead to good […]

Abstract The flexibility of radio makes it a unique tool in reaching diverse audience including those in rural area on socio-economy and political matters. It is on this notion that this examines the role of radio in mobilising electorate towards participating in Ondo state Governorship election in Akure. Survey research method was adopted coupled with […]

Abstract The research examines the impact of radio on political mobilization of the electorate with a study of Ibadan North Local Government. Without doubt mass media particularly radio plays a very prominent role in political and socio-economic development of society. Because of the accessibility of radio signal in every nooks and crannies of society it […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Malaria kills a child somewhere in the world every minute. It infects approximately 219 million people each year (range 154 – 289 million), with an estimated 660,00 deaths, mostly children in Africa. Ninety percent of malaria deaths occur in Africa, where malaria accounts for about one in six […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1       Background to the study Culture entails peoples’ way of life. Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, belief, values, attitudes meanings, hierarchies, religion, notion of time, roles, concept of the universe, and material objects, possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generation through individual and […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the impact of social media on modern journalism practices in Nigerian with a focus on journalists within Lagos metropolis. As the inception of information communication technology such as the internet has made it possible to find out about events without actually being there. Journalists can report […]

PROPOSAL INTRODUCTION Billboards have been used as an advertising medium for more than a century, and are still used today. Ever since Jared Bell presented large circus posters to the public in the mid-1800s, billboard advertising remains as a top medium for brand outreach (History of OOH, 2015). According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION The main objective of this research is to identify the effect of consumer perception on advertising message on buying behavior, a case study of Unilever Nigeria Plc. This research was carried out from quantitative perception and utilized in depth interviews to gather most of the fact. Questionnaires were also used but […]

Abstract The study examines the influence of graphics in the newspaper publication with focus on the Punch newspaper. Graphics plays a very prominent role in newspaper and in the print media generally. It communicates messages even to the illiterates. Findings show that graphics draw the attention of readers to the most prominent news and issue […]

Abstract The research is on the thrust to examine the effect of media credibility on news consumption among civil servants in Osogbo. The research was anchored on Perception Theory and Uses and Gratification Theory respectively which means that civil servants in Osogbo use the media based on their need and there was no two people that share […]

Abstract The purpose of this study was to appraise public relations activities in tertiary institutions, a case study of the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu. The objective of this study is to appraise the public relations activities of the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu on the image of the institution and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Every year, three million deaths are attributed to malaria, of which one-third are children. Morbidity estimates run close to 650 million just for Africa. Throughout the world five billion episodes of clinical illness occur that require anti-malarial therapy. Malaria disproportionately affects poor countries, with 58% […]

Abstract The research examines the influence of billboard advertisement in promoting Dark and Lovely Hair Relaxer on pedestrians in Lagos metropolis. The core objective of the research was to find out whether billboard advertisement influence buying habit of consumers of Dark and Lovely Hair Relaxer and to what extent. Without mincing words, it is obvious […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0    Introduction 1.1    Background to the Study Political participation is a process through which individuals or groups of citizens get involved in designing representative decision- makers to enhance an effective governance and societal welfare. The participation can come in form of voting, rally, contesting, partnership, among others.            To embark on this task of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It is rare these days to see adverts broadcast on television without women playing prominent and visible roles, such roles range from complementary, subjective, subordinate to major actors in most television adverts. These roles as may be ascribed by men, not only enhance the product advertised, but […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Truth is either nailed to a bleeding cross, or it dons a variegated cloak. That is the nexus between the ‘brown envelope’ syndrome and the cancer of corruption. Siyan Oyeweso (2009). Journalism practice wields such enormous powers and calls for the highest standards of ethics and commitment to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Propaganda is a unique device used in politics. This is mostly observed in most electioneering campaign process. According to the Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary, propaganda are ideas and statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0       INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to the Study            In today’s communication and information era where societies are moving towards evolution and civilization, public relations has appeared to be known as the main element and component of communication and an important factor in establishing subjective and objective partnerships due to the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The important role media plays in fostering an environment of good governance and political awareness needs hardly be emphasized. As the watchdog and interpreter of public issues and events, the media has a special role in every society. In our information-based society the media has a disproportionately […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0    Introduction 1.1    Background to the Study Mass media have been a major agent of socialization and tools for social changes especially now that people depend on message from mass media. The potential power of the mass media to help solve social problems. Television, radio and print advertising can entice people to buy […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background to the Study One of the major functions of the mass media is the provision of adequate information about ongoings or current events in the society as a way of serving the public what they need to know. The news media in particular serve this basic human needs by providing […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Media has turned the world into a global village. It is prominent tool and a best means of one way communication. So, it’s being widely used for everything and for any purpose. It has been playing a significant role in most of all social, political and […]

Abstract Watching movies has been an habit among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria due to the accessibility and influx of foreign and local home video targeted at them. It is on this motion that this research investigates the influence of home video on the moral behaviour of students. The research is quantitative with the […]

Abstract The core objective of this research was to examine the influence of online news on the traditional newspaper patronage among University of Ibadan Community which includes students and staffs. Reading from online news websites, blogs, social media including youtube are on the increase among students as information and communication technology advances to the extent that students and lecturers can access news online using their computer, Smartphone and […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Internationalization of economic trade and globalization of business is on the ascendency. Consequently, financial statements prepared according to a nation’s local accounting system may hardly meet the needs of investors, business partners, financiers and decisions – makers who are conversant with international standards. A financial reporting system supported […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In an emerging and competitive economy like Nigeria, the decision to invest is taken because of the apparent or perceived benefits, which the investor hopes to get.  Investment in securities is therefore primarily for the purpose of earning income, which could be in form of dividend, profit or/and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The market for audit services has been recognize to be segmented into varying sub-markets or sub-sectors of an economy. Empirical researchers have shown that the concentration has been as the private sector market than in the public sector. Prices paid to the external auditors for audit services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The market for audit services has been recognize to be segmented into varying sub-markets or sub-sectors of an economy. Empirical researchers have shown that the concentration has been as the private sector market than in the public sector. Prices paid to the external auditors for audit services differ […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of Study The role of audit committee is of much interest to regulator and the public in corporate governance.  Earlier, the function of the audit committee was to oversee corporate financial reporting and disclosure for public companies.  However, in recent years, the role of audit committee has become more pronounced by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study This discourse examined the influence of motivation on teacher’s job performance in the school system. There is no doubt that the reward system in an organization determines the performance of the workers which either lowers or enhances productivity. The vision/mission of every organization is to ensure that its […]

ABSTRACT The work was one done on the assessment of secondary school students’ perception of the roles and functions of I.C.P.C in aguata L.G.A of Anambra state. The idea was to ascertain the student’s knowledge about the roles and functions of ICPC as an anti-corruption agency in Nigeria amidst the famous EFCC. A simple random […]

ABSTRACT The study critically examined the Effect of Federal Character Principle on the Staffing process in the Nigerian Federal Public Service. Descriptive Survey Design was adopted in the study. A total number of two hundred and eight (200) copies of questionnaire were administered to respondents; while two hundred and three (133) were properly filled and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The role of staff welfare and institutions in the path of service delivery cum development in the process of governance cannot be overemphasized. In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, governments are carrying the bulk of the burden of institutional development. With a heterogeneous social environment characterized by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The role of remuneration in shaping the live of an organization cannot be overemphasized. Now, remuneration management has been described as the development, implementation, maintenance, communication and evaluation of reward processes (Galanou et al cited in Aninkan, 2014).Ordinarily, the management of people at work is an integral part […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The importance of public sector reform to health and the grand economy cannot be overstressed. The current drive to improve management in governments through public service reform programs to increase efficiency, effectiveness, and the delivery of quality service to the public is common to many African countries, including […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Public policies in Africa have been formulated and implemented over the years with the help of international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Some have also been formulated single handedly by African political leaders aimed at achieving radical and rapid improvement in the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Unemployment, both of the educated and the uneducated manpower, has become one of the most topical and thorny issues in contemporary Nigeria. The unemployment situation has changed from previous position marked by prolonged period of unemployment and misemployment, to one in which graduates of tertiary institutions have to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study: The issue of poverty reduction has been at the centre of global policymaking. The drive to alleviate extreme poverty in developing countries has become more urgent, given the need to attain the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (UN MDGs) by 2015. Poverty alleviation, being the first of the […]

ABSTRACT This study is an assessment of the viability of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as an option for infrastructural development in Nigeria with a focus on Enugu State.  Following the obvious reality that government alone can no longer finance infrastructural development, a collaborative strategy became imperative and PPP was adopted as the most appropriate. In that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The success of any government lies not just in the volume of its policies but rather the extent to which the policies have been implemented. Nigeria, over the years is characterized by large number of abandoned or uncompleted projects, and where completed they are greatly substandard. Public utilities […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      Background to the study The Local Government in Nigeria is an indispensable tier of government in the Nigerian federal system. It is deeply rooted in the law of the land and derives its powers from the constitution. Section 7(1) of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, states that “the system of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with a population of 170 million, 65 percent of whom live in rural areas. In the pursuit of development at the grassroots, local government was created to provide efficient services to dwellers at the local levels. Everywhere in the world, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: The socio-economic and political development of any country depends largely on the ability of its leadership to facilitate, entrench and sustain good governance (Afigbo, 2007). The extent of development of any nation globally is often been determined by the quality and selfless nature of its leaders(Onigbide, 2007). However, when […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Many countries today have committed themselves to achieving equity in healthcare coverage by including healthcare goals in human rights declarations, constitutions, and health policy documents (Adeyemo, 2005). Expanding health insurance is a strategy that countries use to alleviate the adverse health outcomes of all citizens, especially the poorest. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Pluralistic and sharply divided societies all over the world attempt to manage their diversities, divisive and  different tendencies through one or combination of policy alternatives in the organization and management of their public services for performance; and Nigeria is not an exception (Owoyemi and  Sheehan, 2011). Often times, these policy […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study The last three decades have witnessed unprecedented global transformation occasioned by a chain of innovations and paradigm shifts like liberalization, privatization etc, with enhanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) serving as the major catalysing factor (Achimugu et al, 2013). The emergence of information communication technologies has brought a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study Corruption is a global phenomenon. It is not the exclusive preserve of any nation, race or section of the world but transcends national boundaries and frontiers and symbolizes phenomenal universal unwholesomeness politically (Aluko, 2009 in Iyanda, 2012). Corruption is no doubt a global phenomenon that has threatened and still […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The general consensus among economists and policy analysts at the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international agencies is that corruption is a universal problem, but with more debilitating effects felt in emerging and developing countries, such as those found in Africa, Asia and Middle […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The general consensus among economists and policy analysts at the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international agencies is that corruption is a universal problem, but with more debilitating effects felt in emerging and developing countries, such as those found in Africa, Asia and Middle […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background to the study Employment contract (EC) is part of the broader public sector reforms aimed at improving efficiency and effectiveness in the management of the public services. Peterson (2005) defines performance contract as a freely negotiated performance agreement between the government, acting as the owner of a government agency and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: It is noteworthy that Nigeria is an agrarian country with about 70% of her over 170 million population engaged in agricultural production (NBS/CBN, 2006) and provides subsistence for two-thirds (2/3) of Nigerians who are low income earners (Usman, 2006). While the Northern region of the country can guarantee […]