CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY A bank can be defined as an organization whose principal operation are concerned with the accumulation of temporarily idle money of the general public from the purpose of advancing to others for expenditures. John page defined a bank “A corporation or person(s) who accept money on current account, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In the Nigerian Banking system considering the last decade the Commercial Banking to be precise had under gone a rapid expansion both in terms of the number of Institution and the scope of Financial services rendered.  As bank licensing was liberalized so was the seed of instability sown […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigerian Banking system considering the last decade the Commercial Banking to be praise had undergone a rapid expansion both in terms of the number of Institution and the scope of financial services rendered. As bank increasing was liberalized so was the scared of instability sown in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   STATEMENT TO PROBLEM Seeing all the adequate measures such as internal control auditing, separation of duties, monitoring of branch operations, application of diplomacy actions etc. in order to control fraud and forgery in the Nigerian banking industries, still there is fraud and forgery in the Nigeria banking industry. More still, banks […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRUDUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO STUDY The banking system in Nigeria from 1993 till data has been characterized by diverse mismanagement resorting from so many factors ranging from volume of capital to bank reserve in made of transaction, bankers/customer relationship and on the human factor frauds which have till date been threatening the corporate existence […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Fraud can be described as a conscious premeditated action of a person or group of persons with the intention of altering the truth or fact for selfish personal monetary gain. It involves the use of deceit and trick and sometimes highly intelligent cunning and know how.  The action […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1.  BACKGROUND TO  THE STUDY According to akinsami o. (1993) page 2” agriculture can be defined as the cultivation of load for the purpose of producing food for main feed for animals and fiber or raw materials for industries; it is also preparation of plant and animals products for preservation and disposal […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Lease is defined as an agreement where by the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for rent the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. Most writers believe that equipment leasing started in 1977, the year that bell telephone first rented in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND T0 THE STUDY The main aim of this research work is an attempt to verify the indiscriminate increase in the prices of commodities produced in this part of the country by manufacturing organization and companies.  This continuous rise in prices has attracted the attention of many citizens, mostly those who have […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The relative insufficiency of funds for capital investment is a common factor in every economy especially in developing countries of the ward, like Nigeria. Finding a solution to these problems of providing funds for capital investment has been a major pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria one […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banks have been credited generally with enviable role of being a very important source of funds or capital for the development of the economy. This recognition largely emanates from the roles assumed by most banking institutions in mobilizing various deposits and channeling some towards feasible and viable […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Bank have been credited generally with enviable role of being a very important source of funds or capital for the development of the economy. This recognition largely emanates from the roles assumed by most banking institute in mobilizing various deposits and channeling some towards feasible and viable […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It has already been stated that money is a common denomination in which the rate relative value of goods and services can be expressed. Throughout history any community which form itself into a nation for the purpose of self-government immediately introduce its own distinctive unit of account –monetary […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY During the pre-and post-independence period Nigerian market were flooded with foreign goods including cosmetics, There was a greater enthusiasm for specialization in importation for sale rather than in local production sale.  The scramble for the importation of ready- make –goods into the country for sale was so great […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Bank marketing has been defined as the creation and delivery of services that will satisfy the needs of customers at a profit to the bank. From the definition above, it is seen that the customer who is the ultimate target of bank marketing must be satisfied. With […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Motivation of customers is a very important tool to be used by financial institution like banks. Therefore I want to investigate the benefits of banks if they (customers) are being motivated by banks. Banks can motivate customers by giving sales promotion, increasing the interest rate of depositors especially those that operate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The naira exchange rate depreciation coupled with persist increase in the inflationary rate has been a major bane on economy of Nigeria.  To a layman inflation is a phenomena to embrace as his income increases daily without knowing the harmful side of such an increase.  Whether there […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is more important or convenient to trace the origin of banking and it meaning before moving into the causes of bank distress in Nigeria economy. Banking originated in England through the activities of the Gold Smiths, who by often keeping money in safes for their customers realized […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual. Fraud is a crime and a civil law violation. Defrauding people of money is presumably the most common type of fraud. Customers of banks are currently experiencing increase in fraud schemes. Scams to get a customer personal information […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY With an award match to becoming an industrialized nation, Nigeria is witnessing true emergence of human resources as professional, which made possible  the establishment of service industries and other business organizations.  This belief was rather so strong  that the urge to provide financial services can no longer be overlooked.  to accelerate economic […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION I.I   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Before the establishment of the Central Bank of Nigeria the West African Currency Board (WACB) which was established in 1912 had the responsibility for issuing legal tender currency. The WACB was set up to promote the financing of the export trade. It was the duty of WACB to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY. The history of banking in Nigeria dates back to pre- independence period, the establishment of banking was motivated by the urge on the part of government to inculcate banking culture in the people and the desire of the people themselves to means of making financial intermediation easy, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A tax could be defined as a compulsory payment levied on individuals by government for paying a specific percentage of their earning or a specified amount in order to raise revenue for development purposes. A tax according to Agyei (2013) could also be defined as the transfer of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A tax could be defined as a compulsory payment levied on individuals by government or paying a specific percentage of their earnings or a specific amount of money in order to raise revenue for development purposes.  A tax according to Agyei (2015) defines tax as “the transfer […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The community bank is a financial institution established to carter to the savings and credit needs of small – scale producers throughout the country. Thus, the institution represents the coalescence and modernization of traditional institutions with which most Nigerians are very familiar with, the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The effect of computer application in the Banking sector can never be over emphasized. During the middles of the twenties century, there was a proliferation of various capabilities and sizes in almost all the aspects of human endeavor. One might be very correct to say that Computer […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY This chapter provides the background to the Nigerian banking industry in the year 2001 with the Nigerian banks in focus. It is indisputable that inspite of the competition going on in the already existing banks within the industry.  Many new generation banks still spring up.  These are as a result of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Security market or financial market in a broad sense is an institutions arrangement that facilitates the intermediation of funds in an economy. Financial intermediation means the mobilization of financial resources from surplus –spending unity and channeling of such funds to deficit –spending units for productive investment and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Organization both profit and non-profit oriented need funds (financial assets) for their numerous operations. That is why all  organizations irrespective of their legal forms, device a means their day- to –day operations. The funds sourced are not normally kept idle by the organization rather they are either being […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In initiating and setting up any business concern, the first and the most important issue that quickly comes to mind is finance (money). This is because the availability of adequate fund will enable the investor to employ the necessary input labour, equipment and machinery power, utilities, suppliers and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A financial institution is an organize body concern with the management of money. This to say that the institution is responsible for the lending and borrowing of money. In other word, it is the institution involved in financial intermediation where money is mobilized and is channeled from the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Since creation, there has been quest by man to improve on the quality of his life and existence.  This ever-increasing quest has been necessitated and propelled by the simple need to address the challenges posed by his environment.  Borne out of this need, a number of inventions have been made […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Financial accounting covers those activities related to the preparation of certain reports which are known as financial statement. These statements reports the financial status of a firm at a particular time the firms activities and resulting profit or losses during the most recent period and the flow of resources occurring within the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND  THE STUDY. The period of between 1972 to 1990 was a period described in the history of Nigeria economy as the period of oil boom within which time incoherent application of generated revenue from sale of crude oil was made. The various government many medium scale industries in various parts […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In Nigeria the central bank which is at the apex of the banking apples a variety of policy measure and technique with which to control and regulate money and credit in other to attain the desire for necessary to sue the package of discussing the efficiency or other […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Monetary polices in Nigeria and the United Kingdom, the central bank of Nigeria and the bank of England act as advisers to the government over monetary polices. The authorities take the final decision on the matters. In Germany, the contrast in the case because the German central, the bunds bank of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Recently, there have been some resentment shown by some organizations as a result of the disappointment that they encountered while interviewing people who are supposed to have been trained as secretaries. It is also an experience that is becoming common or rather already common with students dispatched […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigerian economy was propelled by the astronomical increase in petroleum prices and the subsequent increase in foreign exchange in flow in the 1970s sound uchendu (2014) this new wealth resulted to a consumption pattern and taste, which altered aggregate demand in favor of imported goods, services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Every organization has the need to increase sales volume in order to yield maximum profit to the organization; at the same time to create awareness of the products of the organization and finally convince customers to make purchases commitment to the organizations brand of products. Advertising basically […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The development of central banking can be said to date from the middle of the 19th century, but precisely, there is no exact date when banking started in Nigeria. Historically, records showed that domestic banking activities started in 1961, when a shipping company Elder Dempter lines started banking services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY One of the indices for measuring the development of an economy is the size, maturity and safety of its banking industry. This is because the banking industry plays a very important role in the mobilization and utilization of investible resources (financial) in the economy. It acts as the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The burden of tax falls heaviest on those with smallest income earning (odoh, 2014). An accurate record of business transaction and income tax becomes difficult. Some tax collection and assessors are dishonest. There are cases of bribery and corruptions and also the cases of tax […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Unemployment is an issue that has generated debates from every nook and cranny of the world. Its impact was more, felt during the industrial revolution when the dimension of man power absorption changed towards the consideration of skill as a fundamental pre-requisite. However, over the years, government […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Over the year, Nigeria government has been making series of effort attaining a highly industrialized self-reliant economy. These efforts have been due to the obvious realization by the government of the important of industrialization in economic development of economy and so the importance of manufacturing sector of Nigerian […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY As a result of Increasing School Leavers Unemployment in the 1970s the Nigerian Government Introduced the new National Policy on Education in 1981. A major provision of the policy was the Introduction of the training of Banking and Finance Studies of Junior Secondary School (JSS) Level with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Standard trust bank PLC commercial operations in August 1997 as a commercial bank with five business offices driven by a board of directors, a management team and staff focused on revolutionizing the Nigerian banking industry. Following the resolution of the board of directors at an extra-ordinary general meeting […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1  INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The bank has a full range of banking services and products provided to delight their customers. They include: personal savings account, personal current account, standard share account, domiciliary account and so on Decision taking is a life wire of any organization as the future growth of the enterprise […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   STATEMENT OF PROBLEM / OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The commercial banks provides their numerous customer across the county with the full range of commercial money market banking products (service) but not related to currents savings and deposit accounts. Loans and overdrafts provision of international money market banking services, export credits and financial  advisory […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  Organizations need training and development to make sure they met with the changing circumstances, more especially in banking sector training and development are needed to cope with the standard required in the banking business. Training and development will increase performance and productivities, employees morals, better coordination of man […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Revenue allocation in a federal community like Nigeria, may be describe as an attempt by the central  government to reduce the inequalities among its different units, as regard to the financial  resources available in the country. Within the economy, there are several possible inequalities such as population, size, wealth, level […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0      INTRODUCTION This project is based on organization and management problem of rural water supply in Nigeria. A case study of Anambra State water co-operation Nnewi. Nigeria is blessed by nature with lot of natural resources among which among which water is one of them. Water as it is said is life, it is […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION Marketers should not only think of customers satisfaction as the key to profitability. The marketer operates in an environment.  Where several forces are in a state of dynamic tension and these forces must never be under estimated by the marketer.  Socially responsible marketing recognizes that the organization is part of a larger society […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION The banking act of 1960 defined banking as business. The business of receiving monies from outside sources as deposits, irrespective of the payment of interest, and the granting of money loans and acceptance of credits or the purchase of bills and cheque and sales of securities for accounts of others. Bank may […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study Budgeting is essentially concerned with planning. According to Hausen (1990). Dr. Jones discovered, failure of plan, either formally or informally, can lead to financial disaster. Careful planning is vital to the health of any organization. If that is the case, what role does budgeting play in planning […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Banking business started as far back as the seventeenth century. When the receipts issued by Goldsmiths to depositors were used as a means of exchange in commercial transaction. Because these receipts were accepted generally, they became transferable too. A bank is an institution where money and valuables […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Government, established bank for development purpose and the role played by banking industry in an economic development cannot be over emphasized Some banks are owned by government for example first bank of Nigeria union bank etc.some by the combination of government and individuals. However, banks in Nigeria and the other countries of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In Nigeria, there are manufacturing firms that manage to manufacture on small-scale basis.  The manufacturing enterprises make such local consumable as garri pomade, detergents, sachet water, foot wears, garment, corn flour, cassava flour, and pastries including bread, cake, meat pie, fish roll, toast etc other relevant manufactured products […]

Abstract In Nigeria the recognition of the economic significance of small-scale enterprises is only a recent phenomenon. Hitherto, the adopted industrialization strategy, which originated in the colonial era, encouraged the undistracted use of imported raw materials to produce import substitutes. To the extent that this strategy was biased towards large-scale production activities, it invariably undermined […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Agriculture is defined as the cultivation of land for the purpose of producing food for man, feed for animal and fiber or raw material for our industries. It is includes the processing and marketing of crops”. In order words, it embraces all activities  involved in the primary and controlled […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Investigation are been carry out in this project, central bank of Nigeria is a financial institution establishment by the law (Act of parliament) vested with power of promoting monetary stability sound financial system by issuing legal tended currency, maintain the value of domestic currency etc. CBN source of funds were form share […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The central bank’s responsibility for the management of the nation’s external debt started at the inception of the bank itself in July 1959 when it took off Nigerian’s share of the sterling assets of the nations external reserves in the bank in 1962. The responsibility was enlarged through it’s two comes prudent […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Agriculture is defined as the science or practice of farming ie cultivation and production of raw materials for industries. It is well known that farming is the oldest occupation in the world and indeed it remain till date, one in which the largest number of people are engaged. The vast majority of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY In the part decade and this present decade there have been seminars conference, article, journals and various publications by both local national and international organization on the sharp decline in Agricultural production on these various programmes, they emphasized on the need to promote Agricultural production, to reduce the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Privatization means the relinquishing of part or all the equity and other interest held by the Government or its agencies or enterprises whether wholly or partly owned by the Federal Government. This means reduction of public sector intention in the economic activities divestiture of government activities. Privatization can […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY. In the role of commercial banks in financing small –scale enterprises in Nigeria economy, there has not been a lot of work but the available few have given an in –depth up to date study of its operation.    In Nigeria economy, attention has been drawn to the fact […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUD According to Orjih, Commercial Banking in Nigeria dates back to the early colonial period. The decline in Banker system of trade and the rise in financial transaction of the colonial government required an institution in the form of commercial bank for safety and transmission of funds. It […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY This chapter is mainly concerned with the efforts at expanding the economic base of the rural area which are always backwards because of scarcity of and restrictive access to loanable funds.  In solving the problem, previous government in their economic policies have lied on development banking and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria and indeed all developing nation are in dare need of any instrument of help to wriggle out of the quagmire of under development. The various concerns of respective regimes in these countries and primarily on the food, shelter, clothing and other essential needs that make life […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO STUDY When God created man, the lest man with divine injection as recorded in the holy file. Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subduing the word as a mega society and the rural areas as a micro society of the overall good of man economically, politically and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY This introduction is many concerned with the effort of community banks in rural development which is backwards due to certain problems that hinder them, such as infrastructural facilities, shortage of manpower, problem of security and so on. The evolution of community banks in Nigeria can be traced to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The advent of financial innovation such as credit cards, smarts cards, electronic transfers in the payment system and more recently, the linking of the Internet banking have transformed the world into a global village linked with electronic impulses.  The concept of electronic money was introduced in 1996 when […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As a developing country, Nigeria is a net importer of capital. They need foreign exchange to finance exchange earnings from all, which contributes a major, part other total foreign exchange earning. Since the financial sector, in general and the banks in particular, are the nere centers of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The financial Institutions are essential agents in the development of an economy. They engage in financial inter-mediation, which provides the needed financial resources to the various sections of the economy where they are required for purposes of development. These institutions because of the vital role the play […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION As part of the reform measures taken to strengthen the supervisory all over the banking sector, the Nigeria deposit insurance corporation (NDIC) was established in 1985 by decree No 22 in order to promote public confidence in Nigeria banks. But in addition to this, there was also the long-term need to create […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION As part of the reform measures taken to strengthen the supervisory all over the banking sector, the Nigeria deposit insurance corporation (NDIC) was established in 1985 by decree No 22 in order to promote public confidence in Nigeria banks. But in addition to this, there was also the long-term need to create […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND  TO THE STUDY Product management embraces the task of adjusting the product throughout its life to match the ever-changing demands of the market place.  Too many organizations make the mistake of thinking that consumers fed and act as they do ad share their wants. The job of managing a product, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The sole objectives of any business in the private sector are to make profit but the uncertainty inherent in today’s economic environment threatens the survival of every business and makes sound liquidity and cash management. The local point for financial management rather than achievement of maximum profit, for […]

ABSTRACT This research work was designed to determine the role of small and medium enterprise in the development of Nigeria economy. Some selected enterprises were used as a case study and questionnaires were administered in order to extract information on this project. The objectives of the study include to identify the roles of small and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The performance of the Nigeria banking sector has been a serious concern to the generality of Nigeria. Such Nigerians includes but are not restricted to politicians, the military, the academic community  , industrialist , traders, and even the peasant community. As one reflects on the present state of the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Twenty five years is rather short in the history of an industry. In advance country of the world particularly united kingdom where the history of banking industry date have couple of strike taking. Merchant banks (Acceptance houses as they are best known in the U.K. and investment bank as they are known […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the Study This term paper goes into the analysis of the external reserves position in Nigerian. It embodies the previous problems currents problems and future recommendation. Its of a great important to the student of financial and business studies and those in economics. It is also important to business […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The recent upsurge of concern by retail and wholesale bankers for the enthronement of credit risk management into their operational process had been adjudged by credit analysis as timely and relevant. Financial institutions are exposed to risk taking of which credit risk is probably the most important. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The new millennium brought with it new possibilities in terms of information access and availability simultaneously, introducing new challenges in protecting sensitive information from some individuals while making it available to others. Today’s business environment is extremely dynamic and experience rapid changes as a result of technological […]

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. CONCEPTUAL REVIEW 2.1.1 CONCEPT OF ASSET PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT The dictionary of accounting defined portfolio as the collection of different securities or other assets held by an individual or an institution which can be evaluated interns of their combined risk and return. This risk of a portfolio does not depend nor […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In any evaluation of the condition necessary for the growth and survival of an organization, the role of performance appraisal is a strategic factor. It is believed that both the individual and the organization need to know how well actual performance is contributing to the accomplishment of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRUDUCTION 1.1      Background Of Study A farmer, who plants corps, expects result, similarly to student who sits for examination expects results. The same is also true of an investor. For the farmer, the result might be communicated to him in the form of a bumper harvest. It result sheet or a report card would […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  Following the uncertainties prevailing in the Nigerian business environment today, managers and stakeholders must be poised and prepared to compete favourably under these rapidly shifting conditions. In order to survive under these environmental complexities and vagueness managers and stakeholders of both private and public sectors need sharp […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY One of the prerequisites for the development of national economy according to Ajayi et al, 2006 is by encouraging a payment system that is secured, convenient, and affordable. The world today is moving away from paper payment system to electronic means, especially payment cards (Humphrey, 2014). In […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  Leadership is a subject that has long excited interest among scholars and managers of men and resources. The term connotes images of powerful dynamic persons who command victorious grieves, direct corporate empires from top gleaming skyscraper of shape the  course of nation (Yukul 2011). Interest in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY A major function of the banking system is the transfer of funds from the surplus units to deficit units of the economy. This is achieved through deposit mobilization and onward lending to customers by ways of loans and advances. Most investment companies in Nigeria today cannot equivocally […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The main objective of writing this project “on the evaluation of financial abuse in the federal inland revenue service” is to bring to the notice of the readers the source from which government derived its revenue and how its expenditure controlled and also to identify the evaluation of […]

CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banking has never been more important to our society than it is today. The way Bill Gates (2014) announced that « banking is essential, banks are not ». This quotation means that the traditional bank branch is going to vanish in order to be surrogated by electronic banking which […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Every organisation both profit and non-profit has its objectives and goals in mind to achieve (Chukwu, 2012). For a profit making organisation, the goal is to satisfy the expectation of the owners through the maximization of expected return on capital. The size and scope of Small and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In a competitive marketplace, to achieve a satisfactory level of profitability must be learned by the business owners. Profitability is the ratio to measure the performance of the company. It is a main aspect in a company’s financial reporting. The profitability of a company shows a company’s […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUN OF THE STUDY Financial institutions play the critical role of mobilizing savings from the surplus economic units and directing same to the deficit economic units for investment purposes. The financial system is the central nervous system of every economy, especially, a market economy. It comprises a number of separate but […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Agricultural sector has been identified as one of the sectors that can help drive the Nigerian economy at this critical time that crude oil as a major source of revenue for the nation is falling at the international market. The present administration has reiterated that the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The banking system plays a fundamental role in the growth and development of any economy. In fact, the health of the banking system of a nation determines the well-being of the economy (Osaze 2010).The  banking sector in Nigeria had undergone a number of major reforms over the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The capital market is a common feature of every modern economy and is reputed, amongst other things, to perform critical capital allocation functions which promote economic growth and stimulate orderly industrial development. Usman, Ahmed and Yahaya (2014) posited that the capital market is a common feature of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Micro and small businesses are believed to be the engine room for the development of any economy because they form the bulk of business activities in a growing economy like that of Nigeria (Ashamu, 2014). Since Nigeria attained independence in 1960, considerable efforts have been directed towards […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In every developing and developed economy, the capital market has been identified as an institution that drives growth and development.  The capital market is a conduit for the demand and supply of debt and equity capital then channel funds to firms with relatively high and increasing productivity […]