ABSTRACT Based on the presentation and analysis of data on the topic CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN NIGERIA BANKING SECTOR” the following are the major findings.Inefficient management has contributed significantly to the financial distress in Nigeria banking sector. This was approved statistically with the chi-square test techniques. It was also discovered […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  STATEMENT TO PROBLEM Initially, fraud (ie deliberate effort to obtain financial advantage of a person unlawfully) was become the problematic term inhibiting the proper functioning or operation of bank. As scrutinized experience  bank inspectors and auditors that totally implication or hazard  impact  of fraud in Nigeria economy is reduction on economic growth and development (Okechukwu […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this research work is to study the principles involved in controlling of customers account by the Commercial Banks operating within the country. It also high lights the different methods of operating various customers account that are being operated by the Commercial Banks. Controlling of the operations of customers account has been […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It will not be easy to say the exact date fraud began in the Nigerian Banking Industry. However, we are going to have a look at dates of the establishment of the first two indigenous banks in Nigeria as this will help us to trace the origin […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study The importance of a banking sector in any economy derives from its role of financial intermediation; provision of an efficient payment system and facilitating the implementation of monetary policies.  Hence, an efficient and effective banking sector is essential not only for the promotion of efficient intermediation but also […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The origin of banking in Nigeria date back to the days of goldsmith in Venice and up till today personal services is still the main of banks output for her customers.Services is the central banks motto in the distribution of its various production packages and marketing strategy […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The word fraud refers to the irregularities involving the use of criminal deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. It send a wave of doubts, curiosity, anxiety and concern to people as regards the safety of be it financial or otherwise. It exists in different sectors […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION In the history of Nigeria, most of the Governments at one time or the other and also the articulate members of the public have recognized the growing need of Urban infrastructure Development in Nigeria. This can easily be inferred from the alarming rate of urbanization in Nigeria. Over the past few years […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria since the oil boom in the early 70’s has been a victim of a monolithic economy and since then has been enjoying the so called ‘Petro Naira’ without adequately evolving a sound policy that will keep the nation’s economy in a firm foundation for steady growth.  […]

ABSTRACT To start with, the goal of every operation staff is to deliver quality service and in the process excite the customer. Through information given it is obvious that automated clearing system in Nigeria has improved payment service. The purpose of clearing banks to make the process more manageable. Method used in this project work […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The business environment is always changing and therefore requires a dynamic strategized adaptation to these changes by businesses that wish to survive. These changes could be social, economic, legal, technological, etc (Acha, 2016: 109; Akpan, 2015: 23). In recent time, quantum improvements and innovations have been recorded […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Many corporate bodies into problems because of mismanagement of working capital and inability to determine the effectiveness of working capital component on the organization performance. Working capital is the backbone of any organization be it finance / bank, manufacturing or trading. It is so because, if working […]

CHAPTER ONE Introduction Human Resource is a management approach that is aimed at understanding how psychological and social process interacts with the work situation to influence performance. Human relations are the first major approach to emphasize information work relationship and work satisfaction. As global workplace becomes a reality, companies, both large and small require human […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Liquidity management seeks ensure the attainment of short-term objectives of monetary policy, which means maintenance of desire monetary aggregate. It is very important aspect of monetary policy implementation and control commercial banks. Create money everyday but when the quality of money created in incompatible with the absorption […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The history of UBA can be traced to British and French Limited, which originated from BANOGE NATIONAL four Le Commerce etc industries (established in 1832). Early in 1949, Messer E.E Hunger Buler and C. H. Baker were seconded from Banyae National Pour le Commerce etc industries (established […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Bank plays important roles in the economic life of a country particularly a developing nation through the provision of banking services. As agent of development, they provide loans and advance including a variety of contingent facilities, which could either be short term or long terms. This explains why credit guidelines contained in […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The effect of information communication technology (ICT) in banks deposit mobilization and profitability in Nigeria cannot be underrated, the technology advancement has brought the introduction of computer system into the recent banking operations. The introduction of computer and communication technology in the banking industry has been greatly […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE EXTENDED ESSAY The administration of credit can be regarded as important to financial institutions in any economy. Consequently the formulation and implementation of bound credit policies among the most crucial responsibilities of management in any financial institution. Thus this formulation of a sound credit policy is a necessary condition […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The livewire of any organization setting is labour force. To this extent, human elements have been recognized as the most important resources. The behaviour of people is goal oriented in the sense that it attempt to satisfy certain need. Each person has different needs based on age, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The level of fraud in the day Nigeria has assumed an epidemic dimension. It has eaten deep in to very aspect of a having to the extent that a three-year-odd-child talks about 419. Fraud id defined as a deliberate act of deceiving somebody in all illegal way in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Historical background first bank of Nigeria for over a century has distinguished itself as a leading banking institution and as major contributor to the economic advancement and development of Nigeria. Founded in 1894 by shipping magnate from Liverpool, Sir Alfred Jones, the bank commenced operation as a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study Today’s business environment is very dynamic and undergoes rapid changes as a result of technological innovation, increased awareness and demands from customers. Business organizations, especially the banking industry of the 21st century operates in a complex and competitive environment characterized by these changing conditions and highly unpredictable economic […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Liquidity management seeks to ensure the attainment of short term objectives of monetary policy, which means maintenance of dose rue monetary aggregate. It is very important aspect of monetary policy implementation and control. Universal banks create money every day, but when the quantity created is compatible with […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY With the current level of competition in the banking industry, the area which make the banking comfortable is definitely over the threat posed by the announcement of a new capitalization requirements of #25 billion for all banks by the Central Bank of Nigeria in July, (2004) introduced […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY American marketing association approved an expanded definition of marketing in 1987, the previous definition – the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data had been criticized because it reviewed marketing research activities too narrowly. The new definition state marketing research is the function which links the customer […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY To achieve a set of organizational goals and objectives, companies conceptualize, design, and implement various strategies. These strategies can be corporate, business, or functional. Marketing strategies constitute one of the functional strategies amenable to application by contemporary companies in order to enhance performance. Marketing has been defined and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Micro finance has evolved as an economic development approach intended to benefit low income women and men. The term refers to the provision of financial services to low – income earners, including the self – employed. Financial services generally include savings and credit; however, some microfinance organizations […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Commercial banking in Nigeria dated back to 1892, when what emerged as the bank of British West Africa (now bank of Nigeria) was established. This was followed in 1917 by the Barclays bank now Union Bank of Nigeria. The Nigeria banking scene was monopolized by these two banks until […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study When we talk about the background we are to dance down to the information meaning of information technology and what is all about, since it is the central of thought. However, according to Akuwudike and Ugwu (2012), information communication technology is the collection and gathering recording, storage, processing and communication […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is know fact that banks help to accelerate the growth and development of a developed and developing economy. Consequently, finance becomes an important ingredient in the economic development of a nation and communities alike. Thus, the relevance of microfinance banks (formerly known as community bank) in promoting […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  The key features of the world economy since the 1980’s are the world trade. This has introduced serious competition threads in the domestics and export market of developing countries. Industries output are the goods produced by industries for the consumption of individual’s organizations government and the entire […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Personal management is a branch of a whole general management which could be addressed both in the management and operative function performed by the personnel management is development, which has to do with the increase of skills through TRAINING that is necessary for proper job performance. Training […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION This research work is an attempt to review thoroughly the effectiveness or otherwise of internal control system and procedure in a banking environment. A case study of Wema Bank Plc. The importance of an effective internal audit, internal check and control system cannot be overemphasized. More so with government policy of promoting […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION It is very obvious that the financial system in any economy is the bedrock within which capital is formulated, those take place  and it made possible by the intermediation of bank and non bank financial institution. 1.1   BACK GROUND TO THE STUDY The non banking financial institutions are the type of specialist intermediaries, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It has become necessary to take a cursory look at the concept of debts, its ramification and problems associated with management. The issue of problem associated with loans advance management prompts the this central bank of Nigeria (CBN) to reduce the guidelines in a circular entitled “prudential […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background to the Study Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are devices used by bank customers to process account transactions. Typically, a user inserts into the ATM a special plastic card that is encoded with information on a magnetic strip. The strip contains an identification code that is transmitted to the bank’s central […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The objective of this research work shows how the banking services increases customer satisfaction and also boost their patronage with particular reference to First Bank of Nigeria Plc. However, it is used to measure the level of customer satisfaction and services rendered in the banking industry in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The growth of economy and development of banking have often appeared inseparable until l7 century, there had existed on modern banking institution anywhere, and there had on modern developed economy. Before 1892, Nigeria was evidently underdeveloped economically, even in 1975, however, despite the growth in the number of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Today’s business environment is very dynamic and undergoes rapid changes as a result of technological innovation, increased awareness and demands from customers. The application of information and communication technological concepts, techniques, policies and implementation strategies of banking services has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banking business in Nigeria dated back to 1982 with the commencement of Africa Banking Operation and since then the number of banks has increased with the banking industry. This, the struggle to gain customers among these banks because intensive as they introduced different schemes to alters customers. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The downturn in the nation’s economy ever since termination of the Republic in 1984 and coming of the military thereafter is no longer news. Series of efforts by the various government whether sincere of insincere towards improving the betterment of the economy are also appreciated. Of importance to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Every industry including banking has an underlying structure or a set of fundamental economic and technical characteristics which give rise to competitive forces. A firm can clearly improve or erode its position within an industry through its choice of strategy. Competitive strategy, then, not only responds to the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Financial scandals and misappropriation around the world and the recent collapse of large corporate organization in the USA and Europe have brought to the fore, again, the need for the practice of sound corporate governance, which is the system by which the affairs of companies are directed and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study There is currently considerable interest in the topic of internal control systems and its contribution to exact management of any business economic resources (Kantzos & Chondraki, 2016; Rittenberg, 2016). This developing role of the internal controls is also reflected in its current definition as posited by Cahill (2016) […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The last two decades have been seen as a proliferation of systematic banking problems around the world. Banking crisis has threatened macro-economic stability through their affect on capital outflows and external balance. The banking sector serves as the nerve centre of any modern economy being the repository of […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study Modern banks now realized that only those that over haul their payment service delivery and operations are likely to survive and prosper in the 21st century (Opara 2010). This was due to pressure of globalization, consolidation, privatization deregulation, and rapidly changing technology in order to properly place themselves in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Banks play a vital role in economic development of a nation. Time continued strength and stability of the banking system, is a matter of general concern as they hold the savings of the public, provide means of payment for goods and service and financial development of business and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTROUDCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The financial function has always been important in management irrespective of any difference in structures, Ownership and size. The financial organization of any business enterprise ought to be cable of ensuring that various aspects of its financial activities including planning and controlling are carried out at the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study As in many other industries in the Nigerian economy, most banks are faced with problem of fraud. It might be a gross-over statement to call the Nigerian banking system citadels of frauds. Whilst, very truly, fraudulent practices are rampart in Nigeria the level (amount and number) of fraud […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The role of the banking system as an engine of economic growth is appreciated by the functions, the constituency performs. The banking sector provides liquidity that services the needs of the economy, facilitates the mobilization of surplus funds from both domestic and foreign sources and optimally allocates such mobilized […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study As a result of the relative prominence accorded to the banking industry, no mention made of the economical development of any country (Nigeria not excepted) without reference to the banking sector, Thus, an attempt is made here (with respect to the principal purposes which this study is meant […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The relevance of banks in the economy of any nation cannot be overemphasized. They are the cornerstones of the economy of a country. Banks play the important role of promoting economic growth and development through the process of financial intermediation; in this process, banks facilitate capital formation and lubricate the production process. This […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Banks all over the world have through their unique position in the economy contributed immensely to economic growth and development of nations, hence the banking sector in any country plays fundamental role in increasing the level of economic activity. A bank is any person, partnership, or company that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Internal control, the strength of every organization, has become of paramount importance today in Nigeria banks; the reason being that the control system in any organization is a pillar for an efficient accounting system. The need for internal control systems in the organization, especially banks cannot be undermined, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The banking system and other financial institutions are normally approached by some groups of individual in order to acquire necessary capital with which to execute their business plans. One of the objectives of commercial banks is the generation of profit, and this is realized through the bank’s ability […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Before the recapitalization policy was implemented, the Nigerian banking industry could be likened to a financial landscape that was flooded with adverse, negative, unwanted implications and practices such as poor, declining capacity utilization, weak financial systems, bank failures, bank mismanagement and crisis etc. Until Tuesday July 6, 2004 […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study If you ask four (4) different people who invented the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) there is a good chance that you may receive four different answers. Four (4) or more individual, have actually claim to have invented the Automated Teller Machine (ATM). Including “Don Wetzel, George Simjian, John […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Given the magnitude of economic problems that confronts Nigeria especially since the early 1980s such a stagement growth, rising inflation, unemployment, food shortage and mounting external debt the necessity for economic reforms become paramount. It was considered that failure to initiate reforms which would seriously jeopardize the long […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Every organization both profit or non-profit organization has its objectives and goals in mind to achieve. For the non-profit making organization, their goal is to satisfy the social need of the citizens and in the effort to achieve these purposes supervision more often than not play a vital […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study Cash liquidity reflects a financial institution’s ability to fund assets and meet financial obligations. Cash liquidity is essential in all banks to meet customer withdrawals, compensate for balance sheet fluctuations, and provide funds for growth. Funds management involves estimating liquidity requirements and meeting those needs in a cost-effective […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The role of the banking system as an engine of economic growth is appreciated by the functions, the constituency performs. The banking sector provides liquidity that services the needs of the economy, facilitates the mobilization of surplus funds from both domestic and foreign sources and optimally allocates such mobilized […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The ideal of micro-finance banking become necessary due to the inability of the conventional banking schemes to mobilize the dormant funds in rural area and channel them into needy factor. Besides, small business and the rural farmers needed to inculcate banking culture. Their idle funds needed to be […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study The ideal of micro-finance banking become necessary due to the inability of the conventional banking schemes to mobilize the dormant funds in rural area and channel them into needy factor. Besides, small business and the rural farmers needed to inculcate banking culture. Their idle funds needed to be […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Information and communication technology (ICT) is an instruction technology to enhance the effective service delivery by banks in Nigeria; it is the application of organized or scientific knowledge to practical tasks of using the system. According to Akinola and Aremu, (2010) instructional technologies incorporate the tools and making […]

IMPACT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ON MARKETING OF BANKING SERVICE CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The success of an organization can be derived from the efficiency and effectiveness of its own resources .public relation is one of the most difficult concepts to define .This is because it seems so easy to understand but […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The banking system is a very strong element of the entire edifice of the nation. A bank is simply an institution that provides the minimum banking services and which is licensed by the federal government as a banking institution. Such minimum banking services includes; (a)  Acceptance of deposit […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The financial system of most developing nations have come under stress as a result of the economic stock of the 1980s. the economic stocks largely manifested through initiate distortions of sizes of the financial system relative to non-financial magnitude (Davidson & Gabriel, 2015). Rasheed (2010) states […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study The downturn in the nation’s economy ever since termination of the Republic in 1984 and coming of the military thereafter is no longer news. Series of efforts by the various government whether sincere of insincere towards improving the betterment of the economy are also appreciated. Of importance […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study Every industry including banking has an underlying structure or a set of fundamental economic and technical characteristics which give rise to competitive forces. A firm can clearly improve or erode its position within an industry through its choice of strategy. Competitive strategy, then, not only responds to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background to the Study There is currently considerable interest in the topic of internal control systems and its contribution to exact management of any business economic resources (Kantzos & Chondraki, 2016; Rittenberg, 2016). This developing role of the internal controls is also reflected in its current definition as posited by […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the Study Today, companies are faced with societal pressure and there is a paradigm shift in the perception of stakeholder that companies is expected to act as a responsible citizen towards their community. And that community development is part of the socio corporate responsibility of the company. This therefore […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In the old Nigeria pension system, only public sector employees were covered, by way of statutory compulsion. The first public sector pension scheme in Nigeria was the pension ordinance of 1951, with retroactive effect from January 1, 1946. The law allowed the governor general to grant pens […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY             The entire world has become increasingly aware of the destructive effect of a lack of accountability and transparency in both public and private life. This awareness is so pervasive throughout the world that governments, business organizations and non- governmental organizations alike are involved in crusades to promote accountability […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A bank could be described as a major financial institution which include finance houses, insurance companies mortgage companies etc. the main function of these financial institution are to provide financial support to those who are in need. Apart from this function, banks perform other function like rendering […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The period of consolidation in the banking sub-sector in Nigeria (July 2004 –December 2005) was a period of change that created anxiety and concerns for employees in the banks. This is because on the long run they are at the receiving end. To many employees, the news […]

ABSTRACT Stock market capitalisation rate simply means the discount rate used to determine the present value of future earnings in the capital market while interest rate means opportunity cost of borrowing. This study examines the relationships between stock market capitalisation rate and interest rate. The study reveals that the prevailing interest rate exerts positives influence […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The level of fraud in the present day Nigeria has assumed an epidemic dimension. Frauds in the banks are not new. They are as old as the industry itself. However, like in the greater society, they have become one of the most impracticable problems of modern days […]

TABLE OF CONTENT Approval/Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Content Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Purpose of the Project 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Objectives of the Study 1.6 Scope of the Study 1.7 Limitations 1.8 Definition of Term GET COMPLETE WORK NEED SUPPORT? […]

TABLE OF CONTENT Approval/Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Content Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1  Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Purpose of the Project 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Objectives of the Study 1.6 Scope of the Study 1.7 Limitations 1.8 Definition of Terms GET COMPLETE WORK NEED SUPPORT? […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. Management information system (M.I.S) can be thought of as any systematic processes for providing report data or other inputs performance. The creation and storage of inputs, performance, if processes and creation of storage of outputs are the function of an information system However, information systems have existed […]

TABLE OF CONTENT Approval/Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Content Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Purpose of the Project 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Objectives of the Study 1.6 Scope of the Study 1.7 Limitations 1.8 Definition of Terms GET COMPLETE WORK NEED SUPPORT? […]

ABSTRACT The recapitalization of the banking sector in Nigeria since 2005 has brought about a total change in commercial bank lending behavior and credit management in Nigeria. With the growth in entrepreneurial activities in Nigeria, the demand for bank loans is at the increase. Small and medium scale business owners are constantly looking for business […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to The Study Prior to the establishment of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the West Africa Currency Board (WACB) which was established in 1912 had the responsibility for issuing legal tender currency. Specifically, it was charged with the issue of a West African Currency, the exchange of existing currencies and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to study In any economy especially developing ones like Nigeria, the role of banking sub-sector, is a very crucial one. The principal economic function of banks is making loans available to fund consumption and investment spending by business, individuals and units of government. They mobilize funds of surplus economic units and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Just as a healthy financial system promotes economic growth, a weak financial system grappling with non-performing loans (NPLs) and insufficient capital could undermine growth (Schumpeter (1969). In modelling credit, Zeng (2012) views loans to the economy as boosting total consumption and hence yielding a positive social utility, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigerian economy is faced with national and global economic challenges and as such, the financial institutions, especially the banking sector has an option of sanitizing and restructuring its operational processes in order to survive the depressed economy, as well as embarking on a consolidation exercise which would […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACK GROUND TO THE STUDY “There is risk in everything that one does, and no one knows where he will make his landfall, when his enterprise is at its beginning. One man trying to act effectively fails to foresee something and falls into great and grim ruination, but to another man who […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY This research work is to find out the impact, problems and prospects of micro finance banks as a viable tool for economic empowerment and development at the grass root level. A survey of Obudu Micro Finance Bank. This chapter will cover the background of the study which will […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background to the Study Stock exchange is a specialized place or market that is meant for the buying and selling of securities and the securities are stocks and shares, which shows ownership of interest in debentures, business and government bonds. Far back late fifties when it became so obvious that Nigerians […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The performance of this company in recent years valued by the stock exchange market on the basis of earning per share and divided per share had shown different trend while some companies performance has been showing upward trend others are showing downward trend. Hence, one will be interested […]

CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY It is now common knowledge according to egbe(2010) that the 1980’s witnessed a rapid growth of commercials banking activities in many Nigeria rural communities where banking habits, culture, commitment and community development was poor if not non –existent It is instructive to note that during this period, community […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The post-independence Nigerian government adopted the entrepreneurship government which constrained it to assume the role of entrepreneur and the urge to offset the economic neglect of the colonial government and that resulted in engaging in ambitious industrialization programmes. When the Nigerian industrial Development Bank Limited (NIDB) was […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROND TO THE STUDY A robust economic growth cannot be achieved without putting in place well focused programme to reduce poverty through empowering the people by increasing their access to factors of production. The latent capacity of the poor for entrepreneurship would be significantly enhanced through the provision of microfinance services […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Budgetary control systems according to Wagh and Gadade (2013) are a control system that motivates as well as monitor the activities and personnel, as they perform all the financial and curricular activities in a patterned and systematic manner. Budgeting and budgetary control occupy an important place among techniques […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY “The Nigerian banking system today is fragile and marginal. Our vision is a banking system that is part of the global change, and which is strong, competitive and reliable. It is a banking system which depositors can trust, and investors can rely upon. Evolving such a banking […]

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Actually, for every successful business, there must be a debt in the sense that one person or customer must own the owner of a business. Banks are not exempted from this, this due to the activities involved in their operations. Debts can be accrued as a result of bank over draft, […]