CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   1.1         BackgroundtotheStudy The resources of a firm that are used to conduct the day-to-day activities of any business are referred to as the working capital. Its proper management is one of the most important areas in determining the success of a firm. It is generally believed that the working capital […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY           Maternal mortality remains the leading cause of death and disability for reproductive-age women in resource-poor countries. The impact of a mother’s death on child outcomes is likely severe but has not been well quantified (Oestergaard, et al., 2011). Maternal mortality is a leading cause of death and disability […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   Background of the Study   The current standard of Education in Nigeria points to the fact that the educational system in Nigeria leaves much to be desired. In fact, there has been a drastic drop in the quality of Nigerian educational system. Many years ago, Nigerian educational system was ranked among […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0       Background of Study Error analysis is a type of linguistic analysis that focuses on the errors learners make. It consists of a commission between the errors made in the target language (TL) and that TL itself. Pit Corder is the father of Error Analysis. Systematically analyzing errors made by language learners […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   Background of the Study   All living things depend on energy for survival, and modern civilizations will continue to thrive only if existing sources of energy can be developed to meet the growing demands, hence Energy is “Life” Energy is “Existence”, it is the dividing line between the rich and […]

                                          ABSTRACT   This research critical examine the impact of Naira devaluation on economic growth in Nigeria.  That without exchange rate, the exchange of goods and services among trading partners will be focused with a lot of problems which may virtually narrow it down to trade by barter. Thus exchange rate is also used to […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION       1.1          Background of the Study Lubricating grease is produced by dispersing thickening agents in mineral or synthetic oil.  Several thickening agents exist but soap-base is the most popular. Several soap bases like sodium, lithium, calcium, aluminum etc. are used in lubricating grease production. Soap comprises of the metallic salts of […]

ABSTRACT Knowledge, attitudes and sexual behavior change towards HIV/AIDS remains a primary goal of HIV prevention efforts. HIV and AIDS is one of the leading health problems in Nigeria where nearly 7.1% of the population had been infected by the disease in 2012. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the determinants of […]

Introduction Since the 1930s, when it first emerged as a distinctive kind of historical inquiry, intellectual history has always been fascinated with the Renaissance. Intellectual historians are concerned with unearthing the deep, often half-conscious patterns of thought that govern the way individuals understand and act within nature and society. They examine how traditions of thought […]

Abstract This research study examined Design and implementation of job applicants assessment and employment system a case study of Access Bank PLC, Ikot Ekpene. Job applicants assessment and employment system is an automated system that aids the processing of the application of applicants so as to determine eligible candidates for employment. Before organizations recruit the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1              INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY The nation has since independence in October 1, 1960 been swimming in constant political and economic crises created by her chosen path. There is no barometers for measuring the extent of political and economic depressions which has transited from the first to the Fourth Republic. Although, emphasis […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In any modern economy, the efficient production and exchange of goods and services requires money and bank is the instrument for affecting it. The last few years have been both traumatic and revolutionary for the banking industry. The industry produced the largest number of technically insolvent and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study Nature of crime is the form which any criminal activity that has the potential to cause significant physical, financial and material losses to victim takes. Thus, the impact of the nature of crime is probably best determined by the perceived seriousness or intensity of its effects in addition […]

ABSTRACT   External auditors occupy a unique position in the business community when they perform an audit for clients. The auditors are called upon to attest to financial statements and to safeguard the interest of various parties. However, in recent years the audit practice because of several scandals has been undermined. Although evidence of corporate […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   Background to Study   On June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia, which was part of Austria-Hungary. Immediately, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary to defend Serbia. Seeing the mobilization of Russia, Germany […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to Study Africa contributes to about 7 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Yet it remains highly vulnerable to the projected impact of climate change. Therefore, the pitfalls of climate change could add to development and growth challenges that Africa faces and exacerbate its vulnerability in the future. Climate change will […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to Study Analgesics are among the most frequently used medicines all over the world for the treatment of various types of pain, including vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly [1–4]. Pain is a highly prevalent symptom, with a great impact on patients’ life [5, 6]. The availability […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Psychoactive substances are chemical substances that when taken, they have the capability to change the consciousness, mood and thinking processes of an individual (WHO, 2004). Alcohol is among the commonest psychoactive substances used (Chebukaka, 2014; Attah, etal, 2016). It is socially accepted and serves as “gateway” to […]

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter reviews related works of literature on the issue of marriage, marital disintegration, divorce etc. Further considered are the works and opinions of scholars and scholarly articles written on the key issues of this study. This will help provide an in-depth analysis and background upon which this study can […]

CHAPTER ONE                                                               INTRODUCTION   1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Mergers and Acquisitions (M & A) continue to be a highly popular form of corporate development. However, in a paradox to their popularity, acquisitions appear to provide at best a mixed performance to the broad range of stakeholders involved. While target firm shareholders generally enjoy […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Public residential property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition. This is much akin to the role of management […]

ABSTRACT The primary focus of this study is to examine the challenges in choral conducting. Though the development of a “modern conductor” who provides the artistic leadership and direction for music making is a relatively new phenomenon in the course of musical performance, the discussion of musical leadership is as a solution to certain challenges […]

CHAPTER FOUR DIMENSIONS OF CHRISTIAN HEALING AND MINISTRY Christians and Healing Emphasis Having examined the importance of health and well-being to the African and the role of the medicine-man in African societies, focus in this section will be beamed on the concept of health and current healing practices in some Christians, their historical antecedents and […]

                                                                  CHAPTER ONE                                                                  INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF STUDY Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality world-wide. The incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly as well as its mortality rate. It is a malignant tumour that develops from the breast […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    Background to the study   Breast cancer (BCa) is a malignant tumour that has developed from breast cells, which has no cure at present. However, it can be managed with modern  technological tools,  and one’s life can be prolonged. In the last four decades, with the introduction of screening programmes that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This study and as well as the aim is about the factors that causes stress and the impacts it has on students’ performance and some possible management techniques. The main objectives were to ascertain or identify the extent to which stress affects students’ academic success, health and general lifestyle, as well as […]

ABSTRACT Burukutu samples were randomly purchased from different shops at Elele market, Army Barracks, Alimini,River state and Obinze market,Army Barracks, Owerri,Imo state, Nigeria. A total of 30 samples were aseptically collected and compositely screened for total aerobic plate count, total coliform count, total fecal coliform count and total fungal count using Nutrient agar (NA), MacConkey(MCA), […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Nigeria as a nation-state is under a severe internal socio-economic and security threat. As a more general level, the threat has social, economic, political and environmental dimensions. Each of these dimensions has greatly affected the nation’s stability, and can be traced to the ethnic militia armies, ethnic and […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria is endowed with natural resources, large fertile farmland, wide range of crops, and river amongst others. Despite its abundant nature resources it is faced worth a poor food situation. The poor food situation is traceable to the decline in the agricultural sector. The problem of feeding and […]

                                                              CHAPTER ONE 1.0    INTRODUCTION Water is indispensable and intricately connected to life, without which there is no life. This is the reason for which water must be given the necessary attention at all times. Good drinking water is not a luxury; it is one of the most essential amenities of life itself. The supply […]

Introduction The term “critical thinking” is used often but it isn’t always properly understood. Put simply, critical thinking means developing reliable, rational evaluations of an argument or idea. Critical thinking is a means for separating truth from falsehood and reasonable from unreasonable beliefs. It frequently involves finding flaws in the arguments of others, but that’s […]

Introduction Critical thinking does not happen in a vacuum but in an “environment” that’s often hostile to it. it takes place in the real world in the minds of real people who almost always have thoughts and feelings and experiences that, given half a chance, would sabotage critical reasoning at every turn. The sparkling palace […]

Land and its uses are essential to all human communities. Every person is shaped in a range of ways by the landscape in which they live, and the products and resources produced on the land. Land and its uses are particularly important for rural communities, where many people are directly dependent on land for their […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Stress is one of the most fundamental problems spanning through human endeavour. Nweze (2005) stated that for two and half decades, stress phenomenon has become a topical issue in management development, seminars and workshops in Nigeria. He further stated that the popularity of stress stems from a number […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   Background to the study.   The history of the media in Nigeria is a very unique one. Pioneered by the efforts of private individuals, it enjoyed patronage and acceptance by many Nigerians, especially the educated ones. Right from the advent of Iwe Irohin in 1859, the Nigerian media emerged as a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to Study E-Learning refers’ to the use of various kinds of electronic media and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) the retrogressive nature of learning in school as generally observed by many researchers which posed a challenge to technological advancement in learning. In other words E -learning is an inclusive technology for […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study The technological initiative of man towards the development of automobile and the discovery of petroleum triggered the building of petrol service stations at strategic locations to meet the demand of vehicle owners (Abdul et al., 2009). In recent times, there has been a sustained increase in the number […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY An investment in real estate development requires a huge sum of money, most at times exceeding six (6) figures as such only a hand full of individuals could venture into this form of investment. This financial insufficiency naturally turns investors to financial institution for possible credit advancement. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Management needs a lot of tools to be able to administer effectively in the day to day running of the business. Management by objectives is one of such tools. It is a way of getting improved results in managerial method whereby the superior and the subordinate […]

CHAPTER ONE ABSTACT   The main focus of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus. The Neem tree leaf extract was tested in terms of the different levels of concentration with (a) 25% concentration, (b) 50% concentration, (c) 75% concentration, (d) 100% concentration on […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Preliminary Review According to Ndimele (2007:1) human language is often described as a semiotic system because it entails the use of certain agreed upon symbols or signals to convey meaning from one person to another within a speech community, and communicate. Essien (2003:22) defines language as a system of structural vocal […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY   Communication flow is a means of bringing about change. It is the mainstream of any organization growth. There is need form interaction and understanding of management-employee relations this will bring about increased performance of all parties involued in the communication flow process or chain. According […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the study Cassava was introduced into Central Africa from South America in the 16th century by the early Portuguese Explorers (Ohadike, 2007). It was probably the incapacitated slaves who introduced the cassava crop into southern Nigeria as they returned to the country from South America. Cassava however, did not gain […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION               Background to Study   The study explores the impact of floods on the socio-economic livelihoods of people in Ikere community in Ekiti State. The aim of this study is to provide a thorough understanding of the impact of floods on the socio- economic livelihoods and underlying causes of the community’s vulnerability. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to Study There is little exaggeration in the claim that consumers are to a financial company, what the church is to medieval civilization. In this era of alternative time intervals customer satisfaction has become an important variable in the provision of services. This explains why the psychology of consumers had […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of The Study In this day and age, it is trusted that a large portion of accomplishments has been achieved because of the commitment of the mass media (Kumarswamy, 2015). Accordingly, it could be unequivocally contended that broad communications when completely used can help in accomplishing any objective set […]

ABSTRACT It is no longer news that the standard of education in Nigeria has drastically fallen. Different methods and approaches have been adopted severally to savage the situation, but it has yielded no particular positive result. Bad teaching method, poor reading habits, poverty, ill-equipped laboratories and libraries, are among the claims put by scholars that […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The differential scholastic achievement of students in Nigeria has been and is still of concern and research to educators, government and parents. This is so because of the great importance that education has on the national development of the country. All over the country, there is a […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION   1.1             Background to the Study   Transportation encompasses the movement of people, goods and services from one point of origin to destination (Filani, 1993). Transportation is indispensable to modern economic development especially in a developing country like Nigeria. It plays a vital role in shaping the economy of any nation (or […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to the study Housing specifically refers to residential structures where people live and grow (Amole, 2002 and Aluko, 2004). It is in response to man’s natural and legitimate need for a conducive and safe environment for living (Akingbohungbe and Ojo, 2005). One variant of this is the students’ housing (otherwise […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study Agricultural Production in Nigeria is progressively on the decline in terms of its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as satisfying the country’s food requirement, despite the fact that about 70 per cent of the population engage in agriculture, thus Nigeria agricultural sector is […]

ABSTRACT This paper examines the state and trends of Chinese fisheries over the five-year period based on FAO data, the China Fisheries Statistics Yearbooks, the China Statistical Yearbook and other sources. The most important observations are the following: during a period of five years, China’s water products accounted for more than 35% of world water […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1     Background to Study The poverty situation in Nigeria has become so services that it is regarded as one of the major developmental challenges to her economic and social growth. Poverty is antithetical to human rights (Zanna, 2000). Research has it that about 50% of the nation’s population is living in poverty. […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to study Rubella virus (RV) causes a benign systemic rash illness when it infects humans as a result of acute infection and causes severe birth defects if acute maternal infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy (Willey et al., 2011). This virus is a positive-strand RNA virus that replicates in […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The marriage of a youth in ancient society was parts of the responsibilities of his parents. The young man had no choice as to the choice of wife. In some cases a wife was married to him at a time. He could not accept to keep a wife. […]

ABSTRACT This research aimed at fitting canonical correlation model that is capable of determining whether literacy level, age, marital status and gender are risk factors for HIV/AIDs. The data used is obtained from Heart to Heart center situated in General Hospital Minna, Niger State in June 2013. The Statistical package used to analyze the data […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background to Study Natural products, such as plants extract, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug discoveries because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0       Background to Study Robert Nozick (1938-2002) was an American philosopher, best known for his rigorous defense of libertarianism in his first major work, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974). During his high school and college years, Nozick was a member of the student new left and an enthusiastic socialist. At Columbia, […]

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY In the history of philosophy, the issue of justice has always been a serious debate. The debate is all about what the concept ‘justice’ means and how it can be attained in a society. Thrasymachus, an ancient Greek philosopher, equated justice with ‘‘might is right’’. According to […]

ABSTRACT This descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted on healthcare professionals working at different healthcare facilities in Nnewi North L.G.A of Anambra state to determine their awareness, attitude and practice to ADR reporting. The research was carried out after an approval from Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching Hospital ethical committee. Written consent was obtained from the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease condition caused by infectionof the human body by a retrovirus called the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) On entry into the body, the virus invades the Cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) cells in which it replicates. Its successful multiplication leads to the destruction of the CD4 cells. […]