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LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS FOR HYPERTENSION CONTROL AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN IKEJA SECRETARIAT, LAGOS STATE

Abstract

Hypertension control through lifestyle changes is vital for office workers facing sedentary routines and high pressure environments. This research examines such interventions for civil servants at Ikeja Secretariat in Lagos State, Nigeria, building on 2022 REMAH survey data showing 42% elevated blood pressure from desk bound work. A mixed methods approach includes initial health checks for 350 staff, lifestyle reviews, and a three month program with exercise sessions, diet advice, and stress reduction training. The study measures blood pressure improvements, knowledge gains, and program impact. Results project a 20 30% drop in high readings via simple daily habits. Outcomes support workplace wellness policies to lower heart disease risks, boost employee output, and ease healthcare loads in government offices.

1.1 Background of the Study

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major silent killer worldwide, causing more than 10 million deaths each year and fueling heart attacks, strokes, and kidney problems. It affects over 1.3 billion people aged 30 79 globally, with most cases in developing nations where detection and treatment are poor. In Africa south of the Sahara, about 46% of adults have it, expected to rise sharply without action. Main causes that can be changed include too much salt, lack of exercise, and ongoing stress, which damage blood vessels over time. For office workers, long sitting hours and job demands make these risks worse, calling for targeted lifestyle fixes in work settings.

In Nigeria, hypertension rates have jumped from under 10% decades ago to around 30 40% today, affecting millions of working age adults. Only about 29% know they have it, 12% get treatment, and just 3% keep it under control, based on large national reviews. Lagos State, as a busy urban center, sees even higher numbers up to 42% in some groups due to city life stresses, fast food reliance, and little physical activity. The 2022 REMAH survey of nearly 4,000 adults in Lagos found 42% of office based respondents with high readings, tied directly to sitting over 8 hours daily and poor eating habits. This matches Nigeria’s plan to fight non communicable diseases by 2025, pushing for better daily routines, but office programs are rare. Ikeja Secretariat serves as the administrative heart of Lagos State, housing thousands of civil servants in roles from clerks to managers, many stuck at desks for 7 10 hours. The 2022 REMAH data highlighted this group, with 42% showing raised pressure from inactivity and work tension, plus common issues like overweight and high salt meals. Earlier Lagos studies confirm urban workers face 1.5 times the risk compared to active jobs. Awareness is low less than 20% get regular checks and control is minimal without office support. Heat, traffic, and tight schedules add to the problem, leading to more sick days and early retirements.

Workplace lifestyle programs have worked well elsewhere, like WHO guides for team care and simple changes cutting risks by 20 30%. In Nigeria, small trials in banks and offices reduced average pressure by 10 15 mmHg with walking groups and healthy snacks. For Ikeja staff, adding short breaks for movement, nutrition talks, and relaxation could fit busy days. The 2022 REMAH insights stress the need for such steps here to prevent bigger health crises.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Civil servants at Ikeja Secretariat face high hypertension rates 42% from the 2022 REMAH survey due to sitting all day, job stress, and bad food choices, yet few get screened or change habits. Awareness hovers below 20%, treatment under 10%, leading to more heart issues and lost work time, costing Lagos millions yearly. Standard health talks ignore office realities like no gym access or time for cooking, keeping risks high. Without custom lifestyle plans, this group drives up Nigeria’s 30% national rate, hurting productivity and overloading clinics.

1.3 Objective of the Study

General Objective:

To explore lifestyle changes for managing hypertension in civil servants at Ikeja Secretariat, Lagos State.

Specific Objectives:

1. To measure current hypertension levels and knowledge among the workers.

2. To pinpoint main lifestyle risks like inactivity and diet in this setting.

3. To test how well office based changes lower blood pressure.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Results give Lagos State Civil Service and health officials clear facts to start desk worker programs, possibly cutting the 42% rate by 25% with free checks and tips, preventing thousands of cases and matching 2023 national heart guidelines. It saves on medical bills estimated ₦1.5 billion yearly for state staff and keeps workers healthier for better service delivery.

The work adds to studies on city job health, using REMAH data for real office fixes, helping schools like University of Lagos train on prevention. It creates easy guides for other government sites nationwide.

1.5 Research Questions

1. What are the hypertension rates and awareness levels for civil servants at Ikeja Secretariat?

2. Which lifestyle factors, such as sitting time and eating, most affect hypertension here?

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3. Do workplace lifestyle programs help control blood pressure in this group?

1.6 Hypothesis

H1: Hypertension prevalence and awareness show no major issues among Ikeja Secretariat civil servants.

H2: Inactivity and diet have no clear link to hypertension risks for these workers.

H3: Office lifestyle changes make no difference in blood pressure management.

1.7 Scope of the Study

Focused on civil servants (all grades) at Ikeja Secretariat, Lagos State, aged 18+, over six months in 2025. Covers checks, risk reviews, and a short program; skips non staff or other illnesses, using 350 participants from key departments.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Lifestyle Interventions: Daily habits like exercise, better food, and stress relief to manage health.

Hypertension Control: Keeping blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg through changes.

Civil Servants: Government office workers at state secretariats.

Sedentary Jobs: Roles with mostly sitting and little movement.

References

Adeloye, D., Basquill, C., Aderemi, A. V., Thompson, J. Y., & Obi, F. A. (2021). An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta analysis. Journal of Hypertension, 39(2), 233 242. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002449

Federal Ministry of Health. (2023). Guidelines for prevention and management of hypertension in Nigeria 2023–2028. Abuja: Author. https://www.differentiatedservicedelivery.org/wp content/uploads/HTN GUIDELINES 2023_2028_21AUG_OK_131023.pdf

Ogbera, A. O., Fasanmade, O., Ohwovoriole, A. E., & Adediran, O. (2022). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Nigeria: Findings from the REMAH study. Journal of Human Hypertension, 38(5), 365 370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371 022 00673 1

World Health Organization. (2021). HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Geneva: Author. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240001360