COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
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ABSTRACT
The increasing rate of crime, attacks by thieves, intruders and vandals, despite all forms of security gadgets and locks still need the attention of researchers to find a permanent solution to the well being of lives and properties of individual. To this end, we constructed a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates, so as to prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes, we therefore experiment the application of electronic devices as locks. However, a modular approach was employed in the construction in which the combination lock was divided into units and each unit constructed separately before being coupled to form a whole functional system. During the construction, we conducted five tests carried out with the first three combinations being four digits number, the next two tests being five digits. From the result obtained, combinations (2), (4), (7), (8) gave the correct output combination. The general operation of the system and performance is dependent on the key combinations. The overall system was constructed and tested and it works perfectly.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
i
Declaration
ii
Certification
iii
Dedication
iv
Acknowledgement
v
Abstract
vi
Table of content
vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1
1.1
Principle of the system
2
1.2
Objective of the study
3
1.3 Statement of the problem
3
1.4
Significant of the study
4
1.5
Scope of study
4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature review
5
2.1
historical development
5
2.2
Types of locks
6
2.3
Digital electronic combination locks
14
3
2.4
A comparison of the past solutions
16
2.5
An advancement of arguments to support the current choice
17
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Construction, Testing, and discussion of result
20
3.1
Construction
20
3.2
Circuit diagram
3.3
The input unit
22
3.4
Component selection
22
3.5
Casing
24
3.6
Testing
24
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
27
4.1
Summary
27
4.2
Conclusion
28
4.3
Recommendation
29
Reference
30
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Due to the advancement of science and technology throughout the world, there is a consequent increase in the rate and sophistication of crime. As a result, it is necessary to ensure security of oneself and one’s valuable belongings. Even with the use of mechanical locks, the crime rate still has increased due to the fact that these locks are easily broken. Consequently, there is a need for other types of locks -especially electronic ones.
This work is on construction of a digital electronic combination lock system with a keyboard to be mounted on the door for keying in the secret code. The code unit, which operates with a 9-switch (non- matrix) keyboard was designed to control an electromagnetic door lock with a four-digit code. Unlike other keyboard combination locks this lock is constructed in such a way that once any of the wrong keys is pressed, it resets automatically making it harder for an intruder to break into.
The increasing rate of crime, attacks by thieves, intruders, vandals etc., despite all forms of security gadgets and lock constitute the main factor that prompts the selection of this work. Materials used for the construction of the circuit were sourced and put together locally. Due to financial and time constrains a 4013 IC was used instead of programmable IC. As the limitation for the design, the 4013 IC is a data latch for data storage, the data stored cannot be changed in the
7
case of code being compromised but the data can be changed in the programmable IC if there is any compromise.
1.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
The circuit is built around two 4013 dual D flip-flop (FF.)Each 4013 contains two D flip-flops. The four FF are connected to A, B, C and D pads. ABCD gives the 4 digits which must be keyed in in sequence for the relay to trigger.The five remaining digits may be connected to the RESET PAD. If one of these digits is keyed in during the ABCD sequence then the circuit will reset.
The circuit diagram and the block diagram of the 4013 show how the lock works. The ABCD touch pads are connected to the Clock input pins 3 and 11 of each 4013. ABCD pads are normally tied low by the 4M7 resistors.Touching the pads of each keypad briefly pulls the input high and the state of the FF is altered. The output Q pins (1 and 13) are wired so that when the correct sequence is keyed in then pin 13 of IC 2 turns on the transistor.The reset keys are all wired to the Set pins (6 and 8) of each IC.
Here the correct code is 2,4,7,8. That is, we will to touch 1 then 3 then 5 then 7 on the Remote Keypad for the relay to trigger. Touching any other number will make the system to reset the unit.On the main PCB connect Pad A to one of the pads on line 1 using some of the hookup wire provided. Connect Pad B to a pad on line 3, pad C to a pad on 5, Pad D to a pad on line 7. Now connect the five remaining numbers to the five pads on the RESET pad. Connect a 9V power supply.
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The Combination Lock is now ready. It can switch a main powered device such as a light.The 4013 IC’s will work from 3V to 18V so the unit is quite flexible and can be adapted to many situations.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives for embarking on this project of construction of a digital combination lock system are;
i. To construct a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates.
ii. To experiment the application of electronic devices as locks.
iii. To prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes.
iv. To raise awareness on the topic of security or access control.
v. To utilize the available components to construct a working model of a digital combination lock system.
vi. To construct and test the designed system so as to see if it can perform as
specified.
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The increasing rate of crime, attacks by thieves, intruders and vandals,
despite all forms of security gadgets and locks still need the attention of researchers to find a permanent solution to the well-being of lives and properties of
9
individual.Even with the use of mechanical locks, the crime rate still has increased due to the fact that these locks are easily broken. Consequently, there is a need for other types of locks especially electronic ones. To this end, we construct a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates, so as to prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes.
1.5 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
Statistics from physical count of existing doors in used here in Mubi shows that only banks use digital locks, few homes (about 1 in 200,000) and few cars (about 1 in 100) use digital locks. Survey shows that the lock is not popular because it is expensive and it is complicated as few people can cram the access code. This work aims to make the digital combination lock cheaper, affordable and accessible for at least 70% for the people in Mubi Town.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
This construction of digital combination lock is based on a flip flop action. We construct a cheap and effective security system for buildings, cars, safes, doors and gates, so as to prevent unauthorized person from having access to ones properties through the use of codes, we therefore experiment the application of electron.