COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
CHAPTERS: Chapter 1-5
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CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
As a result of a series of crises and instability that have plagued Nigeria in recent years, many people have died and property has been destroyed. According to Ezeoha (2011), “Security involves stability and consistency of livelihood, predictable relationships, feeling secure, and belonging to a social group. ” The act of maintaining peace inside the boundaries of a sovereign state or other self-governing areas may be considered as internal security, which is connected to security. Generally, this is accomplished through enforcing the laws of the land and fighting against internal threats. The government, paramilitary groups, and, in rare cases, the military itself may be tasked with maintaining domestic security.
There’s an antithesis between security and insecurity, and that is insecurity. It has been given a variety of meanings based on how it affects different people. More specific terms for insecurity include: risk; hazard; uncertainty; lack of confidence; shaky; insufficiently guarded or protected, and unsure. Among the many others: Insecurity has been defined in a variety of ways by a variety of individuals. These many definitions all point to the same thing: a condition of vulnerability to damage and the destruction of one’s life, possessions, or financial security. A lack of security, as described by Beland (2005), is one that is “the condition of worry or anxiety that results from a physical or alleged absence of protection.” Lack of or insufficient protection from harm is the gist of the phrase.
To address the country’s insecurity, Oshodi (2011) recommends that the discipline of psychology be given the highest priority in policy creation and execution in order to create national cohesion and integration.
In any case, it is safe to say that since the April 2011 presidential elections, Nigeria has had more ethnic-religious-political crises than at any other time in its history, typified by the Boko-Haram religious sect’s suicide bombings. Terrorism, banditry, kidnappings, and other violent crimes have surged to unprecedented levels in recent years. This attack does not spare religious leaders, churches, or mosques. If the current level of insecurity persists, Nigeria will undoubtedly become a failed state. This much is certain.
As a result, numerous types of insecurity have emerged throughout the nation. Armed robbers have seized hold in the Southwest, while cross-border bandits are easy to come by in the North. Kidnapping, on the other hand, is a common occurrence in the South-South. As a result of the ongoing surge of criminality and armed robbery assaults, insecurity is quickly becoming the norm in Nigeria, and some people are using it as a way to address matters that would otherwise have been handled via the legal system. The eventual result is the loss of innocent life.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
What Hobbes called the Hobbesian state of nature, where life was thought to be harsh and brutish and short for the weaker members of society, was characterized by an insecurity that permeates the modern world. This is, if not precisely, the current trend in the nation. According to Thomas Hobbes, (1588–1679) His book Leviathan, published in 1651, declared that in the state of nature, nothing can be deemed fair or unjust, and every man must be believed to have a right to all things, including the right to kill other people. Before the hypothetical ‘Social Contract,’ according to Hobbes, there was nothing but a hypothetical ‘State of Nature,’ which was a hypothetical condition. According to Hobbes’ theory of the State of Nature, everyone is self-centered. He refers to it as an all-out conflict. Since its birth as a country in 1960, Nigeria has never seen such high levels of insecurity. The recent spate of banditry, hostage-taking, abduction, cattle rustling, and other types of domestic terrorism has been recorded in a number of states throughout the nation. The frightening incidence, frequency, and character of these assaults need immediate attention.
There is a large concentration of these incidents in the North East, North Central and South, as well as the Middle Belt. Suffice it to say that kidnappers, bandits, and terrorists disguised as herders are encroaching on the nation.
The abduction of Kagara kids from a secondary school in Niger State was the most recent. This is a common occurrence, given the recent kidnappings of students in Zamfara State and Chibok. As a result, Nigeria’s degree of insecurity has skyrocketed since the restoration of democracy there.
It is clear that these acts of insecurity are the result of ethno-religious conflicts, communal fights, militancy, cultism, economic difficulties, and farmers/herders disputes, among other factors (Akinola,2011). Farmers and herders conflict, there is banditry and there is livestock rustling. All of these things have raised the stakes.
Kidnapping and hostage-taking have now become commonplace in several Nigerian states, posing grave threats to the country’s security. As a result of these relentless assaults on Nigerians, the country now faces major dangers from internal terrorism. Even with the latest reshuffle of the Service Chiefs, the administration seems unable of adequately addressing the present crisis. It was necessary to conduct this research to discover answers to these safety concerns.
To this end, the research work therefore intends to find out answers to the following problems identified as follows:
- What are the causes and effects of insecurity and banditry in Nigeria?
- Is the Nigerian Government force equipped and properly empowered to provide security to Nigerians?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are to find out the specific causes and fundamental effects of Insecurity in Nigeria and ascertaining the extent to which Nigerian Government is equipped and empowered to provide security to Nigerians.
Specific objectives include:
- To identify the challenges that has inhibited the Nigerian Government in performing its statutory functions.
- To explore the relevance of the Nigerian Government in combating insecurity in Nigeria.
iii. To seek out solutions to banditry in Nigeria and corrections that can be made to better the Nigerian Government force.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What are the factors that have inhibited the Nigerian Government force in performing its statutory functions?
- Is the Nigerian Government force relevant in combating insecurity in Nigeria?
iii. What are the steps to be made to enhance greater security in Nigeria and to make the Nigeria Government force more responsive to her duties?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A research like this is vital in light of the critical role that security plays in any administration, particularly one that is democratically elected. There is no easy way out of the problem of insecurity in Nigeria; it is a Herculean undertaking.
The level of insecurity in Nigeria has risen to alarming proportions, and the daily toll is rising. Because of this, it follows that our security and the state of Nigeria are in trouble.
This activity will aid in re-emphasizing and promoting solutions to deal with the issue of insecurity. Despite the very high death toll, the situation remains stable.
Academically, the project will be beneficial to the field. Graduate students and other scholars working in similar fields can benefit greatly from this study.
If this study is successful, legislators and policymakers in the nation will be able to reorganize our security agencies as a result of the findings.