COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
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.1 Introduction

The word language “seems to have been derived from the Latin words, “Lingua,” which implies “tongue “. The French term,” language” also refers to a specific from of speech .Hence, in the whole process of language teaching, spoken language occupies an important place. Ballard says,” talking comes before writing, oral composition before written composition.

(Dash, 2004, p.165-166)

Speaking is the productive skill in the oral mode. It, like the other skills, is more complicated than it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words

Josh Billings says

“Silence is one of the hardest arguments to refute”.

Speaking situation

There are three kinds of speaking situations in which we find ourselves:

• Interactive,

• Partially interactive, and

• Non-interactive.

Interactive speaking situations include face-to-face conversations and telephone calls, in which we are alternately listening and speaking, and in which we have a chance to ask for clarification, repetition, or slower speech from our conversation partner. Some speaking situations are partially interactive, such as when giving a speech to a live audience, where the convention is that the audience does not interrupt the speech. The speaker nevertheless can see the audience and judge from the expressions on their faces and body language whether or not he or she is being understood.

Some few speaking situations may be totally non-interactive, such as when recording a speech for a radio broadcast.

Micro skill

Here are some of the micro-skills involved in speaking. The speaker has to:-

• Pronounce the distinctive sounds of a language clearly enough so that people can distinguish them. This includes making tonal distinctions.

• Use stress and rhythmic patterns, and intonation patterns of the language clearly enough so that people can understand what is said.

• Use the correct forms of words. This may mean, for example, changes in the tense, case, or gender.

• Put words together in correct word order.

• Use vocabulary appropriately.

• Use the register or language variety that is appropriate to the situation and the relationship to the conversation partner. Make clear to the listener the main sentence constituents, such as subject, verb, object, by whatever means the language uses.

• Make the main ideas stand out from supporting ideas or information.

o Make the discourse hang together so that people can follow what you are saying.

1.2 Statement of the problem

This research would” analyze the problems in speaking English as a second language faced by the students of grade-7 in D.G.Khan City”.

1.3 Objective of the study

The objectives of my studies are:

1. To review the concept and importance of speaking skill.

2. To identify the learning difficulties to speak English at 7th class.

3. To analyze the factors that are effective in speaking skill.

4. To explore the new ways of speaking skill.

5. To recommend how they improve speaking skill in English at 7th grade.

1.4 Significance of the study

With the help of this study we may come to know the speaking problems of students at grade-7. So this study would be significant.

1. i. This research will help to identify the problem of speaking at 7th grade.

2. ii. This research will help to provide method of improving speaking skill.

3. This study is helpful to solve the speaking problem.

1.5 Delimitation

Due to limited resources and time the researcher study the following aspects:

i. Subject English

ii. Grade-7.

iii. This study was conducted in D.G.Khan City.

iv. Both male and female students including in sample.

1.6 Population

The population of the study was all the students of middle schools in district D.G.Khan.

1.7 Sample

1. Students grade-7 in school will be included in the sample.

2. Convenient sampling techniques will be used for the selection of sample.

3. It consisted of 300 female students in district D.G.Khan

1.8 Research Tool/ Instrument

Questionnaire for the one subject of the 7th class was developed and validated by the supervisor.

1.9 Data Collection

1. The research will visit her to the sample students. The trained representatives will also help the researcher to administer the instrument.

2. List of 7th class students will be obtained from the school.

3. Selecting the sample of students based on this proportionate distribution of male school for data collection.

1.10 Data Analysis

1. I will analysis the whole information which I will collect from interview and questionnaire and take out the percentage. The answer which highest value will give result and according to the research result. I will recommend the solution.

2. Finding of this study will be drawn on the basis of data analyzed.

3. The conclusions of the study will be drawn from the findings and finally recommendation will be made on the finding of the study.