ABSTRACT The exchange of heat is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry and the Shell and tube heat exchanger is the major equipment used to transfer heat from one medium to another. This research project work on the Computer Aided Design (CAD) of shell and tube heat exchanger with double pas […]

CHAPTER ONE   INTRODUCTION   BACKGROUND OF STUDY Iron is one of the most abundant element in the earth’s crust, being the fourth most abundant element at about 5% by weight (Alafara et al, 2007). Astrophysical and seisimic evidence indicate that iron is even more abundant in the interior of the earth and is apparently […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Industrial wastewater represents the main source of environmental pollution with heavy metals, e.g. Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd, Mn, etc. Such metal may be discharged into the wastewater from various industries, including metal plating, storage batteries, alloy industries, dying, textile, fertilizers and other chemical industries. The progressive increase […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The origin of paint and painting started thousands of yeas ago. It can be rightly said that the desire to decorate their mummies sparked of this concept in Egypt around 15,000. Since then, this practice has gradually developed through many stages until modern concept of paint and painting came into being. This […]

ABSTRACT This projects is aimed at knowing the process and quality factor in Laundary and Toilet Soap Projection.  Various factors affected the quality of the soap produced.  These include the method used in production, types and nature of oils used, the percentage of the additives in the soap and the ratio at which oils are […]

ABSTRACT The major aim of this project research work is to produce emulsion paint from locally sourced pigment & extenders. The materials used for the production was of local source. The major raw materials used for the production of the emulsion paint: water, titanium iv oxide, calcium carbonate, kaoline, calgon, natrosol, biocide P.V.A, ammonia, deformer […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The cashew tree (Anarcardium Occidentale) is a native of Brazil and the lower Amazons. The cashew has been introduce and is valuable cash crop in the America, the West Indias, Madagascar, India and Malaysia (Frankel 1991). As far back as 1967. Tyman and Morrris, describe the composition […]

ABSTRACT The aim of this project is centered on the extraction and characterization of oil from date seed. The extraction is carried out with the use of a soxhlet apparatus and a solvent hexane which is chosen base on the fact that it has a very low value of toxicity and high extraction rate. The […]

ABSTRACT This research work was arrived as the formulation and production of alcohol from the fermentation of palm wine. A fresh palm wine was ated which was obtained  from Emene in Enugu State.  The characteristics that was tested before and after fermentation were; specific gravity, refractive index and PH value of the fermentated palm wine […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY An air freshener is a product designed to mask or remove unpleasant room odors, (Umbach, 1991). These products typically deliver fragrance and other odor counteractants into the air. They do so through a variety of product formats, including aerosols, candles, potpourri and gels. By the late 1990s, […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Polystyrene is a petroleum-based plastic made from the styrene monomer. Most people know it under the name Styrofoam, which is actually the trade name of a polystyrene foam product used for housing insulation Delebecq, E. (2013). Polystyrene is a light-weight material, about 95% air, with very good […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Coconut oil is an edible oil that has been consumed in tropical countries for thousands of years. As it has a long shelf life and a melting point ohgf 76 of. It is used in baking industries. A negative campaign against saturated fats in general and the […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The edible fruit of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) belongs to the family Cubitaceae. The fruit contains many obovate, smooth compressed seeds thickened at the margin and of a black or yellowish white colour. Watermelon plays a very important role in Africa as it is used to quench thirst when there is shortage of water. The seed […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Critical economic and environmental situations of the current days encourage companies and researchers to develop and improve technologies intended to reduce or minimize industrial wastes. As a consequence, much effort has been expended in different areas, including the agricultural production. Rice is the second largest produced cereal […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY According to Wikipedia “An insecticide is a chemical used against insects. They include homicides and parricides used against the eggs and larvae of insects, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry, and general home use. The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It is an alcohol ester product from the transesterification of triglycerides in vegetable oils or animals accomplished by reacting lower alcohols such as methanol or ethanol with triglycerides. The National Biodiesel Board (USA) technically defined […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1      BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Petroleum hydrocarbons are used generally in our environment as fuel and chemicalcompounds. The uncontrolled release of petroleum hydrocarbons negatively impacts many of our soi1 and water resources. The contamination can result from leaking Underground Storage Tanks (UST), petroleum refineries and bulk storage facilities, broken oil pipelines, spills […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Vegetables and fruits are essential foods in our diet and also have many compounds that are beneficial for health due to minor components which include phenolic substances (Francisco et al., 2012). The consumption of the tropical-subtropical fruit, avocado, has increased considerably in the last century throughout Nigeria. There […]

ABSTRACT Agricultural Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on earth. The use of compost or organic manure is currently being advocated as an option for improving soil fertility. The method used in carrying out this analysis for cyanide, macronutrient (N,P,K) are titrimetric method, NO3 – […]

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Lignocellulosic biomass (e.g. sawdust obtained from wood) provides a unique and sustainable resource for environmentally safe organic fuels and chemicals. Furthermore, due to the abundance of lignocellulosic materials, its conversion to ethanol (a biofuel) is considered one of the most important uses of biomass as an energy […]

ABSTRACT The refurbishment of the fluid flow demonstration unit was carried out in the Chemical Engineering pilot plant laboratory of the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu. The refurbishment process was carried out to ensure adequate functioning of the unit, to allow the continuous use of equipment in the pilot plant, so that student would […]

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID AND VAPORIZED PERFUME ABSTRACT The tremendous (large) demand of some petroleum fractions in our modern world today has drive some professionals (experts) in oil sectors into exploration and drilling operation which is aimed at locating the mineral oil deposit and extracting it from beneath the earth surface with aid of some vital […]

ABSTRACT The tremendous (large) demand of some petroleum fractions in our modern world today has drive some professionals (experts) in oil sectors into exploration and drilling operation which is aimed at locating the mineral oil deposit and extracting it from beneath the earth surface with aid of some vital exploration techniques and drilling machine (ng) […]

THE REFURBISHMENT OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL APPARATUS ABSTRACT A temperature control apparatus an “Armfield model was refurbished.  The methodology employed were to detect the pulty parts of the equipment especially in the sump where leakages were observed.  In the repair, the water in the sump was drained off, corrosion and rusting in the tank were scraped […]

ABSTRACT Soaps are the sodium salts or potassium salts of stearic acids or any other fatty acids. They are prepared by the saponification process, which is, reacting the oil which contain triglycerides with caustic soda (NaOH) to give the soap. However different oils have different composition of fatty acids which are responsible for different properties […]