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INCOMPETENCY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL AUTHORITY AND CHILD ABUSE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY OF EDO COLLEGE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The knowledge and awareness of child safety among early childhood educators are crucial for two main reasons. First, complex issues such as abuse, neglect, and violence can significantly affect children’s learning and development. Therefore, early childhood educators must understand the context and impact of child abuse on children’s psychological growth. Secondly, their awareness can help create a safer environment in settings like daycare, nursery, and early school years, thereby promoting healthier development and well-being for children. (Moss, 1990).

The crucial role of early childhood educators in promoting child safety, which significantly affects learning and development in settings such as daycare and nursery schools. Knowledge and awareness of issues like abuse, neglect, and violence are vital for educators, as these factors profoundly impact children’s psychological development and learning abilities (Child Trends, 2021). Hence, it is essential for early childhood educators to be well-versed in the context and consequences of child maltreatment to effectively address and mitigate its negative effects.

A safe and nurturing environment is fundamental for children to fully engage in their learning experiences. When children feel secure and valued, their learning potential is maximized. Conversely, maltreatment can disrupt learning processes, negatively influence behavior, and complicate social interactions at school (Mndzebele, 2022). Educators need to identify and manage these issues appropriately to prevent further harm due to inadequate responses (Turney, 2021).

Additionally, early childhood educators spend more time with children than any other professionals outside of the family, emphasizing their critical role in early detection and intervention of child maltreatment. This extensive interaction allows educators to provide continuous support and create a protective learning environment that fosters healthy development and academic success.

While their primary goal is to aid in the learning, development, and well-being of children, early childhood educators are in a unique position to aid in the early detection and response when developmental requirements are harmed as a result of maltreatment (Vilakazi, 2003). When compared to older children or teenagers, younger children are more prone to abuse and neglect (Shonk, 2001) and have a higher chance of being exposed to family violence (Shonket al, 2008). As a result, early childhood educators are likely to be the first experts to notice child protection problems and to inform other professionals, such as social workers or the police (Ladd et al, 2000). It has been claimed that maltreated children who are always in survival mode are more likely to be exposed to the stress response, a complex series of chemical and neurological processes in the brain (Zolotoret al., 2009).

The stress reaction stimulates a natural impulse to fight, escape, or freeze as a result of the sympathetic nervous system’s activation (Rew, 1999). There is increased anxiety arousal at this time, and while these stress reactions can be beneficial, when a kid is constantly stressed, survival responses can become a habitual way of functioning (Rew, 1999). This means that a maltreated youngster may react to the environment as though they are in danger even when no hazards are present because of a persistent state of anxiety.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Child abuse has a way of affecting the educational system, and the school has a lot of power to intervene. Child abuse has been a problem in Nigeria for a long time, and it has only gotten worse for the country as a whole. Child abuse has a long history in the Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, dating back to the beginning of the scourge in Nigeria. Child abuse included, among other things, child abuse, child labor, child abandonment, neglect, teenage prostitution, early marriage, and forced marriage.

Although school, as a socialization agent, promises to have a powerful and overwhelming impact on a kid’s growth, observation has revealed that the essence of education is likely to be destroyed if children are forced to endure the sufferings of child abuse on a regular basis (Larkin. 2009). However, the focus of this research is on the extent to which the school has been involved in kids’ development within the societal environment of child abuse. The study aims to understand the primary causes of child maltreatment and how they impact a kid’s educational performance in light of these considerations.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The overall goal of the research is to:

1.  To examine the causes of child abuse at Edo college.

2.  To determine the effect of child abuse on Edo college students.

3.  To investigate the ways school management at Edo college curbs child abuse.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions guide the objective of the study.

1.  What are the causes of child abuse at Edo college?

2.  What is the effect of child abuse on Edo college students?

3.  In what ways has the school management of Edo College curbed child abuse?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to give parents and school officials an understanding of the impact that child maltreatment, particularly hawking after school, can have on a student’s academic development in general. The findings of this study are crucial because they will benefit parents, guardians, teachers, school administrators, and all other stakeholders in the educational system, since they will be better informed about the issues surrounding child abuse. Such information may deter future acts of child exploitation, particularly when the kid is exploited as a source of family income. Hawking undoubtedly exposes the child to a variety of societal vices, therefore the study’s aim to develop a model for appropriate child rearing in society makes it legitimate. This study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the issue and will serve as a resource for academics, researchers, and students interested in undertaking future research on this or a related topic.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study laid emphasis on school management negligence on child abuse and the case study was Edo College, Edo state, Nigeria.

1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY

The study was restricted due to constraints like time and budget.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

INCOMPETENCY: Lack of legal ability to do something, especially to testify or stand trial.

MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL: School management is a process of leading the school towards development through not only the optimum use of human resources, physical resources, principles and concepts that help in achieving all the objectives of the school, but also the proper coordination and adjustment among all of them.

CHILD ABUSE: Child abuse is not just physical violence directed at a child.