COMPLETE SCHOOL PROJECT TOPICS & MATERIALS :
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CHAPTER TWO

INTRODUCTION

One of the basic necessities of life which are food, shelter, water and Air is of great importance to humans most especially in public buildings where there is high traffic and congestion most of the time. Research has shown that people spend about 90 percent of their time indoor since the majority of people’s daily activities take place indoor, the atmosphere inside of public building has a major impact on the health and safety of majority of the population can actually have more damaging effects on health than pollution in the air outside. This necessitates the need for cross ventilation in public buildings because it helps to mitigate these health risks while also protecting the public buildings.

A public buildings could be church, mosque, schools, or hospital, which holds a large crow for a number of reasons and etc. and if proper care is not taking in public buildings, which is always crowded needs to be supply the occupants with good ventilation so as to prevent suffocations; and there is a  needs for cross ventilation in public buildings more so,  Maslow 1943 opined that  cross ventilation is of paramount importance for human existences as consider the core basic needs and necessities. He further posited shelter and food security and water as essential ingredients that nourish the psychological and mental frame of mind of human, and when this basic needs are met; human beings level of productivity increases up to the next stage of quest for better living condition. According to O’ Brien 2016, ventilation is critical to home comfort. Proper ventilations prevent air pollutants from affecting the health of you and your family. Not only that having air flow in your home can get rid of any unwanted smells, such as from cooking and pets. It is also good to have an air flow that is uninterrupted, as anything blocking the air in your homes can Cause damage to both your homes and your health. In relation to the discussed, this research lingered on ascertaining and the assessment of cross ventilation in public buildings.

• BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Pultar 1999, the architectural space and circulation, carefully designed and planned space make architecture what it is, the space that we live in move through and use. Studies of space are formed in many disciplines, where they have different meanings. it is a concept that is central to many different areas of studies has varied meanings, ranging from totally abstract motion such as mathematical space, to physical ones such as astronomical space to more earthly ones, such as they expanse that surrounds us, to behavioral notions such as territorial space and personal space. This great variety of possible types of space makes the definitions of space in planning and design difficult. Generally speaking, however is a three

Dimensional extension of the wall around us, the intervals, distances and relationship between people and things. Architectural space is defined as subsets of three dimensional extension of the wall around us such that it is entered by man, includes definite material element, especially a base that allows one to perceive its boundaries and its perceive as a whole, serves human functions of habitation, shelter or circulations and is internationally build or appropriated by man to serve such functions, (Pultar 1999). According to O’Brien, 2016, one of the reason ventilation is so important is because it controls how much moisture in lingering in your home. If have you have adequate air flow throughout your home, your walls, floors and all the wood in your home would stay dried and not collect moisture wood can rot when exposed to moisture, as can dry wall. If you let moisture build in these areas of your homes, they would not only destroy the structural integrity, but they would also cause mold to build up. Mold can have a number of negative effects on your health, if you are exposed to it for a long time. One fundamental reason is that a building provides a means of molding various elements of the natural environment, which we sample with one five senses (feelings, seeing, hearing, smelling and testing). Our senses enable us to experience heat, light, sound, odors and thus determine the character of natural and built environment. Our experience of environment is determined specifically by our capacities to sense the several types of energy the surrounds us. Radiant energy (light, thermal energy; heat) and mechanical energy (sound). And, although odor is not specifically manifested as an energy form, it is affected by thermal and possibly mechanical–energy. (Heerwagen, 2004). An architectural space is used to shape and express identity. The notion of architectural space should also be understood to include structures of space that is sets of spaces so interrelated to each other that the functions they  serve extends through these spaces.(Baxter and Martin, 2010). According to O’Brien, he posits that if you are exposing to molds for a long time, you might notice some minor symptoms, such as irritations for your nose, throats and eyes. You might possible develop a headache or a fever if you are exposé for a longer period of time. Mold can both cause immune system problems and worsen the symptoms for someone who already has an auto immune disease. For prolonged exposure to mold can result in respiratory damage; that can’t be reversed such as Asthma. If have proper ventilation in your home, you won’t have to worry about mold forming. An important characteristic of an architectural space is man’s involvement in its generation and his partaking of life in it. As an architectural planning process, it is described as communications among differentiated spaces and between the exterior and the interior which may be achieved by openings alone in the simplest plans, but most buildings requires a distinct spaces allotted to horizontal and vertical circulation such as corridors, lobbies, stairs, rams and elevators, to mention a few. These are designed by the procedures of analysis employed for differentiating uses, since their functions can be different (Pultar, 2009).